structure & detailed syllabus nep-2020 & cbcs

Structure & Detailed Syllabus NEP-2020 & CBCS

B.A. / B.Sc. Geography Degree (Basic/Honours)

in the Universities and Colleges of Karnataka

Effective from 2021 - 2022

1

COMPOSITION OF CURRICULUM DRAFT COMMITTEE FOR B.A. /B.Sc. GEOGRAPHY PROGRAM

1Dr. Ashok Hanjagi

Professor, Bangalore University, BengaluruChairperson Signature

2Dr. B. Chandrashekara

Professor. University of Mysore, MysuruMember

3Dr. A. A. Mulimani

Professor, Karnatak University, DharawadMember

4Dr S. M. Hurkadli

Professor, Rani Channamma University, BelagaviMember

5

Dr. Ramu

Professor, Center for Geoinformatics Technology, University of Mysore, Mysuru

Member

6

Dr. L. T. Nayak

Associate Professor, Karnatak Science College, Dharawad

Member

7Dr. M. R. Hugar

Associate Professor, GFGC, Khaza Colony, VijayapuraMember

8Dr Rajashekaran D

Associate Professor, Govt. Arts College, BengaluruMember

9Dr. Gangadhar Sheeli

Associate Progessor. KLE Lingaraj College, BelagaviMember

10

Dr. K Prasanna Kumar

Special Officer, Karnataka State Higher Education Council

Member Convener

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FOREWORD

New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 seeks to transform the Higher Education System in India by introducing the exit and entry options to the students. Selecting courses of choice will improve the education quality of the students. A creative combination of disciplines like Core, Open Elective, Vocational and Elective courses with multi-disciplinary nature is one key recommendation of NEP 2020.

The multiple exit and entry options in the Higher Education System would remove rigid boundaries and create new possibilities for students to choose and learn the courses of their choice anywhere in India can pave the way for improving student progress. A formal system of credit recognition, credit accumulation, credit transfers and credit redemption is a praiseworthy recommendation in the education system.

I am delighted to present “curriculum structure and syllabus of B.A./B.Sc Four-Years Degree Honours Program in Geography with multiple exit and entry with skills and jobs opportunities in every point of exit”. I hope that the curriculum structure and syllabus will pave the way for overall development of the students. I ensure that student community will procure the benefits at large.

Date: 16th September 2021

Place: Bengaluru

Prof. Ashok HanjagiChairman

Geography & Geoinformatics, Syllabus Framing Committee,

Karnataka

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The B.A./B.Sc. Geography Four-Years Degree Honours program with multiple exit and entry options offered in higher education institutions have been prepared with the help of Expert Committee Members formed by Karnataka State Higher Education Council, Bengaluru.

My special thanks to Prof. B. Thimme Gowda, Hon’ble Vice Chairman, Karnataka State Higher Education Council, Bengaluru for his continuous direction and guidance to prepare the program.

I would like to extend my special thanks to my committee members Prof. B. Chandrashekar, University of Mysore, Mysuru; Prof. A.A. Mulimani, Karnatak University, Dharwad; Prof. S.M. Hurakadli, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi; Prof. Ramu, Centre for Geoinformatics Technology, UoM, Mysuru; Dr. L.T. Nayak, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad; Dr. M.R. Hugar, Govt. First Grade College, Vijayapura; Dr. Rajashekaran D., Govt. Arts College, Bengaluru; Dr. Gangadhar Sheeli, KLE’s Lingaraj College, Belagavi and Dr. K. Prasanna Kumar, Special Officer (Member Convener), Karnataka State Higher Education Council for their valuable inputs for the curriculum design and content development for B.A./B.Sc. Honours Degree Program in Geography.

I express my sincere thanks to all the BOS Chairmen and Members of various Universities in Karnataka state for their help in designing the syllabus.

I would like to acknowledge and appreciate the efforts made by Mr. Sushant Sawant for preparing the tabular formats and typewriting the whole document.


Place: Bengaluru

Prof. Ashok Hanjagi

ChairmanGeography & Geoinformatics, Syllabus Framing Committee,

Karnataka

4

National Educational Policy 2020

The approval of the National Education Policy (NEP) by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, GovernmentofIndiahasbeenwelldeliberatedasdiscussedsince2015.Theadventofindustry4.0scenario has rendered our current system of education outdated. Hence, the NEP is designed to contemplate the current skill requirements. The Indian education system with its earlier policies on education has greatly led to creation of fragmented system of education. However, bringing the whole system under one large umbrella is one of the best recommendations. The current NEP has attempted to rectify the same by removing stand-alone institutions, affiliated institutions, proposed formation and up-gradation of institutions to offer multidisciplinary education. Multidisciplinary education system with flexibility for undergraduate students is a key highlight of the NEP. It focuses on promoting and building vocational and skill enhancement courses, right from the entry level, which can ease the burden on the employment opportunities and supply of proficient/talented workforce.

Vision of NEP-2020

• An education system that contributes to an equitable and vibrant knowledge society, by providing high-quality education to all.

• Develops a deep sense of respect towards the fundamental rights, duties and Constitutional values, bonding with one’s country, and a conscious awareness of one’s role and responsibilities in a changing world.

• Instills skills, values, and dispositions that support responsible commitment to human rights, sustainable development and living, and global well-being, thereby reflecting a truly global citizen.

This National Education Policy 2020 aims to address the many growing developmental aspirations of our country. This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirations & goals of 21st century education, including Sustainable Development Goal-4, while building upon India’s traditions and value systems.

NEP aims to have an education system, which is interdisciplinary in nature by 2030 with equitable access to the highest-quality education for all learners regardless of their social or economic background and seeks to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all within the time-frame.

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Syllabus & Regulations Governing the Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS) for the Four-Years (Eight Semesters) Bachelor of Arts / Bachelor of Science (B.A./B.Sc.)

Geography Program

Eligibility for Admision:

Candidates who have passed any PUC Science, Commerce, Arts examinations in Karnataka State or any other States in India with equal qualifications are eligible for admission to the course, provided they have secured 50% marks (45% for SC / ST / Category-I Candidates).

Scheme and Duration of the Course:

B.A./B.Sc. Geography Program consists of 8 semesters in four academic years.

Discipline Specific Core (DSC) Courses:

First, second, third and fourth semesters will have one DSC course each. Every DSC course has 6 credits and a practical component (4 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical).

Fifth and sixth semesters will have two Discipline Specific Core (DSC) courses each. Every DSC course has 5 credits and has practical component (3 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical).

Seventh and eighth semesters will have three Discipline Specific Core (DSC) courses each. In seventh semester, two DSC courses have 5 credits each (3 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical) and one course has 3 credits with no practical component. Whereas in eighth semester, one DSC course has 5 credits and a practical component (3 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical). Remaining two DSC courses have 3 credits each with no practical component. Totally, the program has 14 DSC courses.

Open Elective (OE) Courses:

First, second, third and fourth semesters will have one OE course each. Every OE course has 3 credits and with no practical component. OE courses are for other disciplines and the candidate has to choose one OE from the pool in each semester. The OE courses enhance the geographical knowledge and help students in preparation for the competitive examinations. There are totally 4 OE courses in the program.

Candidates entering into the fifth semester from the social science background like, political science, economics, history, sociology etc. can opt for 4 credits DSC as major / minor (without practical) in the semester of fifth and sixth. Further, the students coming from arts and science background with practical can opt course with 3+2 credits DSC as major / minor.

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Vocational Courses:

Fifth and Sixth semester will have two vocational courses each for 3 credits. The candidate has to choose one vocational course from the pool. There is 2 credits internship course which have to be selected by the candidate. These courses can enable students to obtain the required technical knowledge along with artistic or practical skills.

Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Courses:

Seventh and eighth semesters will have DSE courses. All the DSE courses have 3 credits and with no practical component.

The seventh semester will have research methodology for 3 credits and the eighth semester will either be a research project or Internship for 6 credits. If candidate is not interested to opt for the Research Methodology in the seventh semester the candidate can opt one more DSE course from the given pool.

However, the candidates willing to pursue a PhD program in future can select a Research Project in the eighth semester. The candidate should have opted for the Research Methodology course in the seventh semester itself. If candidate is not interested to opt for the Research project in the eighth semester, the candidate can opt two more DSE courses from the given pool. The DSE courses enhance the geographical knowledge and help students in preparation for the competitive examinations.

There shall be University examination at the end of each semester. The course pattern and the scheme of examinations are as follows:

Duration of the Course:

The duration of the B.A./B.Sc. Geography Program shall extend over 8 semesters (three academic years) of 16 weeks or more, each with a maximum of 90 actual working days of instruction in each semester.

Course pattern:

In the faculty of Science, the number of credits per semester may vary from 20 to 25, an average of 23 credits per semester and a total of around 186 credits for the program. The credits shall be based on the number of instructional hours per week, generally 1 credit per hour of instruction in theory and 1 credit for 2 hours of practical or project work or internship per week. The courses offered in a programme may be the Discipline Specific Core (DSC), Discipline Specific Elective (DSE), Open Elective (OE) and Vocational courses.

Medium of instruction:

The medium of instruction shall be Kannada / English.

Attendance:

The course shall be treated as an independent unit for the purpose of attendance. A student shall attend a minimum of 75% of the total instruction hours in a course including assignments and

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seminars in each semester. There shall be no provision for condonation of shortage of attendance and a student who fails to secure 75% attendance in a course shall be required to repeat that semester.

Internal Assessment:

Marks for internal assessment shall be awarded on the basis of Attendance, Test, Case Studies and Assignments / Seminars and other co-curricular activities. The internal assessment marks shall be notified on the department / college notice board for the information of the students and it shall be communicated to the Registrar (Evaluation) within 10 days before the commencement of the University examinations, and the Registrar (Evaluation) shall have access to the records of such internal assessment evaluations.

Board of Examiners (BOE):

Board of examiners constituted by the University shall consist of a Chairman, internal and external members out of which at least one shall be from the Department / College offering the course and at least two external members from other universities. The board shall scrutinize the question papers and shall forward for the approval of university.

Results:

A candidate should obtain a minimum of 40% marks in each of the papers in the University examination and 50% marks including internal assessment marks. A candidate should obtain a minimum of 50% marks in all Semesters). The candidates who have passed in all the semester examinations are eligible for the B.A./B.Sc. Degree Honours in Geography. If candidate choose second DSC from social science stream like Sociology, Political Science, History, Economics, etc can be awarded as B.A. Degree Honours in Geography. If candidate choose second DSC from science stream like Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Geology, Environmental Science etc can be awarded as B.Sc. Degree Honours in Geography.

Carry Over:

A candidate who fails in a lower semester examination may go to the higher semester, however, the result of the candidates who have passed the VIII semester examination but not passed the lower semester examinations shall be declared as NCL (not completed lower semester examinations). Such candidates shall be eligible for the degree only after completion of all the lower semester examinations.

Question Paper Pattern:

The Theory exam will be conducting for 70 Marks and it consists of 3 Parts namely Short, Medium and Long answer questions.

Part – A Each question carries 4 marks and student has to answer 4 questions.

Part – B Each question carries 8 marks and student has to answer 3 questions.

Part – C Each question carries 15 marks and student has to answer 2 questions.

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Model Curriculum

Name of the Degree Program: B.A. / B.Sc. (Basic / Honours) Degree in Geography

Discipline Core: Geography

Total Credits for the Program: 186

Starting year of implementation: 2021-2022

Program Outcomes:

By the end of the program the students will be able to:

(Refer to literature on outcome based education (OBE) for details on Program Outcomes)

PO1: Relating to Knowledge


1.1 give explanation of relevant terms and concept of geography including definitions.

1.2 Give better explanation about relevant principles, theories and models in geography.

1.3 Show clear knowledge relating to man and environmental process and factors.

PO2: Understanding and application


2.1 Identify the importance of spatial scale and time scale.

2.2 Know the complex and interactive nature of physical and human environments.

2.3 Identify the importance of the resemblances and variance between places, environments and people.

2.4 Comprehend how processes bring changes in systems, distributions and environments.

PO3: Students Skills


3.1 Interpret a variety of types of geographical data and sources and recognise their limitations.

3.2 Communicate geographical evidence, ideas and arguments.

3.3 Use geographical data to identify trends and patterns.

3.4 Use diagrams and sketch maps to demonstrate geographical aspects.

3.5 Demonstrate skill of analysis and synthesis of geographical information

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PO4: Students Evaluation


4.1 Critically evaluate geographical principles, theories and models

4.2 Assess the effects of geographical processes and change on physical and human environments.

4.3 Assess how the viewpoints of different groups of people, potential conflicts of interest and other factors interact in the management of physical and human environments.

4.4 Evaluate the relative success of failure of initiatives.

Syllabus Aims:The aims of the syllabus describe the B.A. / B.Sc program in geography at 5th, 6th, 7th & 8th Level. These aims outline the educational context in which syllabus content should be viewed. Many of these aims may be delivered by the use of suitable case-studies, through application of geographi-cal skills and through practical field visits.

The BA./B.Sc Geography syllabus aims to enable students to:

• Know the significance of scale in studying geography

• Know the processes functioning at various scales within physical and human environments

• Improve a sense of space, place and location

• Develop consciousness of the relevance of geography to understanding and solving contem-porary environmental problems

• Realisation of the main fundamentals of physical geography and human geography and the interconnectedness between them

• Explain the causes and effects of change over space and time on physical and human environments

• Develop an gratefulness of the nature, value, limitations and importance of different approach-es to analyse and explanation in geography

• Increase the knowledge of, and ability to use and apply, appropriate skills and techniques in-cluding fieldwork

• Improve a logical approach in order to present a structured, coherent and evidence-based argument

• Develop a concern for accuracy and objectivity in extracting, recording, processing, present-ing, analysing and interpreting geographical data.

