structural steel presentation.pptx

8/16/2019 Structural steel presentation.pptx

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STRUCTURAL STEEL TRAINING

PROGRAMME

Prepared By:K.Ramamurthy


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Scope

• The training program covers thestructural steel fabrication, testing &erection requirements for ild !teel,

"ndian standard sections and#ylindrical $elded $ater storagetan%s in various capacities.

• The training $ill be specic for Rolledplate sections used $ith various$elded & Bolted 'oints.


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INTRODUCTION


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Structural engineering is a eld of engineering dealing $ith the analysis and design of structures that support or resist loads. !tructural

engineering is usually considered a speciality$ithin civil engineering, but it can also be studiedin its o$n right. !tructural engineers are mostcommonly involved in the design of buildings and

large non building structures but they can also beinvolved in the design of machinery,medical equipment, vehicles or any item $herestructural integrity a(ects the item)s function or

safety. !tructural engineers must ensure theirdesigns satisfy given design criteria, predicatedon safety *e.g. structures must not collapse$ithout due $arning+ or serviceability andperformance *e.g. building s$ay must not cause

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_loadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonbuilding_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machineryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machineryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonbuilding_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_loadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering


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Structural elements

statically determinate simply supported beam, bendingunder an evenly distributed load.

ny structure is essentially made up of only a smallnumber of di(erent types of elements:•#olumns•Beams•Plates•rches•!hells

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statically_determinatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(structure)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_(structures)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-shell_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-shell_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_(structures)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(structure)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statically_determinate


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Columns#olumns are elements that carry only a-ial force either tension orcompression or both a-ial force and bending *$hich is technically called abeamcolumn but practically, 'ust a column+. The design of a column must

chec% the a-ial capacity of the element, and the buc%ling capacity.

Beams beam may be dened as an element in $hich one dimension ismuch greater than the other t$o and the applied loads are usually

normal to the main a-is of the element. Beams and columns arecalled line elements and are often represented by simple lines instructural modeling.•cantilevered *supported at one end only $ith a -ed connection+•simpl supporte! *supported vertically at each end/ hori0ontally

on only one to $ithstand friction, and able to rotate at thesupports+•continuous *supported by three or more supports+•a com"ination of the above *e-. supported at one end and in themiddle+

Beams are elements $hich carry pure bending only. Bendingcauses one part of the section of a beam *divided along its length+

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantileverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever


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truss is a structure comprising t$o types of structural elements/compression members and tension members *i.e. struts and ties+.ost trusses use gusset plates to connect intersecting elements.1usset plates are relatively 2e-ible and minimi0e bending moments

at the connections, thus allo$ing the truss members to carryprimarily tension or compression.

Trusses are usually utili0ed in span large distances, $here it $ould beuneconomical to use solid beams.

PlatesPlates carry bending in t$o directions. concrete 2at slab is ane-ample of a plate. Plates are understood by usingcontinuum mechanics, but due to the comple-ity involved they aremost often designed using a codied empirical approach, or

computer analysis. They can also be designed $ith yield line theory, $here anassumed collapse mechanism is analy0ed to give an upper boundon the collapse load *see Plasticity+. This is rarely used in practice.

.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusset_plateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_momenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_momenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusset_plateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truss


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S#ells

!hells derive their strength from their form, and carry

forces in compression in t$o directions. dome is ane-ample of a shell. They can be designed by ma%ing ahangingchain model, $hich $ill act as a catenary in puretension, and inverting the form to achieve purecompression.

Arc#es

rches carry forces in compression in one direction only,$hich is $hy it is appropriate to build arches out ofmasonry. They are designed by ensuring that the line ofthrust of the force remains $ithin the depth of the arch.


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APPLICATIONS O$ MILD STEEL %

• "ndustrial !tructures li%e 3arehouses, 1odo$ns,etc• "ndustrial Plants li%e Po$er Plants, #ement Plants,Reneries,

#hemical Plants• Bridges and 1irders, ircraft , Rail$ays industriesetc.• Reinforcement rods including ild !teel and 4igh

5ield !trength6eformed bars

• Residential Buildings including ultistoried•Plates• Tubes

• 7uts, Bolts and Rivets, etc•


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IN USE :

• 1reater 2e-ibility• 8imited no. of internal supports• daptability of frame $or% to change of use• "ncreasing e(ective life of building• 9ase in dismantling or demolition

DIFFERENT FORMS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL :

• Rolled sections li%e Beams, #hannels, ngles, Plates• lats, Rounds, Tubes• Built ;p !ections made $ith Plates or combination

of Plates andRolled sections

• Pre9ngineered and Prefabricated


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FABRICATIO

N


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What is inspection of Structura Steein the Fa!rication Shop

"nspection of structural steel typicallyaddress material traceability, cutting,beveling, drilling, tup, $elding operation,high strength fastener, "nstallation &dimensional accuracy throughout steelfabrication.

