structural systems over view and auditoriums structural system
TRANSCRIPT
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
Basic Building System Functions
Support gravity loads for strength andSupport gravity loads for strength and serviceability during:
1. Normal use (service) conditions2. Maximum considered use conditions3 Environmental loading of varying3. Environmental loading of varying
intensities
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Lateral deflection (sway)
Wi d
Vertical deflection (sag)
Wind or earthquakes
Dead, Live, etc.
Performance-Based Design: Control displacements within acceptable limits during service loading, factored loading, and varying intensities of environmental loading
Types of Load
Gravity:D d
LateralWi dDead
LiveImpactSnowRain/floods
WindEarthquakeSoil lateral pressureThermalCentrifugalg
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RC Structural Systems
A. Floor SystemsB. Lateral Load Systems
A. Floor Systems
• Flat plate• Flat slab (w/ drop panels and/or capitals)• One-way joist system• Two-way waffle system
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Flat Plate Floor System
Slab-column frame system in two-way bendingbending
Plan Elevation
Flat Plate Floor System
Advantages:• Simple construction• Simple construction• Flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs)• Low story heights due to shallow floors
Typical Applications:• Short-to-medium spans with light loadingShort to medium spans with light loading• For LL=50 psf, 15’ - 30’ spans• For LL=100 psf, 15’ – 25’ spans
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Flat Plate with Spandrel Beam System
Plan Elevation
Flat Plate with Spandrel Beam System
Advantages:• Same as flat plate system plus• Same as flat plate system, plus
– Increased gravity and lateral load resistance– Increased torsional resistance– Decreased slab edge displacements
Typical Applications:Typical Applications:• Same as flat plate systems
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Flat Plate with Beams Floor System
Two-way bending
Gravity and lateral load frames
Flat Plate with Beams Floor System
Advantages:• Increased gravity and lateral load resistance• Increased gravity and lateral load resistance• Simple construction• Flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs)
Typical Applications:• Medium spans with light loadingMedium spans with light loading• For LL=50 psf, 25’ - 30’ spans• For LL=100 psf, 20’ – 30’ spans
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Flat Slab Floor System
Flat plate with drop panels,shear capitals and column capitals
Plan Elevation
Flat Slab Floor System
Advantages:• Reduced slab displacementsReduced slab displacements• Increased slab shear resistance• Relatively flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs)• Low story heights due to shallow floors
Typical Applications:Medium spans with moderate to heavy loading• Medium spans with moderate to heavy loading
• For LL=50 psf, 30’ – 35’ spans• For LL=100 psf, 25’ – 35’ spans
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One-Way Joist Floor System
Rib (joist) slab : (One-way bending)
2D lateral frames
2D gravity or lateral frames
Floor joists, type
One-Way Joist Floor System
Rib (joist) slab with beams: (One-way bending)
Lateral space frame
Floor joists, type
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One-Way Joist Floor System
Top of SlabTypical Joist p
1:12 Slope, type
8-24” for 30” Modules
16-24” for 53” Modules
14-24” for 66” Modules .Width varies
4” 6” l • 2’ or 3’ cc. – Joists
• 4’ or 6’ cc. – Skip joists
• 5’ or 6’ cc – Wide-module joists
4”, 6” or larger
One-Way Joist Floor System
Advantages:• Longer spans with heavy loadsLonger spans with heavy loads• Reduced dead load due to voids• Electrical, mechanical etc. can be placed between
voids• Good vibration resistance
Typical Applications:Typical Applications:• Medium-to-long spans with heavy loading• For 30” modules, 35’ – 40’ spans• For 53” & 66” modules, 35’ – 50’ spans
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Two-Way Joist Floor System
Waffle slab : (Two-way bending)
2D lateral frames
Waffle pans, type
Two-Way Joist Floor System
Advantages:• Longer spans with heavy loadsLonger spans with heavy loads• Reduced dead load due to voids• Electrical, mechanical etc. can be placed in voids• Good vibration resistance• Attractive Ceiling
Typical Applications:Typical Applications:• Long spans with heavy loading• For 3’, 4’, and 5’ modules, 40’ – 50’ spans and beyond
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B. Lateral Load Systems
• Frame Overview• Flat plate (& slab)-column (w/ and w/o
drop panels and/or capitals) frame systems
• Beam-column frame systemsShear wall systems (building frame and• Shear wall systems (building frame and bearing wall)
• Dual systems (frames and shear walls)
Frame: Coplanar system of beam (or slab) and column elements dominated by flexural
deformation
Planar (2D) Space (3D)
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Basic Behavior
Gravity Load
Lateral Loading
2D vs. 3D Frames (Plan)
4 frames , 2 frames 4 frames , 4 frames
Planar SpaceFloor joists,
type
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Frame Advantages
• Optimum use of floor space, ie. optimal for office buildings, retail, parking structures where open space is required.