Curriculum Structure for Undergraduate Program B.A. / B.Sc. Geography

Name of the Degree Program: B.A./B.Sc. Total Credits for the Program: 186Discipline/Subject: Geography Starting year of implementation: 2021-2022

Program Articulation Matrix for Core Courses:

Semester Title /Name of the course Program outcomes that the course addresses Pre-requisite course(s) Pedagogy Assessment

I Principles of Geomorphology PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, Case Studies

In-course & End Course Assessment

II Introduction to Climatology PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, Case Studies


III Fundamentals of Human Geography PO-1, PO-3, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, Case Studies, Seminar


IV Cartography & Spatial Statistics PO-2, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, Case Studies, Quiz


VPopulation Resource & Dynamics PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Inquiry-based learning,

Interactive LecturesIn-course & End Course Assessment

Fundamentals of Remote Sensing PO-1, PO-3 Cartography & Spatial Statistics Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


VIEnvironmental Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Investigative Case-Based

Learning, SeminarIn-course & End Course Assessment

Fundamentals of Geographic Information System PO-1, PO-3 Basics of Cartography Blended learning, Interactive

Lectures, MOOCsIn-course & End Course Assessment

VII

Advanced Geomorphology PO-2, PO-4 Principles of Geomorphology Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Advanced Climatology PO-2, PO-4 Introduction to Climatology Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Geo-surveying PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 Basics of Cartography Interactive Lectures, Group Activity


VIII

Sustainable Soil Resource Management PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Principles of Geomorphology Cooperative Learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Agriculture & Food Security PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Basics of Natural Disaster Management PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Introduction to Climatology Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Research Project / Internship (6) PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 Research MethodologyProcess-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), Problem or Project Based

In-course & End Course Assessment, Final report

Program Articulation Matrix for Open Elective (OE)

Semester Title of the course PO that the course addresses Pre-requisite course(s) Pedagogy Assessment

I

Earth System Dynamics PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Introduction to Natural Resources PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Introduction Physical Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Fundamentals of Remote Sensing PO-1, PO-2, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


II

Human of Geography PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Inquiry-based learning, Interactive Lectures


Fundamentals of Natural Disasters PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Case-Based Learning


Basics of Geographic Information Systems PO-1, PO-2, PO-3 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

Interactive lectures, Blended learning


III

Geography of India PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Geography of Tourism PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Disaster Risk Reduction PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Application of GIS & Remote Sensing PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Basics of GIS



IV

Geography of Karnataka PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Biogeography PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Population & Settlement Geography PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Regional Planning & Development PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Program Articulation Matrix for Vocational Courses:


VBasics Map Making PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures,

Blended learningIn-course & End Courses assessment

Mobile Asset Mapping PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning

In-course & End Courses assessment

VIOpen Source GIS PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures,


Landscaping & Layout Mapping PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Program Articulation Matrix for Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) :

Semester Title Of the course PO that the course addresses Pre-requisite course(s) Pedagogy Assessment

VII

Physical Geography PO-1 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, case studies In-course & End Courses Assessment

Development of Geographical Thought PO-1 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, case studies In-course & End

Courses Assessment

Trade & Transport Geography PO-1 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, case studies In-course & End Courses Assessment

Settlement Geography PO-1 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, case studies In-course & End Courses Assessment

Introduction to Oceanography PO-1 Introduction to Climatology Inquiry-based learning, Interactive Lectures, case studies

In-course & End Courses Assessment

Regional Geography of India PO-2, PO-4Principles of Geomorphology Introduction to Climatology Fundamentals of Human Geography

Blended learning, Investigative Case-Based Learning, Seminar


Tourism Geography PO-1 Fundamentals of Human Geography Blended learning, Investigative Case-Based Learning, Seminar


Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Introduction to Climatolog Problem or project based learn-

ing, concept mapIn-course & End Courses Assessment

VIII

Bio-geography PO-1 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Geography of Health & Wellbeing PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Regional Geography of Karnataka PO-2, PO-4Principles of Geomorphology Introduction to ClimatologyFundamentals of Human Geography



Economic Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Fundamentals of Human GeographyCooperative Learning, Group Activity, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Regional Planning and Development PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Fundamentals of Human Geography Inquiry-based learning, Interactive Lectures, case studies


Geopolitics & Defence Strategies PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Pre-requisite course(s)Cooperative Learning, Group Activity, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Alternative Energy Sources PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Environmental Geography Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Natural Resource Management PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Environmental Geography Inquiry-based learning, Interactive Lectures, case studies


Urban Geography PO-1, PO-2 Fundamentals of Human Geography Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Economic Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Fundamentals of Human Geography Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Disaster Risk Reduction PO-2, PO-4 Environmental Geography Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Sustainable Rural Development PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Regional Planning and Development Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


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B.A. / B.Sc. (Basic / Honours) Degree in Geography Contents of Courses in the Program

Course Type

Semester Discipline Specific Core (DSC) Open Elective (OE) /(3) Vocational Courses (3)

Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) (4)

Research/Other Courses

I

Principles of Geomorphology Earth System Dynamics /Introduction to Natural Resources /Introduction Physical Geography /Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

Nil Nil

II

Introduction to Climatology Human of Geography / Fundamentals of Natural Disasters / Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation / Basics of Geographic Information Systems

Nil Nil

III

Fundamentals of Human Geography Geography of India /Geography of Tourism /Disaster Risk Reduction /Application of GIS & Remote Sensing

Nil Nil

IV

Cartography & Spatial Statistics Geography of Karnataka /Biogeography /Population & Settlement Geography /Regional Planning & Development

Nil Nil

V Population Resource & Dynamics/Fundamentals of Remote Sensing Nil

Basics Map Making /Mobile Asset Mapping

Nil Internship

VIEnvironmental GeographyFundamentals of Geographic Information System

NilOpen Source GIS /Landscaping & Layout Mapping

Nil

VII

Advanced GeomorphologyAdvanced ClimatologyGeo-surveying

Nil Nil

Physical Geography /Development of Geographical Thought /Trade & Transport Geography /Settlement Geography

Introduction to Oceanography /Regional Geography of India /Tourism Geography /Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation

Research Methodology

VIII

Sustainable Soil Resource ManagementAgriculture & Food SecurityBasics of Natural Disaster Management

Nil Nil

Bio-geography /Geography of Health & Wellbeing /Regional Geography of Karnataka /Economic Geography

Regional Planning and Development /Geopolitics & Defence Strategies /Alternative Energy Sources /Natural Resource Management

Urban Geography /Economic Geography / Disaster Risk Reduction / Sustainable Rural Development

Research Project / Internship

Coursewise Credit and marks distribution for the B.A. / B.Sc. (Basic / Hons) Geography in Universities and Colleges in Karnataka

Semester Course Type

Course NameCredits Marks

Theory Practical Tutorial Total Theory Practical Tutorial Total

I

DSC Principles of Geomorphology 4 2 - 6 100 50 - 150

OEEarth System Dynamics / Introduction to Natural Resources / Introduction to Physical Geography / Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

II

DSC Introduction to Climatology 4 2 - 6 100 50 - 150

OEHuman Geography / Fundamentals of Natural Disasters / Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation / Basics of Geographic Information Systems

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

III

DSC Fundamentals of Human Geography 4 2 6 100 50 - 150

OEGeography of India / Geography of Tourism / Disaster Risk Reduction / Application of GIS & Remote Sensing

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

IV

DSC Cartography & Spatial Statistics 4 2 6 100 50 - 150

OEGeography of Karnataka / Biogeography / Population & Settlement Geography / Regional Planning & Development

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

V

DSC Population Resource & Dynamics 4 1 - 5 70 30 100DSC Fundamentals of Remote Sensing 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100

VocVocational – 1Basics of Map aking/ Mobile Asset Mapping

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

Internship 2 - - 2 50 - - 50

VI

DSC Environmental Geography 4 1 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Fundamentals of Geographic Information System 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100

Voc Vocational – 2 Open Source GIS / Landscaping & Layout Mapping 3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSC: Discipline Specific Core, DSE: Discipline Specific Elective, OE: Open Elective, L+T+P: Lecture+Totorial+Practical

VII

DSC Advanced Geomorphology 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Advanced Climatology 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Geo-surveying 3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSEPhysical Geography / Development of Geographical Thought / Trade & Transport Geography / Settlement Geography

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSE Introduction to Oceanography / Regional Geography of India / Tourism Geography / Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

Research Methodology 3 - - 3 100 - - 100

VIII

DSC Sustainable Soil Resource Management 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Agriculture & Food Security 3 - - 3 100 - - 100DSC Basics of Natural Disaster Management 3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSEBio-geography / Geography of Health & Wellbeing / Regional Geography of Karnataka / Economic Geography

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSE

Research Project / Internship 6 --or---

3

+

3

- - 6 150 - - 150

Regional Planning and Development / Geopolitics & Defence Strategies / Alternative Energy Sources / Natural Resource Management

Urban Geography/ Economic Geography / Disaster Risk Reduction / Sustainable Rural Development

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Sem Discipline Specific Core (DSC) (Credits) (L+T+P)

Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) /

Open Elective (OE) (Credits) (L+T+P)

Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC),

Languages (L+T+P)

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)Total CreditsSkill-based

(Credits) (L+T+P)

Value-based (Credits) (L+T+P)

IDSC-A1 Principles of Geomorphology (4+2)DSC-B1 (4+2)

OE-1.1 Earth System Dynamics /OE-1.2 Introduction to Natural Resources /OE-1.3 Introduction to Physical Geography /OE-1.4 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (3)

L1-1 (3), L2-1 (3)(3+1+0 each)

NilSEC-1: Digital Fluency (2) (1+0+2)

Physical Education for Fitness (1) (0+0+2)

Health & Wellness (1) (0+0+2)

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II

DSC-A2 Introduction to Climatology (4+2)DSC-B2 (4+2)

OE-2.1 Introduction to Human Geography /OE-2.2 Fundamentals of Natural Disasters /OE-2.3 Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation /OE-2.4 Basics of Geographic Information Systems (3)

L2-1 (3), L2-1 (3)(3+1+0 each)

Environmental Studies (2)

Nil Physical Education - Yoga (1) (0+0+2)

NCC/NSS/R&R (S&G)/ Cultural (1) (0+0+2)

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Exit option with Certificate (50 Credits)

III

DSC-A 3 fundamentals of Human Geography (4+2)DSC-B3 (4+2)

OE-3.1 Geography of India /OE-3.2 Geography of Tourism /OE-3.3 Disaster Risk Reduction /OE-3.4 Application of GIS & Remote Sensing (3)

L1-3 (3), L2-3 (3)(3+1+0 each)

Nil

SEC-2: Artificial Intelligence (2) (1+0+2)

Physical Education - Sports Skills (1) (0+0+2)


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IV

DSC-A4 Cartography & Spatial Statistics (4+2)DSC-B4 (4+2)

OE-4.1 Geography of Karnataka /OE-4.2 Biogeography /OE-4.3 Population & Settlement Geography /OE-4.4 Regional Planning & Development (3)

L1-4 (3), L2-4 (3)(3+1+0 each)

Constitution of India (2)

Nil

Physical Education – Games (1) (0+0+2)


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Exit option with Diploma (100 Credits)Choose any one Discipline as Major, the other as the Minor

V

DSC-A5 Population Resource & Dynamics (4+1)* DSC-A6 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (3+2)DSC-B5 (3+2)

Vocational – 1 (3)Voc 1.1 Basics of Map Making /Voc 1.2 Mobile Asset Mapping Nil Nil

SEC-3: Such as Cyber Security (2) (1+0+2)



22

VI

DSC-A7 Environmental Geography (4+1)*DSC-A8 Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (3+2)DSC-B6 (3+2)

Vocational – 2 (3)Voc 2.1 Open Source GIS /Voc 2.2 Landscaping & Layout Mapping

Internship (2)

Nil Nil

SEC-4: Professional Cmmunication (2)



24

Exit option with Bachelor of Arts, B.A. / Bachelor of Science, B.Sc Basic Degree (144 Credits)

Program Structure for the B.A./B.Sc. Geography (Basic / Honours) Degree in Universities and Colleges of Karnataka

VII

DSC-A9 Advanced Geomorphology (3+2)DSC-A10 Advanced Climatology (3+2)DSC-A11 Geo-surveying (3)

DSE-A1.1 Physical Geography /DSE-A1.2 Development of Geographical Thought /DSE-A1.3. Trade & Transport Geography /DSE-A1.4 Settlement Geography (3)(Student can select one from above and another from below pools for 3 credits each)DSE-A2.1 Introduction to Oceanography /DSE-A2.2 Regional Geography of India /DSE-A2.3 Tourism Geography /DSE-A2.4 Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation (3)

Research Methodology (3)

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 22

VIII

DSC-A12 Sustainable Soil Resource Management (3+2)DSC-A13 Agriculture & Food Security (3)DSC-A14 Basics of Natural Disaster Management (3)

DSE-A3.1 Bio-geography /DSE-A3.2 Geography of Health & Wellbeing /DSE-A3.3 Regional Geography of KarnatakaDSE-A3.4 Economic Geography (3)

Research Project / Intersnhip (6)DSE-A4.1 Regional Planning and Development /DSE-A4.2 Geopolitics & Defence Strategies /DSE-A4.3 Alternative Energy Sources /DSE-A4.4 Natural Resource Management (3)

(If student is not willing to carry out Research Project or Internship he /she can elect any two DSE. One from above and another from below pools for 3 credits each)

DSE-A5.1 Urban Geography DSE-A5.2 Economic Geography / DSE-A6.3 Disaster Risk Reduction / DSE-A6.4 Sustainable Rural Development (3)


Award of Bachelor of Arts Honours, / Bachelor of Science Honours Degree (186 Credits)

Note: * Students belongs to social science disciplines without practical can study these courses for 4 credits (theory only not practical).