;nless specied other$ise, The fabrication"tem shall be inspection at the place ofmanufacture prior to despatch.


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aterial

• !tructural engineering depends on the%no$ledge of materials and theirproperties, in order to understand ho$

di(erent materials support and resistloads.

• 1enerally the material for the structuralsteel is used "!< ? "!


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The stan"ar" co##on$ use" structurastees are:

Car"on steels•> structural shapes and plate•C structural pipe and tubing•C== structural pipe and tubing•C=D structural pipe and tubing•C


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The structural 9lements are to be 'oined together ,to form the required structural sections and thearchitectural vie$s.

The ma'or 'oining process is done by Bolting and

3elding.

The process of 'oining by Bolts $ill have to ta%e the6esign forces as recommended or for the full

strength of the section.

The process of 'oint on $eld $ill have the propertiessimilar or better than materials being 'oined

)oining o* Structural Elements

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/800.pdf


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Structural engineering t#eor

igure of a bolt in shear stress. Top gure illustrates single

shear, bottom gure illustrates double shear.!tructural engineering depends upon a detailed%no$ledge of loads, physics and materials to understandand predict ho$ structures support and resist self$eight

and imposed loads. To apply the %no$ledge successfully astructural engineer $ill need a detailed %no$ledge ofmathematics and of relevant empirical and theoreticaldesign codes. 4e $ill also need to %no$ about thecorrosion resistance of the materials and structures,especially $hen those structures are e-posed to the

Bolt

Connection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_stresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_loadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_codeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_codeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_loadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_stresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw


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General use o* Co!es in structuralsteel 'or+s

• "! @== H #ode of practice for 1eneral #onstruction

steel• "! @= H #ode of practice for Iertical ild steel

cylindrical $elded !torage tan%

• "! @=@ H 6imension for 4ot Rolled !teel !ections

• "! @D> H #ode of practice for use of etal rc3elding for 1eneral #onstruction in ild !teel

• "! @DG H #ode of practice for training and testing ofmetal arc $elding

• "! @D H !teel tubes for structural purposes

• "! D


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"! D> H 4e-agon 4ead Bolts, !cre$s and

7uts,"! D>G H Technical !upply #onditions for

Treaded asteners"! D@C< H Rolling & #utting Tolerances for

4ot Rolled !teel Products"! GCG H 4igh !trength !tructural Bolts"! F=== H #ode of practices for 4ighstrength !tructural Bolts"! G


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"7TRJ6;#T"J7

,#at is 'el!ing-

3elding is a 'oining process in $hich metals, or sometimesplastics melted and mi-ed to produce a 'oint $ith propertiessimilar or better than materials being 'oined.

The heat in $elding may come from a 2ame , an electric arc.Pressure may or may not be applied

9-tra ller material may or may not be required *dependingupon the thic%ness of pieces being 'oined+

etals can also be cut or separated by a 2ame or $ith an

electric arc. Bra0ing is the 'oining of the metals $ith a ller metal having a

melting temperature above FC=# but belo$ the meltingpoint of base material

!oldering is the 'oining of the metals $ith a ller metal

having a melting temperature belo$ FC=# but belo$ themelting point of base material

Welding Connection


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6epending upon the heat source,

shielding method, ller $ire type etc.