• Relatively simple and experienced construction process• Generally economical for low-to mid-rise construction
(less than about 40 stories)
Frame Disadvantages
• Generally, frames are flexible structures and lateral deflections generally control the design process fordeflections generally control the design process for buildings with greater than about 4 stories. Note that concrete frames are about 8 times stiffer than steel frames of the same strength.
• Span lengths are limited when using normal reinforced concrete (generally less than about 40 ft but up to aboutconcrete (generally less than about 40 ft, but up to about 50 ft). Span lengths can be increased by using pre-stressed concrete.
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Frame Lateral Load Systems
Flat plate-column frame: Effective slab width
Plan Elevation
Frame Lateral Load Systems
Beam-column frame:
Elevation
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Frame Lateral Load Systems
Diaphragm (shear) element : Carries lateral loading to the lateral load resisting systemto the lateral load resisting system
Lateral load frame, type.
Plate element
Deformed shape -Deformed shape Lateral load distributes to frames proportional to tributary area
Frame Lateral Load Systems
For relatively square plans, diaphragms are generally considered rigidconsidered rigid
Space frame with square plan
Deformed shape has constant lateralconstant lateral displacement - No diaphragm flexibility, ie. lateral load distributes to frame proportional to frame stiffness
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Shear Wall Lateral Load Systems
Shear ll
Edge column Shear deformations generally governwall generally govern
ElevationInterior gravity frames
Shear Wall Lateral Load Systems
Elevator shaft configuration
Gravity frames
Shear walls
g
Void
Coupling beams
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Dual Lateral Load Systems
Wall-Frame Dual System:
Lateral frames – 25% of lateral load, minimum
Sh llVoid
Shear walls
AUDITORIUMS
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Some of the most fascinating man-made structures on earth are the massive auditoriumsstructures on earth are the massive auditoriums that were once used for theatrical performances, music shows, as well for more sinister purposes such as violent wild animal shows and gladiatorial contests
The amount of engineering knowledge that our g g gancient ancestors had developed is just as mesmerizing especially when some of these auditoria rival present-day outdoor theatres in terms of acoustic properties.
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HISTORICAL SNAP SHOT
Epidauros, GreeceThe Colosseum, Italy
Odeon of Herodes Atticus, Greece Side Theatre, Turkey
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Caesarea, Israel Kourion, CyprusArgos Theatre, GreeceArgos Theatre, Greece
Argos ,Greece Bouleuterion of Aphrodisias, Turkey
MODERN AUDITORIUMS
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Glasgow Clyde Auditorium
Cotsen Hall, modern auditorium in historic setting Charter Theatre
Accenture Campus Kornberg Auditorium of the Municipal Theatre, Regensburg, Germany
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AUDITORIUM STRUCTURAL SYSTEMSEXAMPLE 1
(Hall Planer Dimensions 70’x80’)
ARCHITECTURAL PLAN
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ELEVATIONS
PROPOSED FOUNDATION SYSTEM
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R.C.C wall to retain soil
Isolated footingsIsolated footings integrated together with footing beams
Foundation section through Auditorium
steps is on next slidep
FOUNDATION SECTION
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PROPOSED ROOFING SYSTEM
Double T-Planks Sectional Blow up
Double T-Planks spanning the Roof of Auditorium
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Double T-Planks spanning the Roof ofspanning the Roof of Auditorium
Roof Specifications
Roof Section Showing Double Tee Planks, Roof Parapet & Bracer Beam
AUDITORIUM STRUCTURAL SYSTEMSEXAMPLE 2
(Hall Planer Dimensions 60’x80’)
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BASEMENT PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
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ELEVATION & SECTION
PROPOSED FOUNDATION SYSTEM
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Strip Footing
Isolated Footing
Combined FootingFooting
FOOTING SECTIONS & DETAILS
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INTERMEDIATE SLABS STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Typical Beam Column system
Beam-Slab Corss-section
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ROOF SLABS STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Waffle-Slab SystemSystem
Cross-sectional Blow up of waffle slab
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THANK YOU