20

Technical Skills and possible jobs after each exit during and after the program

Year Exit Level Credits Technical Skills Possible Jobs

I Certificate 50• Map Interpretation• Geomorphic Analysis• Climate Data Analysis & Interpretation

• Field Surveyor• Weather Data Analyst

II Diploma 100• Cartography• Statistics Analysis

• Field Surveyor• Cartographer

III Degree 142

• Cartography• GIS and Image Analysis• Tourism Management

• GIS Field Surveyor• GIS Trainee• Nature Conservation Officer• School Teacher

IV Degree with Honors 182

• GIS & Image Analysis• Resource Management• Town Planning• Tourism Management

• Sustainability Consultant• Tourism officer• Transport planner• Cartographer• GIS Engineer• Environmental consultant• Geography Teacher• Geography Researcher

21

B.A. / BSc Semester 1

Title of the Course: DSC-A1 Principles of Geomorphology

Number of Theory Credits

Number of lecture hours/ semester

Number of practical Credits

Number of practical hours/ semesters

4 52 or 56 2 52 or 56

Course Outcomes: 1. After the completion of this course, students should be able to: 2. Define the field of Geomorphology and to explain the essential principles of it. 3. to outline the mechanism of dynamic nature of the Earth’s surface and interior of the

Earth. 4. to illustrate and explain the forces affecting the crust of the earth and its effect on it. 5. to understand the conceptual and dynamic aspects of landform development

Course Objectives: This course aims to:

1. to define the concepts in Geomorphology and Physical Geography 2. to introduce various concept to understand cycles of the solid Earth surface 3. to understand the dynamic nature of the Earth’s surface, various processes, and

landforms. 4. to study the impact human on geomorphic system.

Content of Theory Course 1 52/56Hrs

Unit – 1 Geomorphology 13/14

Introduction to geography: physical and human geography Introduction to Geomorphology: meaning, nature, development, and scope Principles of Geomorphology Geological Time Scale

Distribution of continents and oceans

Unit – 2 Systems and Cycles of the Solid Earth 13/14

Internal structure of the earth Alfred Wegener’s continental drift Theory of Isostacy: Views of Pratt and Airy Convectional current theory and concept of sea floor spreading Theory of Plate Tectonics: plate boundaries, subduction, Case Studies: Volcano, Earthquake: reporting of latest incidents

Case Studies: Volcano, Earthquake: reporting of latest incidents

Unit – 3 The Dynamics of Earth 13/14

Earth’s Movements: Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces, Sudden and Diastrophic movements- Epeirogenetic and Orogenetic Movements-Process of folding and faulting Vulcanicity and earthquake Rocks: Characteristics, types, importance, and rock cycle Weathering: meaning, types and controlling factors

Mass Movement: meaning, controlling factors, types-landslides, rock-falls

22

Unit – 4 Evolution of Landforms 13/14

Evolution of Landforms Landforms: meaning, types and factors controlling landforms development Slope development: concept and types Concept of Cycle of Erosion–W.M. Davis and W. Penck Agents of Denudation: river; drainage patterns, groundwater, Sea waves, Wind and Glaciers and resultant landforms.

Application of geomorphology: in India and Karnataka (Regional planning, Urban planning and transportation, Mining, Hazard management, Agriculture and Environmental management).

Textbooks

1. Ahmed E. (1985) Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 2. P Mallappa, Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 3. Ranganath Principles of Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 4. Nanjannavar S S: Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 5. Hugar M R Physical Geography part 1(Kannada Version) 6. Goudar M B, Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 7. Kolhapure and S S Nanjan, Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

References

1. Bloom A.L. (1978) Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms Prentice – Hall of India, New Delhi.

2. Brunsden D. (1985) Geomorphology in the Service of Man: The Future of Geography, Methnen, U.K.

3. Chorley, R.J., Schumm, S. A. and Sugden, D.E. 1984: Geomorphology, Methuen, London

4. Cooke, R.U. and Warren, 1973: Geomorphology in Deserts, Batsford, London 5. Dayal, P. 1996: Textbook of Geomorphology, Shukla Book Depot, Patna. 6. Goudie Anrew et.al. (1981) Geomorphological Techniques, George Allen &Unwin,

London. 7. Homes A. (1965) Principles of Physical Geology, 3rd Edition, ELBSS Edn. 8. Strahler A.N. (1968) The Earth Sciences, Harper & Row Intl. Edn, New York 9. Thornberry W.D. (1969) Principles of Geomorphology 2nd Edition, Wiley Intl. Edn. &

Wiley, 1984. 10. Verstappen H. (1983) Applied Geomorphology, Geomorphological Surveys for

Environmental Develop- ment, Elsevier, Amsterdam

Reference Websites

1. http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earth.htm 2. http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm 3. https://www.usgs.gov/ 4. https://www.ksndmc.org/ Pedagogy

23

Formative Assessment

Assessment Occasion/ type

Weightage in Marks

Case Studies 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%

Dr. K Prasanna kumar Prof. Ashok Hanjagi

Date: 16/09/2021 Course Co-ordinator Subject Committee Chairperson

Geomorphology Practical

Content of Practical Course 1: List of Experiments to be conducted

Exercise-1: Identification of Rocks and Minerals. Mineral samples: Iron ore, Bauxite ore and

Manganese. Rock Samples: Granite, Basalt, Lime Stones, Sandstone, quartzite, and

marble.

Exercise-2: Extraction and interpretation of Geomorphic information from Topographical

maps

Exercise-3: Preparation of contour map from toposheet, Construction of Relief Profiles-

serial, Super imposed, Projected & Composite.

Exercise-4: Slope Analysis - Slope Maps (Wentworth method) Slope (isotan and isosin) and

aspect maps & Hypsometric curve and integral

Exercise-5: Drainage Morphometry: delineation of watershed, stream ordering and

Morphometric analysis: mean stream length, drainage density and drainage frequency.

Field Work: Measurement of channel cross-sections in the field, Geomorphic map of

channel bed, Study of erosional and depositional features in the field.

Case Study: students must be taken to observe local land formation and degradation and write a

report on their effectiveness.

24


Title of the Course: OE-1.1 Earth System Dynamics





4 52 or 56 2 52 or 56

Course Outcomes: 1. This course is to make understand the basic concepts of earth and to impart

necessary skills of earth system, and dynamics to the students. So that, students acquire basic understanding of the mother earth

2. To articulate the synergies and trade-offs of earth system and interconnected sub-systems to the students of interdisciplinary students.

Course Objectives This course aims to

1. Understand the concepts in Earth Sciences 2. To study the global issues in the Earth system 3. To study application of geoinformatics to solve the disaster and hazards


Unit – 1 Earth System Dynamics 13/14

Origin of Earth and its forms, plate tectonics, layers of earth and composition, geological epochs, evolution of species, extinctions, ice ages, continental drift theory, Process of atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and their interaction. Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene.

Unit – 2 Issues in Earth System 13/14

Global warming, greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, ozone depletion, floods, droughts, weather variations, sea level rise, changing ecosystems, snow / glaciers melting and impact of pollution.

Unit – 3 Climate Change 13/14

The physical science of climate system and change, concepts, causes, effects, measures, climate change; Land – Climate interactions and climatic zones of world and India; Climate change and linkages with energy, emerging diseases, community response.

Unit – 4 Geoinformatics Applications: 13/14

Concepts of hazards, risks and vulnerability; their analysis relating climate projections and their uncertainties; global warming, floods and droughts, and weather variations, ecosystems changes, and snow/glaciers melting, energy studies, health and diseases studies and other case studies.

References 1. The Dynamic Earth System (2012), Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited; Third

edition (2012) A.M. Patwardhan

25

2. Earth's Dynamic Systems (2003), Pearson; 10th edition (2003), W. Kenneth Hamblin & Eric H. Christiansen

3. Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology, and the Evolution of Life and Environment (1992) Cesare Emiliani

4. Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World, 2nd edn., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (2013) Jonathan I. Lunine.

5. Evolution of the Earth, McGraw-Hill Education; 8th edition (2009) Donald Prothero, Robert Dott, Jr.

6. A Textbook of Climatology, Wisdom Press (2015) Tapas Bhattacharya Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Case Studies 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



26


Title of the Course: OE: 1.2 Introduction to Natural Resources

Number of Theory Credits Number of lecture hours/ semester

3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the students will:

1. Understand concepts of different natural resources, its use, overuse, with its solution by natural resource management methods.

2. Appreciate the need for managing land and water resources for sustainable growth and development, managerial skills such as land evaluation and land classification.

3. Also, able to understand the causes and consequences of water stress and draw water conservation and management plans.

Course Objectives: This course aims to

1. explain the types of natural resources that exist. 2. Study the role of government and different agencies in the natural resource

management 3. Study the threat to the natural resources and the policies to solve it.


Unit – 1 Concept of Resources 13/14

Meaning, Definition, importance and classification of Resources, Appraisal of Natural Resources, Natural Resources Economics, History of Conservation, need for conservation and Management of Natural Resources –Role of Government and NGO Agencies, Resource Creating Factors. Environmental Risk- types, wildlife, forest risk and its impact on environment and its management.

Unit – 2 Land Resources 13/14

Land Evaluation Methods, Land classification Methods, Land use and Land cover Mapping changes. Issue related to land use change –Land use and population, Land use pattern in the world. Land source at stress, land use planning and development. Soil erosion, soil degradation, methods of conservation.

Unit – 3 Water Resources 13/14

Importance of water, Recent trends in water use in the world and in India, water crises, (stress) causes and consequences of water stress or crises, methods of water conservation, watershed management, coastal and ocean Resources management, Fisheries Management

Unit – 4 Minerals Resources 13/14

Types of minerals, classifications of Major Minerals, their distribution and production. Such as Petroleum, Coal, Iron ore, Bauxite and Copper etc, and its uses. Mineral exploration methods, Mining, and its effects on environment. Mineral’s conservation and mining policy

27

References 1. Dr.Alka Gautham: Geography of Resources: Exploitation, Conservation and

Mangement, Sharada Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad. 2. Dr.P.S.Negi: Geography of Resources: Kedarnath Ramnath Publishers, New Delhi 3. Dr.Rajashekara Shetty(2009): An Analysis of World Resources with reference to

India, Sarala Raj, Ria Publishers, Mysore 4. Khanna K.K and Gupta V.K.(1993): Economic and Commercial Geography, Sultan

Chand, New Delhi 5. Prof. Zimmerwan – World Resources and Industries 6. Roy, P.R(2001) Economic Geography – A Study of Resources, New Central Book

Agency, Calcutta.

Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Seminar 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



28


Title of the Course: OE 1.3 Introduction to Physical Geography


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: 1. Students will be able to understand the fundamental concepts in Earth Sciences 2. understands basic terminology used to describe physical processes and landscape

forms. 3. Describe elements of the atmosphere and the oceans


1. Study basic principles of the Earth Sciences 2. Understand the landforms, atmospheric elements and structure and basics of

oceanography


Unit – 1 13/14

Origin, Shape and Size of the Earth, Movement of the Earth- Rotation and Revolution, Effects of the movement of Earth, Coordinates -Latitude, Longitude and Time.

Structure of the Earth,

Unit – 2 13/14

Rocks - types, significance, Weathering –types. Agents of Denudation - River, Glacier, Wind and Under Ground water.

Volcanicity, Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Unit – 3 13/14

Structure and Composition of Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Atmospheric Temperature, Heat Budget of the atmosphere

Atmospheric Pressure, Winds and Precipitation

Unit – 4 13/14

Distribution of Land and Sea, Submarine Relief of the Ocean, Temperature and Salinity of Sea Water. Ocean Tides, Waves and Deposits, Ocean currents - Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Marine Resources: Biotic, mineral and energy resources

References

1. B.S. Negi (1993) Physical Geography. S.J. Publication, Meerut 2. D.S. Lal (1998) Climatology. Chaitnya publishing house, Allahabad 3. K. Siddhartha (2001) Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Kisalaya publication, New

Delhi 4. R.N. Tikka (2002) Physical Geography. Kedarnath Ramnath & co, Meerut

29

5. Willian D. Thornbury (1997) Principle of Geomorphology. New Age International (Pvt Ltd.) New Delhi.

Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Quiz 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



30


Title of the Course: OE 1.4 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: 1. This course is to make understand the basic concepts of Remote Sensing and to

impart necessary skills of remote sensing analysis, and image interpretation to the students. So that, students acquire employable skills in remote sensing.

2. Students will learn how to handle and process the satellite images for understanding of biophysical phenomena of the earth system.

Course Objectives: 1. To congregate the basic concepts and fundamentals of physical principles of remote

sensing 2. To create a firm basis for successful integration of remote sensing in any field of

application. 3. To study basics of digital image processing and image interpretation techniques. 4. To study the applications of the remote sensing to solve the real-world problems.