There are over G= di(erent

$elding processes #ommonly used $elding processes canbe divided into t$o categories basedupon the heat source.

rc 3elding

1as 3elding


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R# 3986"71

MAIN ARC ,ELDING PROCESSES

• !hielded etal rc 3elding!3

• 1as etal rc 3elding13

• 1as Tungsten rc 3elding1T3

• lu- #ored rc 3elding#3


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3986"71 989#TRJ69

• #overed 9lectrodes for anual etal R#3elding of #arbon anganese steel

• [email protected]

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/814.pdfhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/814.pdf


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SELECTION OF WELDIN% ELECTRODES :

• Electrodes shall be from Branded Company,

• Absolutely Dry

• Flux coating and Length shall be uniform

• Validation of Electrodes upto one year max from date ofmanufacturing

• !elding Electrodes shall conform to IS &'( for "teel conforming IS)*+)#

• !elding Electrodes shall accompany manufacturer$s test Certi%cate

• As far as possible only one brand of Electrodes shall be used for particular

structure or component or during testing, at least three Vendors shall be24


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A,,RO-ED BRANDS OF COMMONL. USED WELDIN% ELECTRODES :

• AD-ANI ORELI/ON E &'(' )F*+ --./0, E&'(1, E 2'(3 )L*!45D+*/E.0

• ESAB E &'(', E &'(1, E 2'(3 )L*! 45D+*/E.0

• D 0 1 SC1ERON E &'(1, E 2'(3 )L*! 45D+*/E.0

• /OBE STEEL E &'(1, E 2'(3 )L*! 45D+*/E.0

E +*'2 /eneral use for "tructural "teel "tructures and lates uptothic6ness of 7' mm thic6 in all positions#

E 3*'& Lo8 4ydrogen Electrodes used in 4ea9y "tructures and "lates for thic6ness abo9e (3 mm in all positions# ;hese electrodes re


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3986"71 L;8""#T"J7

• #ode of practicefor training andtesting of metal arc

$elding

• [email protected]

• pproval Test for$elders $hen

3elding procedureapproval is notrequired

• ..AGD@M


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TESTS ON WELDS :

Tests on We"s can !e Cassi4e" un"er5

Destructi6e Test such as5

• Visual -nspection for Fillet and /roo9e !elds

• +oot Bend ;est for /roo9e !elds

• Face Bend ;est for /roo9e !elds

• .ic6 Brea6 ;est for Fillet !elds

Non Destructi6e Test such as5

• D ;est ) D5E E.E;+A.; 0 for Fillet and groo9e !elds

• +adiography ;est , ;ensile "trength etc# for /roo9e !elds

27


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ROOT BEND TEST FACE BEND TEST NIC/ BREA/ TEST

RADIO%RA,1. TEST FILM FOR %ROO-E WELD

Defects li6e Crac6s , "lag -nclusions, Lac6 of enetration can be 9ie8ed in +adiography %lm

F-L LE./;4

.,ES OF COMMON TESTS ON WELDS

28

Tension face Tension face


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WELDER 7UALIFICATION TEST :

Fu ,enetration Butt or %roo6e We"

We" to !e stoppe" an restarte" 8ith fresh Eectro"e 8ithincentra 9* ##

+oot !eld 1#(= mm diameter Electrode

Final !eld > mm diameter Electrode

;est ieces Face Bend, +oot Bend, ;ensile "trength, +adiography

B = =

9*MM DISCARD

9*MM DISCARD

F =

F =

9 L ; , 8 P " 9 # 9 !

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

TP

==

>== TJ G


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We"er 7uai4cation Test is andatory and shall be conducted byspecialised personnel at site prior to start of any "tructural "teel !elding8or6s#

• !elder$s ?uali%cation test shall be conducted as per -" 3(2#

• ;he !elder shall perform test based on ?+ ) rocedure ?uali%cation+ecord 0# • ;he !elder to be tested shall be experienced 8ith pre9ious


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31

SRNO

AD-ANTA%ES LIMITATIONS

D ost ecient 8ay to oinmetals

anually applied, thereforehigh labor cost#

< Lo8estcost oining method .eed high energy causingdanger

Aords lighter 8eight throughbetter utiliation of materials

.ot con9enient fordisassembly#

F oins all commercial metals Defects are hard to detect at oints#

C ro9ides design Gexibility

AD-ANTA%ES AND LIMITATIONS OF WELDIN% :


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WELDERS IDENTIT. CARD :

IDENTIT. CARD FOR WELDER

,RO;ECT

CLIENT

CONSULTANT

CONTRACTOR

CONTRACT NO

NAME OF WELDER

WELDER NO

DATE OF 7UALIFICATION

-ALID U,TO

BASE METAL

FILLER METAL

DIA < T1/

,ROCESS

,OSITION

CONTRACTOR

EN%INEER

NAMESI%NATURE < DATE

NAMESI%NATURE < DATE

A , , R O - E D

B .