Unit – 1 Introduction 13/14

Definition of Remote Sensing, developmental stages, Laws of Physics, electromagnetic waves, spectrum, regions, wavelength, frequencies, and applications. Types-Satellites, Sensors, Payloads, Orbits, telemetry of satellites.

Process and types of Remote Sensing 13/14

Process of remote sensing, interaction of radiation with atmosphere and targets, atmospheric noises, attenuation in radiance, resolutions of remote sensing, optical remote sensing, visible region of the spectrum, thermal remote sensing, microwave remote sensing, Hyperspectral remote sensing, LiDAR, and other remote sensing platforms.

Unit – 3 Image Classification and Interpretation 13/14

Satellite products and its spectral characteristics, composite images, band ratios; Land use land cover classification schemes-Anderson and NRSC; Visual image interpretation, elements, stages of interpretation and interpretation keys. Image classification- supervised, unsupervised, and principal component analysis (PCA) and accuracy assessment.

Unit – 4 Applications of Remote Sensing 13/14

Disaster Management, Meteorological Studies, Agricultural and Irrigation Studies, Forestry Studies, Hydrological Studies, Natural Resource, Oceanic and Coastal mapping, Soil resource mapping, Urban and Rural Mapping and Management.

31

References 1. Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective (Prentice Hall

Series in Geographic Information Science) - Second Edition (2006), John Jensen 2. Remote Sensing and GIS, Second Edition (2011), Bhatta, B. 3. Introduction to Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation (2003); Lillesand T.M. 4. Remote sensing and image interpretation (2015); Chipman, Jonathan W., Kiefer, Ralph

W., Lillesand 5. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition (2011); James B. Campbell, Randolph H.

Wynne 6. Practical handbook of remote sensing, First Edition (2016) - Lavender, Andrew,

Lavender, Samantha 7. Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Fourth Edition

(2015) - John R. Jensen 8. Image processing and GIS for remote sensing: techniques and applications; Second

Edition (2016) - Liu, Jian-Guo, Mason, Philippa J 1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ce41/preview Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Quiz 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



32


Title of the Course: Introduction to Climatology





4 52 or 56 2 52 or 56

Course Outcomes:

After the completion of this course, students should be able to 1. define the field of climatology and to understand the atmospheric composition and

structure. 2. to outline the mechanism and process of solar radiation transfer to earth surface and to

explain the temperature distribution and variation according to time and space. 3. to illustrate and explain the air pressure system, wind regulating forces and the formation

of the Atmospheric Disturbance. 4. to understand and compute the air humidity as well as to explain the process of

Condensation and formation of precipitation and its types.

Course Objectives: This course aims to: 1. to define the field of climatology and components of the climate system 2. to introduce various dimensions of climatology like structure and composition. 3. to understand the global atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind system. 4. to study the concept of atmospheric moisture and its types


Unit – 1 Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere 13/14

Nature and Scope of Climatology, Atmospheric Sciences; Climatology and Meteorology Origin and structure of the Atmosphere: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, Exosphere and their characteristics. Composition of the atmosphere

Weather and Climate

Unit – 2 Atmospheric Temperature 13/14

Insolation: Definition, Mechanism, Solar Constant. Factors affecting the Insolation: Angle of incidence, length of the day, Sunspots, Distance between the earth and the sun, effect of the atmosphere. Heating and cooling process of the atmosphere-Radiation, Conduction, convection, and advection. Temperature: meaning and Influencing Factors on the Distribution of Temperature Distribution of the temperature: Vertical, Horizontal, and Inversion of temperature.

Global Energy Budget: Incoming shortwave solar radiation, Outgoing Longwave Terrestrial radiation, Albedo. Net Radiation and Latitudinal Heat Balances.

Unit – 3 Atmospheric Pressure and Winds 13/14

Atmospheric Pressure: Influencing factors on atmospheric pressure. Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of the atmospheric pressure and

33

Pressure Belts, Pressure Gradient. Tri-cellular-Hadley, Ferrel’s and Polar Cells. Winds: influencing factors, Types - planetary, seasonal, local wind Variable winds-Cyclones and anti-cyclones.

Air-Masses and Fronts: Definition, Nature, Source Regions, Classification.

Unit – 4 Atmospheric Moisture 13/14

Humidity: Sources, influencing factors and types-Absolute, Relative and Specific. Hydrological cycle: process of evaporation, condensation. Clouds and its types Precipitation and its forms.

Climate Change: Causes and consequences, recent issues-floods, drought,

Textbooks

1. Lal, D. S. (1998). Climatology. Allahabad: Chaitanya Publishing House. 2. P Mallappa, Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 3. Ranganath Principles of Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 4. Nanjannavar S S: Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 5. Hugar M R Physical Geography part 1(Kannada Version) 6. Goudar M B, Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 7. Kolhapure and S S Nanjan, Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

References

8. Lutgens, Frederic K. & Tarbuck, Edward J. (2010). The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

9. Oliver, John E. & Hidore, John J. (2003). Climatology: An Atmospheric Science. Delhi: Pearson Education.

10. Singh, S. (2005). Climatology. Allahabad: Prayag Pustak Bhawan. 11. Barry, R.G. and Chorley, R.J. (2003): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate; Psychology

Press, Hove; East Sussex. 12. Critchfield, H.J., (1975): general Climatology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 13. Mather,J.R.(1974): Climatology: Fundamentals and Applications; Mc Craw Hill Book

Co., U.S.A. 14. Rumney, G.R. (1968): Climatology and the World Climates, Macmillan, London. 15. Trewartha, G.T. (1980): An Introduction to Climate; McGraw Hill, New York, 5th

edition, (International Student Edition) Reference Websites

1. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ 2. https://mausam.imd.gov.in/ 3. https://www.weatheronline.in/ 4. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ 5. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/satellite.php

34

Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Quiz 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



Climatology Practical


Conduct all exercises with Goal, Procedure, devices, and findings.

Exercise 1: Structure and functions of the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).

Exercise 2: Collection of temperature data from IMD website.

Exercise 3: Plotting of downloaded temperature data using graphical methods-line graph.

Exercise 4: Centigrade and Fahrenheit thermometer for measuring temperature.

Exercise 5: Mercurial Barometer and Aneroid Barometer for measuring atmospheric

pressure

Exercise 6: Wind Vane and cup-anemometer.

Exercise 7: Wet and Dry bulb thermometer for measuring humidity

Exercise 8: Rainguage- Dial type for measuring rainfall Exercise 3: Rainfall Trend Analysis

(monthly and annual) Exercise 4: Interpretation of Indian Daily Weather charts.

Note: Students are expected to download weather charts of the four seasons.

35


Title of the Course: OE 2.1 Introduction to Human Geography


3 52 or 56

Course Outcomes: 1. Students will learn how human, physical, and environmental components of the

world interact. 2. Students will be familiarized with economic processes such as globalization, trade

and their impacts on economic, cultural and social activities. 3. the student will Describe what geography and human geography are. 4. Understand population dynamics and migration.


1. Understand the basics concepts of human geography 2. Study population attributes and dynamic nature of it 3. Introduce economic, cultural, and trade activities and their impact on the

development of the region


Unit – 1 Introduction to Human Geography 13/14

Nature and scope, Development Environmental Determinism and Possiblism, Neo determinism (stop and go determinism) Approaches to human geography: Exploration and Descriptive approach, regional analysis Approach, Areal Differentiation Approach, Spatial organization Approach. Modern approaches: Welfare or Humanistic Approach, Radical Approach, Behavioral Approach, Post Modernism in geography

Fields and sub fields in Human geography

Unit – 2 Geographical Analysis of Population 13/14

Distribution and Growth of Population Density of population: meaning and Types: Arithmetic Density and Physiological Density. Regional distribution of Density of Population. Carrying capacity and sustainability, population Pyramid. Population Theories: Malthus Theory of Population, Demographic Transition Theory

Population Movement: Migration, Raventein’s Law of Migration, Factors of population Migration, Economic Push and Pull factors, Cultural Push and Pull Factors, Environmental Push and Pull Factors. Migration Types: Immigration and Emigration, Internal and International Migration

Unit – 3 Cultural Patterns and Processes 13/14

Concept of Culture, Material and Non material culture Cultural Regions, cultural Traits and Complexes, cultural Hearths, cultural Diffusion. Languages of the World: Types, Classification and Distribution. Language Extinction

Religions: Types and Classification. Distribution. Universalizing Religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism. Ethnic Religions: Hinduism, the Chinese religion, Shintoism, Judaism. The Major tribal population of the world.

36

Unit – 4 Human Economic Activities, Development and Settlements 13/14

Primary Economic Activities – Agriculture, Types: Primitive Subsistence, Intensive subsistence, Plantation Agriculture, Extensive Commercial grain cultivation, Mixed Farming, Dairy Farming Secondary and Tertiary Activities: Manufacturing, classification – based on size – Small Scale and Large scale. Based on Raw material – Argo-based, Mineral based, Chemical Based and Forest based. Industrial Regions of the world. Tertiary Activities: Types: Trade and commerce, Retail Trading services, Wholesale trading. Transport and communications: Factors, communication services – Telecommunication. Services: Informal and Non formal sector. Information technology and service. Human Settlements: Factors, Classification, Types and Patterns: Rural, Urban. Compact or Nucleated and Dispersed settlements. Rural settlement Patterns: linear, rectangular, circular, star shaped, T shaped.

Urban settlements: urbanism, classification – population size, occupation structure, Administration. functional classification of urban centres, types of urban settlements: towns, city, conurbation, Megalopolis, Million cities.

References

1. Hartshorne, T. A., & Alexander, J. W. (2010). Economic Geography. New Delhi: PHI Learning.

2. Knox, P., Agnew, J., & McCarthy, L. (2008). The Geography of the World Economy. London: Hodder Arnold.

3. Lloyd, P., & Dicken, B. (1972). Location in Space: A Theoretical Approach to Economic Geography. New York: Harper and Row.

4. Siddhartha, K. (2000). Economic Geography: Theories, Process and Patterns, New Delhi: Kisalaya Publications.

5. Smith, D. M. (1971). Industrial Location: An Economic Geographical Analysis, New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Quiz 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



37


Title of the Course: OE 2.2 Fundamentals of Natural disasters


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: Students will be able to 1. Understand the basics concepts in natural disasters 2. Study types of natural disasters and their effects Course Objectives: 1. The paper is intended to provide a general concept in the dimensions of disasters

caused by nature beyond the human control. 2. Introduce a holistic classification of natural disasters considering the Earth Sciences 3. Demonstrate the devastating effect of natural disasters to society;


Unit – 1 Introduction to Natural Disaster 13/14

meaning, definition, and scope. Lithosphere and Natural Disasters Earthquakes and volcanoes,

Landslides and Avalanches

Unit – 2 Atmosphere and Natural Disasters 13/14

Heat wave and wildfire Cloud burst, hailstorm,

Drought and famines

Hydrosphere and Natural Disaster 13/14

Tsunami Hurricanes and cyclones

Floods and flash floods

Biosphere and Natural Disasters 13/14

Epidemics and pandemics Covid -19 and its effects

Techniques and technology to mitigate natural disasters

References 1. Dr. Mrinalini Pandey Disaster Management Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 2. Tushar Bhattacharya Disaster Science and Management McGraw Hill Education (India)

Pvt. Ltd. 3. Jagbir Singh Disaster Management: Future Challenges and Opportunities K W

Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 4. J. P. Singhal Disaster Management Laxmi Publications.

38

5. Shailesh Shukla, Shamna Hussain Biodiversity, Environment and Disaster Management Unique Publications

6. C. K. Rajan, Navale Pandharinath Earth and Atmospheric Disaster Management: Nature and Manmade B S Publication

Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Seminar 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



39


Title of the Course: OE 2.3 Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: 1. This course is to make understand the basic concepts of Climate-Weather systems

and to impart necessary skills of Climate change, and its impact on earth systems to the students. So that, students acquire basic understanding of the climate systems of the earth and to study the applications of the Geoinformatics to study the climate change.

Course Objectives: 1. to provide a sound understanding of the economics of climate change from multiple

viewpoints 2. Demonstrate knowledge of the projected impacts of climate change and potential

strategies 3. for alleviating their negative impacts. 4. Define key terms (e.g., adaptation, resilience, vulnerability, mainstreaming) 5. Study application of the Geoinformatics in the Climate Change and Adaptation


Unit – 1 Introduction to Climate Change 13/14

Meaning and concept of climate change. Origin of atmosphere. Concepts of weather and climate. Evidence of Climate Change: Historical and current weather and climate events: Meteorological, Lithogenic and biological, Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming.

Extreme weather and climate event: Drought, Extreme Heat, Extreme precipitation, Hurricanes, Tornadoes and Wildfire.

Unit – 2 Causes and Effect of climate change 13/14

Natural cause: Solar variation, Volcanic eruption, ocean currents, Earth orbital change and internal variability Human causes: Burning fossil fuel, Deforestation, Intensive Agriculture, and industries. Impacts of climate change: Water resources, agriculture, human health, vegetation, economy and El nino, La Nina and Arctic Oscillation

International efforts to control the climate change: UNFCC its policy framework and provisions, Earth Summit Rio-de-Janeiro, World summit, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen summit and Doha Conference

Unit – 3 Climate change Vulnerability and Adaptation 13/14

Meaning and type of vulnerability Meaning, Definition, and types of adaptation Approaches of adaptation and Adaptation Strategies.

Adaptation in different sectors: Agriculture, Forest, Water resources, Biodiversity, Disaster Risk Management

40

Unit – 4 Vulnerability Assessment and climate change mitigation 13/14

Climate change vulnerability assessment Global Initiatives to climate change mitigation: Kyoto Protocol, carbon trading, clean development mechanism, COP. Indian initiative to support climate change mitigation: Improving energy efficiency, Diversification of energy sources, Modifying industrial processes, a multipronged strategy for sustainable development and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in India.

Case studies: MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment 16 Guarantee Act) potential of generating co-benefits, Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) or Ecokiln

References

1. Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World, 2nd edn., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (2013) Jonathan I. Lunine.

2. Evolution of the Earth, McGraw-Hill Education; 8th edition (2009) DonaldProthero, Robert Dott, Jr.

3. A Textbook of Climatology, Wisdom Press (2015) Tapas Bhattacharya 4. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing, Cambridge University Press; 4th edition

(2009), John Houghton 5. K.Siddahartha (2020): Climatology, Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Kitaba Mahal

Publication, New Delhi. 6. K.Siddahartha and others (2014): Basic Physical Geography Kishalaya Publications

Pvt, Publication , New Delhi. 7. Satapathy. S: Adaptation to Climate Change with a Focus on Rural Areas and India.

Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests, Director of the Climate Change Division. 8. IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007b: Food, fibre and forest

products. In: Parry, M.L.; Canziani, O.F.; Palutikof, J.P.; van der Linden, P.J.; Hanson, C.E.: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

9. Patricia Butler, Chris Swanston, Maria Janowiak, Linda Parker, Matt St. Pierre, and Leslie Brandt:Adaptation strategies and Approaches.

10. Ministry of Environment and Forest Government of India: Adaptation to Climate Change with a Focus on Rural Areas and India

11. Neelam Rana, Anand Kumar, Kavita Syal and Mustafa Ali Khan: Climate Change Mitigation in India

Web Resources 1. IEA Training Material: Vulnerability and Climate Change Impact Assessment for

Adaptation. 2. http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2010/iea_training_vol_2_via.pdf 3. Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation. 4. http://www.oecd.org/dac/43652123.pdf 5. Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Development Planning: A Guide for

Practitioners.

41

6. http://www.unep.org/pdf/mainstreaming-cc-adaptation-web.pdf 7. CGE Climate Change Training Materials. 8. http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-

annex_i_natcom/training_material/methodological_documents/items/349.php 9. Compendium on Methods and Tools to Evaluate Impacts of, and Vulnerability and

Adaptation to, Climate Change. 10. http://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_pub

lications/items/5457.php 11. Centre for climate and Energy solutions. https://www.c2es.org/content/extreme-

weather-and-climate-change/ 12. https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment/history-of-climate-

change 13. ghttp://www.ozcoasts.org.au/glossary/images/VulnerabilityDiag_AllenConsulting.jpg 14. ghttp://ccafs.cgiar.org/news/media-centre/climatehotspots 15. ghttp://www.oecd.org/document/24/0,3746,en_2649_34421_45619928_1_1_1_1,00.

html 16. ghttp://pmindia.nic.in/Pg01-52.pdf 17. https://www.checinternational.org/climate-change-mitigation-adaptation-resilience/

Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Case Studies 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total 100%



42


Title of the Course: DE 2.4: Basics of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: 1. Students are trained to adapt the theoretical concepts in a practical way through the

mathematical models of geography. 2. Students will have the hands-on training on various modes of spatial and non-spatial

data collection, data storage, data analytics, data interpretation and data display through the thematic maps.

3. Students are exposed on spatial thinking to solve the geographical problems with range of proven mathematical and statistical models.

4. Students can employ in various corporate and government organisation where they deal to solve geographical problems.


1. Understand the concept and techniques of the Geographic Information Systems. 2. Define the GIS data types and structures. 3. Study geo processing and visualization concepts and techniques in GIS.


Unit – 1 Introduction 10

Emergence of GI Science, Milestone and Developmental stages in GIS, Definition, scope, role of GIS in digital world; Components, functionalities, merits and demerits, global market, interdisciplinary domains, and its integration with GIS.

Unit – 2 Geodesy and Spatial Mathematics 10

Cartesian coordinates, latitude, longitudes, formats of angular units, geographical coordinates, Datum: WGS84, vs NAD32. UTM, Aerial Distance measurement using Geographic and projected coordinates, Area, Perimeter, length by coordinates and various international measures.

Unit – 3 GIS Data and Scale 10

Spatial Data and its structures; sources and types of data collection; data errors, topology of data and relationship. Large Scale vs Small Scale, generalization; precision and accuracy of data-logical consistency and non-spatial data integration

Unit – 4 Geoprocessing and Visualization 12

Spatial and Non-Spatial Queries, proximity analysis, Preparation of Terrain and Surface models. Hotspot and density mapping. Types of maps, thematic maps and

43

its types, relief maps, flow maps and cartograms. Tabulations: Graphs and Pivot tables.

References

1. An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems - Ian Heywood (2011) 2. Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective - Aronoff, S. (1989) 3. GIS - Fundamentals, Applications, and Implementations - Elangovan, K. (2006) 4. Introduction to Geographical Information Systems - Chang, Kang-Tsung (2015) 5. Remote Sensing and GIS - Bhatta, B. (2011) 6. Mathematical Modelling in Geographical Information System, Global Positioning

System and Digital Cartography - Sharma, H.S. (2006) 7. Spatial analysis and Location-Allocation Models - Ghosh, A. and G. Rushton (1987) 8. Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modelling - Tomlin, C.D. (1990) 9. Geographic Information Systems and Science - Paul A. Longley, et. al. (2015) 10. Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modelling - Clarke, C., K. (2002)

Reference Websites

1. IIRS MOOC programme: https://isat.iirs.gov.in/mooc.php 2. ITC Netherlands, Principles of GIS

https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/librarywww/papers_2009/general/principlesgis.pdf 3. Geographical Information Systems: Principles, Techniques, Management and

Applications https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/~gisteac/gis_book_abridged/ Pedagogy



Weightage in Marks

Quiz 30%

Assignment 20%

CIA 50%

Total



Structure & Detailed Syllabus NEP-2020 & CBCS

Integrated M.Sc. Degree in Geography & Sustainable Developement

Geography, Natural Disaster Management & Geoinformatics

in the Universities and Colleges of Karnataka

Effective from 2021 - 2022

COMPOSITION OF CURRICULUM DRAFT COMMITTEE FOR B.A. /B.Sc. GEOGRAPHY PROGRAM

1Dr. Ashok Hanjagi

Professor, Bangalore University, BengaluruChairperson Signature

2Dr. B. Chandrashekara

Professor. University of Mysore, MysuruMember

3Dr. A. A. Mulimani

Professor, Karnatak University, DharawadMember

4Dr S. M. Hurkadli

Professor, Rani Channamma University, BelagaviMember

5

Dr. Ramu

Professor, Center for Geoinformatics Technology, University of Mysore, Mysuru

Member

6

Dr. L. T. Nayak

Associate Professor, Karnatak Science College, Dharawad

Member

7Dr. M. R. Hugar

Associate Professor, GFGC, Khaza Colony, VijayapuraMember

8Dr Rajashekaran D

Associate Professor, Govt. Arts College, BengaluruMember

9Dr. Gangadhar Sheeli

Associate Progessor. KLE Lingaraj College, BelagaviMember

10

Dr. K Prasanna Kumar

Special Officer, Karnataka State Higher Education Council

Member Convener

1

FOREWORD

New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 seeks to transform the Higher Education System in India by introducing the exit and entry options to the students. Selecting courses of choice will improve the education quality of the students. A creative combination of disciplines like Core, Open Elective, Vocational and Elective courses with multi-disciplinary nature is one key recommendation of NEP

2020.

The multiple exit and entry options in the Higher Education System would remove rigid boundaries and create new possibilities for students to choose and learn the courses of their choice anywhere in India can pave the way for improving student progress. A formal system of credit recognition, credit accumulation, credit transfers and credit redemption is a praiseworthy recommendation in the education system.

I am delighted to present “curriculum structure and syllabus of Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program in Geography and Sustainable Development (Geography, Natural Disaster Management & Geoinformatics) with multiple exit and entry with skills and jobs opportunities at every point of exit”. I hope that the curriculum structure and syllabus will pave the way for overall development of the students. I ensure that student community will procure the benefits at large


Place: Bengaluru

Prof. Ashok HanjagiChairman

Geography & Geoinformatics, Syllabus Framing Committee,

Karnataka

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program in Geography and Sustainable Developement with multiple exit and entry options offered in higher education institutions have been prepared with the help of Expert Committee Members formed by Karnataka State Higher Education Council, Bengaluru.

My special thanks to Prof. B. Thimme Gowda, Hon’ble Vice Chairman, Karnataka State Higher

Education Council, Bengaluru for his continuous direction and guidance to prepare the program.

I would like to extend my special thanks to my committee members Prof. B. Chandrashekar, University of Mysore, Mysuru; Prof. A.A. Mulimani, Karnatak University, Dharwad; Prof. S.M. Hurakadli, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi; Prof. Ramu, Centre for Geoinformatics Technology, UoM, Mysuru; Dr. L.T. Nayak, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad; Dr. M.R. Hugar, Govt. First Grade College, Vijayapura; Dr. Rajashekaran D., Govt. Arts College, Bengaluru; Dr. Gangadhar Sheeli, KLE’s Lingaraj College, Belagavi and Dr. K. Prasanna Kumar, Special Officer (Member Convener), Karnataka State Higher Education Council for their valuable inputs for the curriculum design and content development for Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program in Geography and Sustainable Development.

I express my sincere thanks to all the BOS Chairmen and Members of various Universities in

Karnataka state for their help in designing the syllabus.

I equally thank Prof. R. Jaganathan, Chairman, Madras University and Prof. Jegankumar Chairman, Bharathidasan University for their valuable suggestions.

I would like to acknowledge and appreciate the efforts made by Mr. Sushant Sawant for preparing the tabular formats and typewriting the whole document.


Place: Bengaluru

Prof. Ashok Hanjagi

ChairmanGeography & Geoinformatics, Syllabus Framing Committee,

Karnataka

3

National Educational Policy 2020

The approval of the National Education Policy (NEP) by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, GovernmentofIndiahasbeenwelldeliberatedasdiscussedsince2015.Theadventofindustry4.0scenario has rendered our current system of education outdated. Hence, the NEP is designed to contemplate the current skill requirements. The Indian education system with its earlier policies on education has greatly led to creation of fragmented system of education. However, bringing the whole system under one large umbrella is one of the best recommendations. The current NEP has attempted to rectify the same by removing stand-alone institutions, affiliated institutions, proposed formation and up-gradation of institutions to offer multidisciplinary education. Multidisciplinary education system with flexibility for undergraduate students is a key highlight of the NEP. It focuses on promoting and building vocational and skill enhancement courses, right from the entry level, which can ease the burden on the employment opportunities and supply of proficient/talented workforce.

Vision of NEP-2020

• An education system that contributes to an equitable and vibrant knowledge society, by providing high-quality education to all.

• Develops a deep sense of respect towards the fundamental rights, duties and Constitutional values, bonding with one’s country, and a conscious awareness of one’s role and responsibilities in a changing world.

• Instills skills, values, and dispositions that support responsible commitment to human rights, sustainable development and living, and global well-being, thereby reflecting a truly global citizen.

This National Education Policy 2020 aims to address the many growing developmental aspirations of our country. This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirations & Goals of 21st century education, including Sustainable Development Goal-4, while building upon India’s traditions and value systems.

NEP aims to have an education system, which is interdisciplinary in nature by 2030 with equitable access to the highest-quality education for all learners regardless of their social or economic background and seeks to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all within the time-frame.

4

Syllabus & Regulations Governing the Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS) for the Five-Years (Ten Semester) Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program

in Geography and Sustainable Developement (Geography, Natural Disaster Management & Geoinformatics)

Brief of the programm

THis 5 years progm integrates the Geogrphy, NDM and Geoino. stundets can get equal opportniyu. they are qwll prepared for entering multidisciplanry research after the completion og the program

Eligibility for Admision:

Candidates who have passed any PUC Science, Commerce, Arts examinations in Karnataka State or any other States in India with equal qualifications are eligible for admission to the course, provided they have secured 50% marks (45% for SC / ST / Category-I Candidates).

Scheme and Duration of the Course:

The Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program in Geography and Sustainable Developement consists of 10 semesters in five academic years.

Discipline Specific Core (DSC) Courses:

The first, second, third and fourth semesters will have two DSC courses each. Every DSC course has 6 credits each (4 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical).

The fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth semesters have three Discipline Specific Core (DSC) courses each. The fifth and sixth semester DSC courses have 5 credits each (3 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical). The seventh semester has two DSC courses with 5 credits each (3 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical) and another DSC has 3 credits without practical component. In the seventh semester, the candidate willing to quit after fourth year needs to take research methodology course (for 3 credits).

The eighth semester has 3 DSC courses, one with 5 credits (3 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical) and another 2 with 3 credits each and with no practical component. If the candidate is willing to exit from this semester the candidate needs to take research project (for 6 credits).

The ninth semester has 3 DSC courses, two with 5 credits (3 credits for theory and 2 credits for practical) each and one with 4 credits (3 credits for theory and 1 credit for practical).

The tenth semester will have Research Project, Field Study/Visit, Field Tour Report and Internship for six, four, four and six credits respectively.