WELDER=S,1OTO%RA,1

32


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33

WELDER 7UALIFICATION RECORD :

,osition : ,ate Thic>ness :

We"in? Eectro"e use" : We"in? #achine use" :We"in? Eectro"e Dia#eter :Root @Fu

Sr We"ersna#e

We"e

rI"enti 4cation no

-isu

aInspection

DateofTesti n?

Ra"i

o?ra ph$resu ts

Destructi6e Testresuts

Re#ar>

RootBen"

FaceBen"

Tensi e


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34

SRNO ACTI-IT. ,RODUCTI-E NORM

D Fitter '9* MT er day for 3 hours

< "A! !elder &* R


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,OSITIONS IN WELDIN% :

D < F

D 1 < 1 1 F 1

C 1 > 1-E -" +*;A;EDDH+-./ !ELD-./

-E -" .*; +*;A;EDDH+-./ !ELD-./

35

FILLET

%ROO-E


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WELDIN% S.MBOLS :

;he -denti%cation of 8eld li6e ;ype, ;hic6ness of the !eld is al8aysindicated in

the dra8ings 8ith an "ymbol , the common symbols are,

> Denotes & mm Fillet !eld on one "ide

Denotes & mm Fillet !eld on both "ide

Denotes "ingle V Butt !eld on one "ide

Denotes Double V Butt !eld on both "ide

Denotes !eld all round

>

36


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Denotes & mm Fillet !eld on one "ide

for length 1''mm 8ith gap of 1''mm

Denotes & mm Fillet !eld on both "ide for length 1''mm 8ith gap of 1''mm

Denotes "ingle Be9eled Butt !eld on one "ide

Denotes Double Be9eled Butt !eld on both "ide

>

> == *==+

== *==+

37

Denotes Field or "ite !eld


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SIE OF WELD :"ie of !eld is determined by Design depending on the "ie of themember and the intended loading,

;he "ie of 8eld is indicated in the "hop dra8ings, and is interpretedby it$s throat thic6ness,

a 0

I J a K 7

I J Leg lengtha J ;hroat thic6ness

In case of Su!#er?e" Arc We"in?5 the 8e"in? is "one isConca6e pro4e The Le? Len?th in case of Conca6e 4et 8e"

sha !e #ore for speci4e" Throat thic>ness

a38

N


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CONSTRUCTION :

Construction of Stee Structures are "i6i"e" into t8o partsna#e$5

Fa!rication is a process of building "teel "tructures 8hich in9ol9esar6ing of

9arious Components and Elements as per the "hop Dra8ings, Cutting,and

!elding ) either ;ac6 8elded or full 8elded 0#

Erection is a process of Building the 9arious fabricated materials toform a

"tructure as per the desired Design and Fabrication dra8ing#

,aintin? is optional 8hich can be done either after fabrication or after

Erection 39


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40

T.,ICAL STRUCTURAL STEEL CONNECTIONS :