The candidates have to select the theme/topic in the given pool and research has to be carried out. The candidate should participate in a field survey wherein the candidate needs to collect primary

5

and secondary data from the relevant fields. Field tour is compulsory and needs to be conducted after the end of the semester or prior to the commencement of the next semester. Further for all the components staff-in-charge will be involved in guiding and supervising the candidates.

The candidate has to opt for internship (6 credits) compulsorily in the tenth semester. The candidate has to select the institutions/organizations/companies/establishments given in the list provided by the department. Further, the staff-in-charge will be involved in the guidance, continuous monitoring and evaluation of the candidates.

In the end the candidates need to submit the research results in the form of dissertation/reports for research project, internship, field study/visits and tour report. The candidates need to appear for viva- voce in the concerned department.

Open Elective (OE) Courses:

First, second, third and fourth semesters will have one OE course each. Every OE course has 3 credits and with no practical component. The OE courses are for other disciplines and the candidate has to choose one OE from the pool in each semester. The OE courses enhance the geographical knowledge and help students in preparation for the competitive examinations. There are totally 4 OE courses in the program.

Vocational Courses:Vocational Courses:

Fifth and Sixth semester will have two vocational courses each for 3 credits. The candidate has to choose one vocational course from the pool. There is a 2 credit internship course which has to be selected by the candidate compulsorily in the sixth semester. These courses can enable students to obtain the required technical knowledge along with artistic or practical skills.

Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Courses:

The Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth semesters will have DSE courses. All the DSE

courses have 3 credits each and with no practical component.

The seventh semester will have research methodology course for 3 credits and the eighth semester will either be a research project or Internship for 6 credits. If candidate is not interested to opt for the Research Methodology in the seventh semester the candidate can opt one more DSE course from the given pool.

However, the candidates willing to pursue a PhD program in future can select a Research Project in the eighth semester. The candidate should have opted for the Research Methodology course in the seventh semester itself. If candidate is not interested to opt for the Research project in the eighth semester, the candidate can opt two more DSE courses from the given pool. The DSE courses enhance the geographical knowledge and help students in preparation for the competitive examinations.

The ninth semester will have one DSE for 3 credits and the research methodology course for another 3 credits. If candidate is not interested to opt for the Research Methodology in the ninth semester the

6

candidate can opt one more DSE course from the given pool.

There shall be University examination at the end of each semester. The course pattern and the scheme of examinations are as follows:

Duration of the Course:

The duration of the Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Program shall extend over 10 semesters (Five academic years) of 16 weeks or more, each with a maximum of 90 actual working days of instruction in each semester.

Course pattern:

In the faculty of Science, the number of credits per semester may vary from 20 to 25, an average of 23 credits per semester and a total of around 216 credits for the program. The credits shall be based on the number of instructional hours per week, generally 1 credit per hour of instruction in theory and 1 credit for 2 hours of practical or project work or internship per week. The courses offered in a program may be the Discipline Specific Core (DSC), Discipline Specific Elective (DSE), Open Elective (OE) and Vocational courses.

Medium of instruction:

The medium of instruction shall be Kannada / English.

Attendance:

The course shall be treated as an independent unit for the purpose of attendance. A student shall attend a minimum of 75% of the total instruction hours in a course including assignments and seminars in each semester. There shall be no provision for condonation of shortage of attendance and a student who fails to secure 75% attendance in a course shall be required to repeat that semester.

Internal Assessment:

Marks for internal assessment shall be awarded on the basis of Attendance, Test, Case Studies and Assignments / Seminars and other co-curricular activities. The internal assessment marks shall be notified on the department / college notice board for the information of the students and it shall be communicated to the Registrar (Evaluation) within 10 days before the commencement of the University examinations, and the Registrar (Evaluation) shall have access to the records of such internal assessment evaluations.

Board of Examiners (BOE):

Board of examiners constituted by the University shall consist of a Chairman, internal and external members out of which at least one shall be from the Department / College offering the course and at least two external members from other universities. The board shall scrutinize the question papers and shall forward for the approval of university.

Results:7

A candidate should obtain a minimum of 40% marks in each of the papers in the University examination and 50% marks including internal assessment marks. A candidate should obtain a minimum of 50% marks in all Semesters). The candidates who have passed in all the semester examinations are eligible for the award of the Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program in Geography and Sustainable Development.

Carry Over:

A candidate who fails in a lower semester examination may go to the higher semester, however, the result of the candidates who have passed the VIII semester examination but not passed the lower semester examinations shall be declared as NCL (not completed lower semester examinations). Such candidates shall be eligible for the degree only after completion of all the lower semester examinations.

Question Paper Pattern:

The Theory exam will be conducting for 70 Marks and it consists of 3 Parts namely Short, Medium and Long answer questions.

Part – A Each question carries 4 marks and student has to answer 4 questions.

Part – B Each question carries 8 marks and student has to answer 3 questions.

Part – C Each question carries 15 marks and student has to answer 2 questions.

8

Model Curriculum

Name of the Degree Program: Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program in Geography and Sustainable Development.

Discipline Core: Geography, Natural Disaster Management & Geoinformatics

Total Credits for the Program: 216216

Starting year of implementation: 2021-2022

Program Outcomes:


(Refer to literature on outcome based education (OBE) for details on Program Outcomes)

PO1: Relating to Knowledge


1.1 give explanation of relevant terms and concept of geography including definitions.

1.2 Give better explanation about relevant principles, theories and models in geography.

1.3 Show clear knowledge relating to man and environmental process and factors.

PO2: Understanding and application


2.1 Identify the importance of spatial scale and time scale.

2.2 Know the complex and interactive nature of physical and human environments.

2.3 Identify the importance of the resemblances and variance between places, environments and people.

2.4 Comprehend how processes bring changes in systems, distributions and environments.

PO3: Students Skills


3.1 Interpret a variety of types of geographical data and sources and recognise their limitations.

3.2 Communicate geographical evidence, ideas and arguments. 9

3.3 Use geographical data to identify trends and patterns.

3.4 Use diagrams and sketch maps to demonstrate geographical aspects.

3.5 Demonstrate skill of analysis and synthesis of geographical information

PO4: Students Evaluation


4.1 Critically evaluate geographical principles, theories and models

4.2 Assess the effects of geographical processes and change on physical and human environments.

4.3 Assess how the viewpoints of different groups of people, potential conflicts of interest and other factors interact in the management of physical and human environments.

4.4 Evaluate the relative success of failure of initiatives.

Syllabus Aims:These aims outline the educational context in which syllabus content should be viewed. Many of these aims may be delivered by the use of suitable case-studies, through application of geographi-cal skills and through practical field visits.

The Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program syllabus aims to enable students to:

• Know the significance of scale in studying geography, Natural Disaster Management and Geoinformatics.

• Know the processes functioning at various scales within physical and human environments

• Improve a sense of space, place and location

• Develop consciousness of the relevance of geography to understanding and solving contem-porary environmental problems

• to understand sustainable city and community in India and Karnataka.

• Explain the causes and effects of change over space and time on physical and human environ-ments using Gospatial Technology.

• Develop an gratefulness of the nature, value, limitations and importance of different approach-es to analyse and explanation in geography

• Increase the knowledge of, and ability to use and apply, appropriate skills and techniques in-cluding fieldwork

• Improve a logical approach in order to present a structured, coherent and evidence-based argument

• Develop a concern for accuracy and objectivity in extracting, recording, processing, present-ing, analysing and interpreting geographical data.

10

Curriculum Structure for Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program

Name of the Post Graduate Program: Integrated M.Sc. Total Credits for the Program: 216Discipline/Subject: Geography, Natural Disaster Management & Geoinformatics Starting year of implementation: 2021-2022

Program Articulation Matrix for Core Courses:

Semester Title /Name of the course Program outcomes that the course addresses Pre-requisite course(s) Pedagogy Assessment

IPrinciples of Geomorphology PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures,

Case StudiesIn-course & End Course Assessment

Basics of Cartography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, Case Studies


IIIntroduction to Climatology PO-1, PO-3, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures,

Case Studies, SeminarIn-course & End Course Assessment

Introduction to Remote Sensing PO-2, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, Case Studies, Quiz


IIIIntroduction to Oceanography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Inquiry-based learning,

Interactive LecturesIn-course & End Course Assessment

Geographic Information Systems PO-1, PO-3 Basics of Cartography Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


IV

Introduction to Natural Hazards & Disasters PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Investigative Case-Based

Learning, SeminarIn-course & End Course Assessment

Population Resource & Dynamics PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


V

Watershed Management PO-2, PO-4 Principles of Geomorphology

Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Spatial Data Analysis PO-2, PO-4 Geographic Information Systems



Droughts: Mitigation, Preparedness & Response PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive Lectures, Group

ActivityIn-course & End Course Assessment

VI

Sustainable Water Resource Management PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Cooperative Learning,

Interactive Lectures, MOOCsIn-course & End Course Assessment

Geo-surveying PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Basics of Cartography Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Digital Image Processing PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Introduction to Remote Sensing



VII

Sustainable Cities & Communities PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s)Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), Problem or Project Based


Disaster Risk Reduction & Resilience PO-2, PO-4 Introduction to Natural

Hazards & DisastersBlended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Sustainable Rural Development PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


VIII

Geospatial Tech. for Agriculture & Food Security PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Geographic Information

Systems & Remote SensingBlended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Regional Planning & Development PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive

Lectures, MOOCsIn-course & End Course Assessment

IX

Forest Resource Management PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Soil Resource Management PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Hyperspectral, Microwave & Lidar PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Remote Sensing Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


X

Research Project PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Research MethodologyProcess-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), Problem or Project Based


Field Visit / Tour PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s)Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), Problem or Project Based


Field Study Report PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s)Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), Problem or Project Based


Program Articulation Matrix for Open Elective (OE)


I

Mathematics for Geography PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Introduction to Natural Resources PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Physical Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Fundamentals of Remote Sensing PO-1, PO-2, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


II

Spatial Statistics PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Inquiry-based learning, Interactive Lectures


Fundamentals of Natural Disasters PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning,

Case-Based LearningIn-course & End Course Assessment

Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation PO-1, PO-2, PO-3 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing



III

Programming Fundamentals PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Geography of India PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Disaster Risk Reduction PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Application of GIS & Remote Sensing PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Basics of GIS



IV

Python Programming PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Geography of Karnataka PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Biogeography PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Population & Settlement Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Program Articulation Matrix for Vocational Courses:


VBasics Map Making PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures,


Mobile Asset Mapping PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


VIOpen Source GIS PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures,


Landscaping & Layout Mapping PO-1, PO-3 No Pre-requisite course(s) Interactive lectures, Blended learning


Program Articulation Matrix for Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) :

Semester Title Of the course PO that the course addresses Pre-requisite course(s) Pedagogy Assessment

VII

Development of Geographic Thought PO-1 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive

Lectures, MOOCsIn-course & End Courses assessment

Geography of India PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Fundamentals of Physical Geography PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s)



Photogrammetry PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Remote Sensing Cooperative Learning, Group Activity, Interactive Lectures


WebGIS PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 Geographic Information System

Inquiry-based learning, Interactive Lectures, case studies


Economic Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Cooperative Learning, Group Activity, Interactive Lectures


Political Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Introduction to Natural Resources PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Inquiry-based learning,

Interactive Lectures, case studiesIn-course & End Courses assessment

VIII

Alternative Sources of Energy PO-1, PO-2 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Environmental Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Introduction to Hydrology PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Fundamentals of Human Geography PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive


Geography of Karnataka PO-1, PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Solid Waste Management PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Urban Hazards Management PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Disasters: Environmental & Social Impact PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive


Research Project PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s)Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), Project Based Learning

End Courses assessment

IX

Spatial Data Science PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 Geographic Information System



Crime GIS PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 Geographic Information System



Artificial Intelligence PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


Coastal Geography PO-2, PO-4 Physical Geography Blended learning, Interactive Lectures


Research Methodology PO-2, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Blended learning, Interactive Lectures, MOOCs


X Internship PO-2, PO-3, PO-4 No Pre-requisite course(s) Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL)

End Courses assessment

Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program Contents of Courses in the Program

Course Type

Semester Discipline Specific Core (DSC) Open Elective (OE) (3) Vocational Courses (3)

Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) (4)

Research/Other Courses

IPrinciples of GeomorphologyBasics of Cartography

Mathematics for Geography /Introduction to Natural Resources /Introduction to Physical Geography /Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

Nil Nil Nil

IIIntroduction to ClimatologyIntroduction to Remote Sensing

Spatial Statistics /Fundamentals of Natural Disasters /Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) /Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation

Nil Nil Nil

IIIIntroduction to OceanographyGeographic Information Systems

Programming Fundamentals /Geography of India /Disaster Risk Reduction /Application of GIS & Remote Sensing

Nil Nil Nil

IVIntroduction to Natural Hazards & DisastersPopulation Resources & Dynamics

Python Programming /Geography of Karnataka /Biogeography /Population & Settlement Geography

Nil Nil Nil

V

Watershed ManagementSpatial Data AnalysisDroughts: Mitigation, Preparedness & Response

NilBasics of Map Making /Mobile Asset Mapping

Nil Nil

VI

Sustainable Water Resource ManagementGeo-surveyingDigital Image Processing

NilOpen Source GIS /Landscaping & Layout Mapping

Nil Internship

VII

Sustainable Cities & CommunitiesDisaster Risk Reduction & Resilience Sustainable Rural Development

Nil Nil

Development of Geographic Thought / Geography of India /Fundamentals of Physical Geography / Photogrammetry /

WebGIS /Economic Geography /Political Geography /Introduction to Natural Resources


VIII

Geospatial Tech. for Agriculture & Food SecurityRegional Planning & DevelopmentClimate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation

Nil Nil

Alternative Sources of Energy /Environmental Geography /Introduction to Hydrology /Fundamentals of Human Geography

Geography of Karnataka /Solid Waste Management /Urban Hazards Management /Disasters: Environmental & Social Impact

Research Project

IXForest Resource ManagementSoil Resource ManagementHyperspectral, Microwave & Lidar

Nil Nil

Spatial Data Science /Crime GIS /Artificial Intelligence /Coastal Geography /


X Nil Nil Nil Nil

Research ProjectField VisitStudy TourInternship

Coursewise Credit and marks distribution for Five-Years Integrated M.Sc. Degree Program

Semester Course Type

Course NameCredits Marks

Theory Practical Tutorial Total Theory Practical Tutorial Total

I

DSC Principles of Geomorphology 4 2 - 6 100 50 - 150Basics of Cartography 4 2 - 6 100 50 - 150

OEMathematics for Geography / Introduction to Natural Resources / Physical Geography / Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

II

DSC Introduction to Climatology 4 2 - 6 100 50 - 150Introduction to Remote Sensing 4 2 - 6 100 50 - 150

OE

Spatial Statistics / Fundamentals of Natural Disasters / Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) / Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

III

DSC Introduction to Oceanography 4 2 6 100 50 - 150DSC Geographic Information Systems 4 2 6 100 50 - 150

OEProgramming Fundamentals / Geography of India / Disaster Risk Reduction / Application of GIS & Remote Sensing

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

IV

DSC Introduction to Natural Hazards & Disasters 4 2 6 100 50 - 150

DSC Population Resources & Dynamics 4 2 6 100 50 - 150

OEPython Programming / Geography of Karnataka / Biogeography/ Population & Settlement Geography

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

V

DSC Watershed Management 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Spatial Data Analysis 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Droughts: Mitigation, Preparedness & Response 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100

VocVocational Course– 1Basics of Map aking/ Mobile Asset Mapping

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

VI

DSC Sustainable Water Resource Management 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Geo-surveying 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Digital Image Processing 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100

Voc Vocational Course – 2 Open Source GIS / Landscaping & Layout Mapping 3 - - 3 100 - - 100

Internship 2 - - 2 50 - - 50

VII

DSC Sustainable Cities & Communities 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Disaster Risk Reduction & Resilience 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100DSC Sustainable Rural Development 4 1 - 5 70 30 - 100

DSE

Development of Geographic Thought / Geography of India /Fundamentals of Physical Geography /Photogrammetry

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSE

WebGIS /Economic Geography /Political Geography /Introduction to Natural Resources

3 - - 3 100 - - 100


VIII

DSC Geospatial Tech. for Agriculture & Food Security 3 1 - 4 70 30 - 100DSC Regional Planning & Development 3 1 - 4 70 30 - 100DSC Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation 3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSE

Alternative Sources of Energy /Environmental Geography /Introduction to Hydrology /Fundamentals of Human Geography

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

DSE

Geography of Karnataka /Solid Waste Management /Urban Hazards Management /Disasters: Environmental & Social Impact

3 - - 3 100 - - 100

Research Project 6 - - 6 150 - - 150

IX

DSCForest Resource Management 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100Soil Resource Management 3 2 - 5 70 30 - 100Hyperspectral, Microwave & Lidar 3 1 - 4 70 30 - 100

DSE

Spatial Data Science /Crime GIS /Artificial Intelligence /Coastal Geography

3 - - 3 100 - - 100


XDSC

Research Project 6 - - 6 150 - - 150Field Visit 4 - - 4 100 - - 100Study Tour 4 - - 4 100 - - 100Internship 6 - - 6 150 - - 150

DSC: Discipline Specific Core, DSE: Discipline Specific Elective, OE: Open Elective, L+T+P: Lecture+Tutorial+Practical

Sem Discipline Specific Core (DSC) (Credits) (L+T+P)

Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) /

Open Elective (OE) (Credits) (L+T+P)

Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC), Languages

(L+T+P)

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)Total CreditsSkill-based

(Credits) (L+T+P)

Value-based (Credits) (L+T+P)

I

DSC-A1 Principles of Geomorphology (4+2)DSC-A2 Basics of Cartography (4+2)

OE-1.1 Mathematics for Geography/OE-1.2 Introduction to Natural Resources /OE-1.3 Physical Geography /OE-1.4 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (3)

L1-1 (3), L2-1 (3)(3+1+0 each)

NilSEC-1: Digital Fluency (2) (1+0+2)

Physical Education for Fitness (1) (0+0+2)

Health & Wellness (1) (0+0+2)

25

II

DSC-A3 Introduction to Climatology (4+2)DSC-A4 Introduction to Remote Sensing (4+2)

OE-2.1 Spatial Statistics /OE-2.2 Fundamentals of Natural Disasters /OE-2.3 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) /OE-2.4 Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation (3)

L2-1 (3), L2-1 (3)(3+1+0 each)

Environmental Studies (2)

Nil Physical Education - Yoga (1) (0+0+2)


25

Exit option with Certificate (50 Credits)

III

DSC-A5 Introduction to Oceanography (4+2)DSC-A6 Geographic Information Systems (4+2)

OE-3.1 Programming Fundamentals / OE-3.2 Geography of India /OE-3.3 Disaster Risk Reduction /OE-3.4 Application of GIS & Remote Sensing (3)

L1-3 (3), L2-3 (3)(3+1+0 each) Nil

SEC-2: Artificial Intelligence (2) (1+0+2)

Physical Education - Sports Skills (1) (0+0+2)


25

IV

DSC-A7 Introduction to Natural Hazards & Disasters (4+2)DSC-A8 Population Resources & Dynamics (4+2)

OE-4.1 Python Programming /OE-4.2 Geography of Karnataka / OE-4.3 Biogeography /OE-4.4 Population & Settlement Geography (3)

L1-4 (3), L2-4 (3)(3+1+0 each)

Constitution of India (2)

Nil



25

Exit option with Diploma (100 Credits)Choose any one Discipline as Major, the other as the Minor

V

DSC-A9 Watershed Management (3+2)DSC-A10 Spatial Data Analysis (3+2)DSC-A11 Droughts: Mitigation, Preparedness & Response(3+2)

Vocational – 1 (3)Voc 1.1 Basics of Map Making /Voc 1.2 Mobile Asset Mapping

Nil NilSEC-3: Such as Cyber Security (2) (1+0+2)



22

Program Structure for the Integrated M.Sc. Degree in Geography & Sustainable Developement (Geography, Natural Disaster Management & Geoinformatics)

VI

DSC-A12 Sustainable Water Resource Management (3+2)DSC-A13 Geo-surveying (3+2)DSC-A14 Digital Image Processing (3+2)

Vocational – 2 (3)Voc 2.1 Open Source GIS /Voc 2.2 Landscaping & Layout Mapping

Internship (2)

Nil Nil

SEC-4: Professional Communication (2)



24

Exit option with Bachelor of Science Degree (144 Credits)

VII

DSC-A15 Sustainable Cities & Communities (3+2)DSC-A16 Disaster Risk Reduction & Resilience (3+2) DSC-A17 Sustainable Rural Development (4)

DSE-A1.1 Development of Geographic Thought DSE-A1.2 Geography of India DSE-A1.3 Fundamentals of Physical Geography DSE-A1.4 Photogrammetry(If student is not willing to carry out Research Project or Internship he /she can elect any one from above for 3 credits and one from below pools for another 3 credits)DSE-A2.1 WebGIS DSE-A2.2 Economic Geography DSE-A2.3 Political Geography DSE-A2.4 Introduction to Natural Resources

Research Methodology (3)


VIII

DSC-A18 Geospatial Tech. for Agriculture & Food Security (3+1)DSC-A19 Regional Planning & Development (3+1)DSC-A20 Climate Change: Vulnerability & Adaptation (3)

DSE-A3.1 Alternative Sources of EnergyDSE-A3.2 Environmental GeographyDSE-A3.3 Introduction to HydrologyDSE-A3.4 Fundamentals of Human Geography

(Student can elect any one from above for 3 credits and one from below pools for another 3 credits)

DSE-A4.1 Geography of KarnatakaDSE-A4.2 Solid Waste Management DSE-A4.3 Urban Hazards Management DSE-A4.4 Disasters: Environmental & Social ImpactOR (Student willing to exit from here can opt RP)DSE-A5 Research Project (6)


Exit option with Award of Bachelor of Science Honours Degree (186 Credits)

IX

DSC-A21 Forest Resource Management (3+2)DSC-A22 Soil Resource Management (3+2)

DSC-A23 Hyperspectral, Microwave & Lidar (3+1)

DSE-A6.1 Spatial Data Science DSE-A6.2 Crime GISDSE-A6.2 Artificial IntelligenceDSE-A6.2 Coastal Geography(Student can elect any one from above pool for 3 credits)DSE-A7 Research Methodology (3)Note: Student can elect one more from above pool if he /she has already taken RM in previous semester.


XDSC-A24 Research Project (6)DSC-A25 Field Visit (4) DSC-A26 Study Tour (4)

DSE-8 Internship (6) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 20

Award of Integrated M.Sc. Degree in Geography & Sustainable Development (216 Credits)

Technical Skills and possible jobs after each exit during and after the program

Year Exit Level Credits Technical Skills Possible Jobs

I Certificate 50• Map Interpretation• Geomorphic Analysis• Climate Data Analysis & Interpretation

• Field Surveyor• Weather Data Analyst

II Diploma 100• Cartography• Statistics Analysis

• Field Surveyor• Cartographer

III Degree 142

• Cartography• GIS and Image Analysis• Tourism Management

• GIS Field Surveyor• GIS Trainee• Nature Conservation

Officer• School Teacher

IV Degree with Honors 182

• GIS & Image Analysis• Resource Management• Town Planning• Tourism Management

• Sustainability Consultant• Tourism officer• Transport planner• Cartographer• GIS Engineer• Environmental consultant• Geography Teacher• Geography Researcher

V Integrated M.Sc. Degree

216 Credits

• Geospatial Analysis.• Photogrammetry• Web GIS Developement

• Program Manager for Response and Recovery

• Security Analyst• Sustainability engineer• Urban planner• Landscape architect• Disaster Recovery Specialist• Disaster Recovery

Coordinator• Emergency Management

Policy Advisor.• GIS Developer/ Manager• Scientists

24

25

Integrated M.Sc. Semester 1

Title of the Course: DSC-A1 Principles of Geomorphology

Number of

Theory Credits

Number of lecture

hours/ semester

Number of practical

Credits

Number of practical

hours/ semesters

4 52 or 56 2 52 or 56

Course Outcomes: 1. After the completion of this course, students should be able to: 2. Define the field of Geomorphology and to explain the essential principles of it. 3. to outline the mechanism of dynamic nature of the Earth’s surface and interior of the

Earth. 4. to illustrate and explain the forces affecting the crust of the earth and its effect on it. 5. to understand the conceptual and dynamic aspects of landform development


1. to define the concepts in Geomorphology and Physical Geography 2. to introduce various concept to understand cycles of the solid Earth surface 3. to understand the dynamic nature of the Earth’s surface, various processes, and

landforms. 4. to study the impact human on geomorphic system.


Unit – 1 Geomorphology 13/14

Introduction to geography: physical and human geography

Introduction to Geomorphology: meaning, nature, development, and scope

Principles of Geomorphology

Geological Time Scale

Distribution of continents and oceans

Unit – 2 Systems and Cycles of the Solid Earth 13/14

Internal structure of the earth

Alfred Wegener’s continental drift

Theory of Isostacy: Views of Pratt and Airy

Convectional current theory and concept of sea floor spreading

Theory of Plate Tectonics: plate boundaries, subduction,



Unit – 3 The Dynamics of Earth 13/14

Earth’s Movements: Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces, Sudden and Diastrophic

movements- Epeirogenetic and Orogenetic Movements-Process of folding and faulting

Vulcanicity and earthquake

Rocks: Characteristics, types, importance, and rock cycle

Weathering: meaning, types and controlling factors

Mass Movement: meaning, controlling factors, types-landslides, rock-falls

Unit – 4 Evolution of Landforms 13/14

Evolution of Landforms

26

Landforms: meaning, types and factors controlling landforms development

Slope development: concept and types

Concept of Cycle of Erosion–W.M. Davis and W. Penck

Agents of Denudation: river; drainage patterns, groundwater, Sea waves, Wind and

Glaciers and resultant landforms.

Application of geomorphology: in India and Karnataka (Regional planning, Urban planning

and transportation, Mining, Hazard management, Agriculture and Environmental

management).

Textbooks

1. Ahmed E. (1985) Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

2. P Mallappa, Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

3. Ranganath Principles of Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

4. Nanjannavar S S: Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

5. Hugar M R Physical Geography part 1(Kannada Version)

6. Goudar M B, Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

7. Kolhapure and S S Nanjan, Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

References

1. Bloom A.L. (1978) Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms

Prentice – Hall of India, New Delhi.

2. Brunsden D. (1985) Geomorphology in the Service of Man: The Future of Geography,

Methnen, U.K.