CLEAT AN%LE

SEAT AN%LE

CLEAT AN%LE

SEAT AN%LE

• T1E SIE OF CLEAT AN%LE AND SIE OF FILLET WELD S1ALLBE INDICATED IN T1E S1O, DRAWIN%

• T1E SEAT AN%LE AND CLEAT AN%LE S1ALL BE WELDED ALLROUND IN CASE ERECTION BOLTS ARE S1OWN 5 T1E 1OLES S1ALL

ALSO BE ,LU% WELDED AFTER ERECTION AND ALI%NMENT OFT1E BEAM


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41

WEB S,LICE

• IF DESI%N S,ECIFIES FULL STREN%T1 BUTT WELD 5 T1E ;OINTS1ALL

BE WELDED AND %RINDED5 ,RIOR TO ,RO-IDIN% S,LICE ,LATE

• T1E S1O, DRAWIN% S1ALL S,ECIF. T1E LOCATION OFS,LICIN%

ACCORDIN% TO T1E LOADIN% MEMBER

• T1E S,LICE ,LATE S1ALL BE FILLET WELDED ALL ROUND AS,ER T1E

SIE OF T1E WELD INDICATED IN S1O, DRAWIN%

• T1E MAIN MEMBER S1ALL BE IN FULL CONTACT WIT1 S,LICE

FLAN%E S,LICE ;OINT


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42

CLEAT AN%LE

WELD LEN%T1

%USSET ,LATE

BRACIN% AN%LE

ERECTION BOLTS

WELD LEN%T1 S1ALL BE S,ECIFIED IN T1E S1O,

DRAWIN% T1E SIE OF T1E %USSET S1ALL%O-ERN

T1E WELD LEN%T1

C O L U M N

BEAM


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43

MS ,LATE MS ,LATE

T.,ICAL BUILT U, SECTION WIT1 MS ,LATE AND ROLLED SECTIONS

CO-ER ,LATES

BEAM

BEAM WIT1 CO-ER ,LATE

MS C1ANNEL

FILLET WELD

CO-ER ,LATES


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TOOLS < TAC/LES < E7UI,MENTS RE7UIRED FOR FABRICATION :

• Le9elled Floor for mar6ing the "tructural component as per thedra8ing

• ar6ing pencil, Line thread, +ight Angle, "cale, lumb#

• unching tool

• easuring ;ape

• /as Cutting "et

• !elding achine, /rinder, Drilling achine

• 4ydra or small crane for local shifting

• "mall steel or 8ooden supports

• +ed *xide rimer#44


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TOOLS < TAC/LES < E7UI,MENTS RE7UIRED FOR ERECTION :

• 4ydra or Crane for shifting fabricated materials to site of Erection

• ositioning of the E


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7UALIT. ASSURANCE :

• "peci%cation of "teel material• -nspection of "teel aterial• ;ransportation of material to "ite• "tac6ing of materials• Cutting the materials to re


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7UALIT. CONTROL :

• "tructural "teel Fabrication and -nspection +ecord

• Billing Control Chart for fabrication Erection Alignment of "tructural"teel

• Field installation Chec6list Acceptance of "teel "tructure

• +elease of ainting

• /routing +elease

• !elding rocedure ?uali%cation +ecord

• !elders erformance ?uali%cation ;est +ecord

• -dentity Card for !elders

• ?uali%ed !elders Log# 47


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DEFECTS IN WELDS :

• Craters

• "platters

• Hndercuts

• Blo8holes

• Crac6s

• "lag -nclusions

;he Defects in !elds are generally due to poor


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I"69J

!tructural videoAI"6


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I"69J

• !tructural videoA!tructural !teel #onnectionsM*>=p+.mpF

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/Structural%20video/Structural%20Steel%20Connections_(360p).mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/Structural%20video/Structural%20Steel%20Connections_(360p).mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/Structural%20video/Structural%20Steel%20Connections_(360p).mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/Structural%20video/Structural%20Steel%20Connections_(360p).mp4


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ERECTION


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Proce!ure *or Super.ision o*

*a"rication / Erection o*structural steel

• !tructural steel RD.doc-

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/Structural%20steel%20-%20R1.docxhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/Structural%20steel%20-%20R1.docx


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Erection alignment

• The steel$or% shall be temporarily shop erectedcomplete or as arranged $ith the inspector so thataccuracy of t may be chec%ed before despatch. Theparts shall be shop assembled $ith suOcient numbersof parallel drifts to bring and %eep the parts in place.

•"n the case of parts drilled or punched, through steel 'igs $ith bushes resulting in all similar parts being

interchangeable, the steel$or% may be shop erectedin such position as arranged $ith the inspector.


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Tolerances for fabrication of steel structuresshallconform to "! : G< DC , !pecication or agreed

bet$een the approval of quality procedure.

Tolerances for erection of steel structuresshall

conform to the general guidance or!pecication requirement.

TJ89R7#9


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,ant an" Euip#ent @ ;he suitability and capacity of all plant andequipment used for erection shall be to the

satisfaction of the engineer.ll 8ifting equipments should have in.D.C times thecapacity of the "tem to be lifted. The load test shouldbe chec%ed on this equipment.

Storin? an" 1an"in? @ All structural steel should be so stored and handledat the site that the members are not sub'ected toe-cessive stresses and damage. Settin? Out @

;he positioning and le9elling of all steel8or6, theplumbing of stanchions and the placing of every partof the structure $ith accuracy shall be in accordance$ith the approved dra$ings?!pecication and to the

satisfaction of the engineer.


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6uring erection, the steel$or% shall be securely

bolted or other$ise fastened and, $hennecessary, temporarily braced to provide for allload to be carried by the structure duringerection, including those due to erectionequipment and its operation.

ASSEMBL0 The component parts shall be assembled and

aligned in such a manner that they are neithert$isted nor other$ise damaged, and shall beso prepared that the specied cambers, if any,provided.


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Fie" Connections

ield bolting ield bolting shall be carriedout $ith the same care as required for shopbolting.

ield $elding ll eld assembly and$elding shall be e-ecuted in accordance$ith the requirements for shop fabricatione-cepting such as manifestly apply to shop

conditions only.

3here the steel has been delivered painted,the paint shall be removed before eld

$elding, for a distance of at least C= mm on


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CRANE GIRDER

In case o* crane run'a gir!er t#e ma1imum2 .ertical!e3ection un!er !ea! an! impose! loa!s s#all not e1cee!t#e *ollo'ing%

Re*er IS Co!e% 455 6 7849 clause 2 :;7:;7;: Page% : Page No;:< o* IS 455 6 7849;

$ollo'ing Points s#oul! "e note! !uring erection%

T#e ?oint "et'een Gir!ers s#oul! "e at same le.el

T#e E1pansion ?oint s#oul! "e as per appro.e! !etail!ra'ing@ No !e.iation s#oul! "e accepte!

T#e center line !e.iation o* t#e Gir!er s#oul! not e1cee! t#e t#ic+ness o* 'e" plate or as per reuirement o* t#eCrane .en!or

,al+'a "et'een CG / Structural Column s#oul! "e min;


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,EB STRUCTURAL

ERECTION

PEB Erection Gui!e


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TESTING


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3elding"nspection:

Iisual & 76T


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Iisual "nspection

it ;p:• The 3elding 'oint to be chec%ed beforereleasing for $elding.

•fter $elding the $eld should be "nspected fordefects li%e ;ndercut, blo$ holes, porosity,fusion of the material, !patter, 9tc,.

• The defects to be identify and rectication tobe carried out under the instruction of the"nspector.


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"nspection through 76T

•6P T9!T•R6"J 1RP45 T9!T•;8TR!J7"# T9!T

•179T"# T9!T


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TESTS ON WELDS :

Tests on We"s can !e Cassi4e" un"er5

Destructi6e Test such as5

• Visual -nspection for Fillet and /roo9e !elds

• +oot Bend ;est for /roo9e !elds

• Face Bend ;est for /roo9e !elds

• .ic6 Brea6 ;est for Fillet !elds

Non Destructi6e Test such as5

• D ;est ) D5E E.E;+A.; 0 for Fillet and groo9e !elds

• +adiography ;est , ;ensile "trength etc# for /roo9e !elds

64


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We"in?Defects


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H.DE+CH;


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*+*"-;5


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*VE+LA


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H.DE+F-LL


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"A;;E+


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EMCE""-VE C*.VEM-;5


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EMCE""-VE C*.CAV-;5

EMCE""-VE !ELD


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EMCE""-VE !ELD+E-.F*+CEE.;

-.C*LE;E E.E;+A;-*.


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NEMCE""-VE E.E;+A;-*.


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H.ACCE;ABLE !ELD +*F-LE"


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!afety

Targets an! Goals


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"mportant !49 Targets and 1oals:

• Nero recordable in'uries• Nero reportable environmental incidents• ll personnel inducted in !49 matters• Total compliance of conducting !49 "nspections and

udits• D== incident recording and reporting• D== PP9 compliance

• 9-ecuting $or% $ith least disturbance to theenvironment in general and the neighbourhood inparticular.

Targets an! Goals 2


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#ompliance to the follo$ing is mandatory:

• emorandum of ;nderstanding• 9mployerQs Policy and anagement !ystem• The $or% to be done in accordance $ith

9mployerQs !49

Policy and anagement systems.

"ndian !tatutory requirements

• "nternational standards, 1uidelines & "!J

#ompliance

S&E Polic / Plan 2


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6evelop of !49 Policy, approved by T#9:D. !49 Policy, !49 Jrgani0ation

. 6escription of emergency drillsG. 6etails and specications of !afety 9quipment and PP9@. !tatement of policy and procedures regarding !afe

maintenance and operation of 9quipmentE. !tatement of policy and procedures for ensuring that sub

contractors comply $ith contractorQs safety plan.D=.6isciplinary procedure for !49 related mattersDD.Procedure for reporting and investigation of accidents,

dangerous occurrences or occupational illnesses.D


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"ntroduction:

;nli%e in any other type of engineering industry, civil

$o%s involving building and construction $here so

many di(erent $or%s are carried out, is

accountable for a much high number of accidents/

ost of these accidents is either due to cross

functional or simultaneous activities, $hich

multiply the potential of ha0ards, ris%, andconsequent accidents involving in'ury and?or

damage/


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9mployment being prominently transient or

temporary, frequent change of manpo$ercompounds the problems/

"t is therefore highly diOcult to impart safety

%no$ledge and training and continue $ith the same

trained $or%force till the completion of the

contract/

4o$ever, the la$s require ma%ing the $or%er and

environment safe. This can be achieved only by

ma%ing the $or%er, his supervisor, manager and


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SAFET. IN FABRICATION :

• ;he po8er supply to all Electrical E


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SAFET. IN ERECTION :

• Ensure proper slinging of the member to a9oid sliding er6ing of the

load during erection#

• A9oid all erection acti9ities during rains, hea9y 8ind and night hours#

• "tructural members li6e Columns, ;russes, Lattice /irders etc# shallbe pro9ided 8ith ade


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3elding installations

3hen the $elding circuit is connected, the follo$ing guidelinesshould be adopted:

• the connection bet$een the po$er source and the $or% pieceshould be as direct as practicable

• use insulated cables and connection devices of adequatecurrentcarrying capacity. The current for electric arc $eldingmust not e-ceed == mps on a hand $elding operation.

• e-traneous conductive parts should not be used as part ofthe $elding return circuit unless part of the $or% piece itself

• the current return clamp should be as near to the $elding arcas possible.• ll $elding grounds and returns should be securely attached

to the $or% by cable lugs? clamps? bolts? strip conductors.

4NR6!


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1! 3986"71?#;TT"71O0GEN C0LINDERS

• J-ygen is stored $ithin cylinders of various si0esand pressures ranging from


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49"14T !9T5

3986"71?#;TT"71ACET0LENE C0LINDERS

•cetylene is stored in cylinders specially designedfor this purpose only.

•cetylene is e-tremely unstable in its pure form atpressure above DC P!" *Pounds per !quare "nch+

•cetone is also present $ithin the cylinder tostabili0e the acetylene.

•cetylene cylinders should al$ays be stored in theupright position to prevent the acetone formescaping thus causing the acetylene to become

unstable.

&O, TO USE C0LINDERS

#JPR9!!96 1!9! 4NR6!


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&O, TO USE C0LINDERS

1as cylinders in use must be %ept upright on a custombuilt stand ortrolley tted $ith a brac%et. The metal cap shall be %ept in place to protect

the valve $hen the cylinder is not in use. ;se in a $ellventilated area to avoid gas accumulation.

6o not bring cylinders into a conned space to avoid inhaling the gas andpossible su(ocation from the accumulation of 2ammable, to-ic, or reactivegases.

Read, understand, and follo$ all cylinder mar%ings and labels to avoidmisuse.

Before connecting a regulator, stand to one side, and momentarily openthe valve and then close it immediately. This procedure, called Scrac%ingthe valve, is done to clear the valve of dust or dirt that could enter the

regulator.•Jpen valves slo$ly by hand to avoid gauge damage. "f a specic tool isrequired to open the valve, leave it in position so that the 2o$ of gas can bestopped quic%ly in an emergency.

8ift and move cylinders properly.

#JPR9!!96 1!9!


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#lose the gas cylinder valves $hen not in use such as duringbrea%s, lunch, or

endofshift to avoid lea%s.

•ll gas cylinders must be -ed $ith pressure regulator and dialgauges.

void getting any oil or grease on the cylinders orregulators?gauges,particularly those containing o-ygen, to avoidre or e-plosion.

4NR6!


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Our project goal is“ NO HARM TO HUMAN,

MACHINE AND ENVIRONMENT ”.

And we sould re!e!"er tat “ NO WORK IS SO

IMPORTANT WHICH WE CAN NOT PERFORM

SAFELY ”.


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T47K 5J;

structural steel presentation.pptx

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