3. Chorley, R.J., Schumm, S. A. and Sugden, D.E. 1984: Geomorphology, Methuen, London

4. Cooke, R.U. and Warren, 1973: Geomorphology in Deserts, Batsford, London

5. Dayal, P. 1996: Textbook of Geomorphology, Shukla Book Depot, Patna.

6. Goudie Anrew et.al. (1981) Geomorphological Techniques, George Allen &Unwin, London.

7. Homes A. (1965) Principles of Physical Geology, 3rd Edition, ELBSS Edn.

8. Strahler A.N. (1968) The Earth Sciences, Harper & Row Intl. Edn, New York

9. Thornberry W.D. (1969) Principles of Geomorphology 2nd Edition, Wiley Intl. Edn. & Wiley,

1984.

10. Verstappen H. (1983) Applied Geomorphology, Geomorphological Surveys for Environmental

Develop- ment, Elsevier, Amsterdam

Reference Websites

1. http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earth.htm

2. http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm

3. https://www.usgs.gov/

4. https://www.ksndmc.org/


Date 16/09/2021 Course Co-ordinator Subject Committee Chairperson

27

Geomorphology Practical


Exercise-1: Identification of Rocks and Minerals. Mineral samples: Iron ore, Bauxite ore and

Manganese. Rock Samples: Granite, Basalt, Lime Stones, Sandstone, quartzite, and marble.

Exercise-2: Extraction and interpretation of Geomorphic information from Topographical maps

Exercise-3: Preparation of contour map from toposheet, Construction of Relief Profiles-serial, Super

imposed, Projected & Composite.

Exercise-4: Slope Analysis - Slope Maps (Wentworth method) Slope (isotan and isosin) and aspect

maps & Hypsometric curve and integral

Exercise-5: Drainage Morphometry: delineation of watershed, stream ordering and Morphometric

analysis: mean stream length, drainage density and drainage frequency.

Field Work: Measurement of channel cross-sections in the field, Geomorphic map of channel bed,

Study of erosional and depositional features in the field.

Case Study: students must be taken to observe local land formation and degradation and write a

report on their effectiveness.

28

Integrated M.Sc. Semester 1

Title of the Course: DSC-A2 Basics of Cartography

Number of

Theory Credits

Number of lecture

hours/ semester

Number of practical

Credits

Number of practical

hours/ semesters

4 52 or 56 2 52 or 56

Course Outcomes: 1. Understating a map and map making process 2. Formulate the techniques involved in representing the 3d feature on 2d surface 3. Manage the methods involved in preparing visually appealing maps 4. Organisations involved in map making


1. Develop foundational knowledge and demonstrate applied skills in cartographic

principles and geo-spatial data visualization, design, and communication.

2. Analyze, interpret, and make measurements from topographic and thematic maps,

aerial photographs, and satellite imagery.


Unit – 1 Concept, scope & significance of Cartography 13/14

Growth & Development of cartography: Impact of Technology on Cartography. Map as

tool in Geographical studies Cartography as a science of human communication. Web

cartography. Types of maps: Thematic and composite mapping. Techniques of map

making: Choropleth, Isarthmic, Dasymetric, Chorochromatic, Choroschematic and Flow

maps. Data representation on maps: Pie diagrams, bar diagrams and line graphs. Map-

making process: Elements of generalization. Measurement of Geographical variables:

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio. Map symbolization.

Unit – 2 Shape of the Earth 13/14

Spheroid, Ellipsoid and Geoid. Geographic Coordinates: Latitude and Longitude.

Datum, Map projections: Properties, Distance, Direction and Angle, Selection of

appropriate map projection and types.

Unit – 3 Scope and objectives of map design 13/14

Controls of map design and constrains in map design. Map Scale: Statement,

Representative Fraction and Geographical Scales, Determining and scale. Ground Survey

and Positioning: Measuring distance, and direction, Traditional Survey methods, GPS.

Unit – 4 Types of Maps 13/14

Perception and Designing, Color theory, Color and Pattern Creation, Typography and

Lettering the map, Qualitative and Quantitative symbols Map compilation and map

layout, Future Cartography. Mapping organization and services in India: SOI, NATMO and

NRSC.

29

References

1. Monkhouse F.J. & H.R. Wilkinson (1952) Maps and Diagrams, their compilation and

concentration, Methuen & Co, London

2. . Harwell J.D & M.S. Newson (1973) Techniques in Physical Geography, Macmillan Edn. Ltd,

London.

3. Mishra R.P. & Ramesh A (1968) Fundamentals of Cartography, Prasaranga, University of

Mysore.

4. Menno-Jan Kraak&FerjanOrmeling (2003) Cartography Visualization of Geospatial Data,

Pearson Edn Pvt. Ltd. (Singapore) New Delhi.

5. Nag P (1992) Thematic Cartography and Remote Sensing, concept Publishing Co. New Delhi.

6. Tyner J., (1992). Introduction to Thematic Cartography, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliff, New

Jersey.

7. Robinson, A.H., Morrison J.L., Muehrcke P.C., Kimerling A.J., and Guptill S.C., (2009).

Elements of Cartography, New York, John Wiley and Sons. USA.

8. Kraack M.J., and Omeling F.J., (2015), Cartography: Visualization of Spatial Data (Third

Edition), Pearson Education Limited, England



Cartography Practical


Exercise 1: Representation of Data

Proportional symbols, Mono Dot Method, Multiple Dot Method, Circle Method, Sphere

Method, Cube Method, Choropleth Method, Isopleth Method, Choro-chromatic Method,

Choro-schematic maps, Block Pile Diagrams, Pie Diagrams, Flow diagrams

Exercise 2: Map Scale

Construction of the Map Scales, Map Scale Conversion

Exercise 3: Introduction to Topographical Maps

Interpretation of toposheet, Maps of Survey of India, marginal information of topographical

maps -all Signs and Symbols.

Excercise 4: Interpretation of SOI Topographical Maps

Relief, Drainage, Vegetation, Land use, means of communication and settlements

Excercise 4: Use of GPS

Collection of Locational Data using handheld GPS or Mobile GPS Apps

30

Integrated M.Sc. Semester I

Title of the Course: OE-1.1 Mathematics for Geography


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the students will: 1. Understand the foundations of mathematics. 2. Develop and maintain problem-solving skills. 3. Be able to write and understand basic proofs.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to 1. develop mathematical curiosity and use inductive and deductive reasoning when

solving problems. become confident in using mathematics to analyse and solve problems spatial in nature.

2. Students will feel a sense of accomplishment in their increasing ability to use mathematics to solve problems of interest to them or useful in their chosen fields. Students will attain more positive attitudes based on increasing confidence in their abilities to learn mathematics.

3. Students will learn to understand material using standard mathematical terminology and notation when presented either verbally or in writing.


Unit – 1 Matrices 13/14

Characteristic equation - Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a real matrix- Cayley-

Hamilton theorem - Reduction of a real symmetric matrix to diagonal form and reduction

of quadratic form to canonical form by orthogonal transformation.

Unit – 2 Analytical Geometry (3 dimensions) 13/14

Analytical Geometry (3 dimensions): Distance Division formulae - Direction Cosines and

direction ratios, planes - straight line - angle between planes / straight line - shortest

distance.

Unit – 3 Differential Calculus 13/14

Differential Calculus: Determination of nth derivatives of standard functions - Leibnitz's

theorem (without proof) and applications.

Unit – 4 Partial differentiation 13/14

Euler's theorem - Total differentiation, differentiation of composite and implicit functions

- Jacobians errors and approximations. Vector differentiation: Velocity, acceleration of a

vector point function - Gradient, Curl, Solenoidal, Irrotational fields and their properties.

31

References

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Grewal, B.S., Khanna Publishers, 1993.

2. Engineering Mathematics by Sastry, S.S., Vol. I and II, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd edition,

1994.

3. Elementary differential equations by Rainville, E.D. and Bedient, P.E., 6th edition.

4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Grewel, B.S., 33rd edition.

5. Differential Calculus by Shanthi Narayan, 13th edition.



32


Title of the Course: OE: 1.2 Introduction to Natural Resources


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the students will:

1. Understand concepts of different natural resources, its use, overuse, with its solution by natural resource management methods.

2. Appreciate the need for managing land and water resources for sustainable growth and development, managerial skills such as land evaluation and land classification.

3. Also, able to understand the causes and consequences of water stress and draw water conservation and management plans.


1. explain the types of natural resources that exist. 2. Study the role of government and different agencies in the natural resource

management 3. Study the threat to the natural resources and the policies to solve it.


Unit – 1 Concept of Resources 13/14

Meaning, Definition, importance and classification of Resources, Appraisal of Natural

Resources, Natural Resources Economics, History of Conservation, need for conservation

and Management of Natural Resources –Role of Government and NGO Agencies, Resource

Creating Factors. Environmental Risk- types, wildlife, forest risk and its impact on

environment and its management.

Unit – 2 Land Resources 13/14

Land Evaluation Methods, Land classification Methods, Land use and Land cover Mapping

changes. Issue related to land use change –Land use and population, Land use pattern in

the world. Land source at stress, land use planning and development. Soil erosion, soil

degradation, methods of conservation.

Unit – 3 Water Resources 13/14

Importance of water, Recent trends in water use in the world and in India, water crises,

(stress) causes and consequences of water stress or crises, methods of water

conservation, watershed management, coastal and ocean Resources management,

Fisheries Management

Unit – 4 Minerals Resources 13/14

Types of minerals, classifications of Major Minerals, their distribution and production.

Such as Petroleum, Coal, Iron ore, Bauxite and Copper etc, and its uses. Mineral

exploration methods, Mining, and its effects on environment. Mineral’s conservation and

mining policy

33

Text Books

References

1. Dr.Alka Gautham: Geography of Resources: Exploitation, Conservation and

Mangement, Sharada Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.

2. Dr.P.S.Negi: Geography of Resources: Kedarnath Ramnath Publishers, New Delhi

3. Dr.Rajashekara Shetty(2009): An Analysis of World Resources with reference to

India, Sarala Raj, Ria Publishers, Mysore

4. Khanna K.K and Gupta V.K.(1993): Economic and Commercial Geography, Sultan

Chand, New Delhi

5. Prof. Zimmerwan – World Resources and Industries

6. Roy, P.R(2001) Economic Geography – A Study of Resources, New Central Book

Agency, Calcutta.



34


Title of the Course: OE 1.3 Introduction to Physical Geography


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: 1. Students will be able to understand the fundamental concepts in Earth Sciences

2. understands basic terminology used to describe physical processes and landscape forms.

3. Describe elements of the atmosphere and the oceans


1. Study basic principles of the Earth Sciences

2. Understand the landforms, atmospheric elements and structure and basics of oceanography


Unit – 1 13/14

Origin, Shape and Size of the Earth, Movement of the Earth- Rotation and Revolution, Effects of the movement of Earth, Coordinates -Latitude, Longitude and Time. Structure of the Earth,

Unit - 2 13/14

Rocks - types, significance,

Weathering –types.

Agents of Denudation - River, Glacier, Wind and Under Ground water.

Volcanicity, Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Unit - 3 13/14

Structure and Composition of Atmosphere,

Weather and Climate.

Atmospheric Temperature, Heat Budget of the atmosphere

Atmospheric Pressure, Winds and Precipitation

Unit - 4 13/14

Distribution of Land and Sea, Submarine Relief of the Ocean, Temperature and Salinity of Sea Water. Ocean Tides, Waves and Deposits, Ocean currents - Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Marine Resources: Biotic, mineral and energy resources

References

1. B.S. Negi (1993) Physical Geography. S.J. Publication, Meerut

2. D.S. Lal (1998) Climatology. Chaitnya publishing house, Allahabad

3. K. Siddhartha (2001) Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Kisalaya publication, New Delhi

4. R.N. Tikka (2002) Physical Geography. Kedarnath Ramnath & co, Meerut

5. Willian D. Thornbury (1997) Principle of Geomorphology. New Age International (Pvt Ltd.)

New Delhi.



35


Title of the Course: OE 1.4 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing


3 39 or 42 Course Outcomes:

1. This course is to make understand the basic concepts of Remote Sensing and to impart necessary skills of remote sensing analysis, and image interpretation to the students. So that, students acquire employable skills in remote sensing.


Course Objectives:

1. To congregate the basic concepts and fundamentals of physical principles of remote sensing

2. To create a firm basis for successful integration of remote sensing in any field of application.

3. To study basics of digital image processing and image interpretation techniques.

4. To study the applications of the remote sensing to solve the real-world problems.



Definition of Remote Sensing, developmental stages, Laws of Physics, electromagnetic

waves, spectrum, regions, wavelength, frequencies, and applications. Types-Satellites,

Sensors, Payloads, Orbits, telemetry of satellites.

Process and types of Remote Sensing 13/14

Process of remote sensing, interaction of radiation with atmosphere and targets,

atmospheric noises, attenuation in radiance, resolutions of remote sensing, optical remote

sensing, visible region of the spectrum, thermal remote sensing, microwave remote

sensing, Hyperspectral remote sensing, LiDAR, and other remote sensing platforms.

Unit – 3 Image Classification and Interpretation 13/14

Satellite products and its spectral characteristics, composite images, band ratios; Land use

land cover classification schemes-Anderson and NRSC; Visual image interpretation,

elements, stages of interpretation and interpretation keys. Image classification-

supervised, unsupervised, and principal component analysis (PCA) and accuracy

assessment.


Disaster Management, Meteorological Studies, Agricultural and Irrigation Studies, Forestry

Studies, Hydrological Studies, Natural Resource, Oceanic and Coastal mapping, Soil

resource mapping, Urban and Rural Mapping and Management.

References

1. Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective (Prentice Hall Series in Geographic Information Science) - Second Edition (2006), John Jensen

2. Remote Sensing and GIS, Second Edition (2011), Bhatta, B. 3. Introduction to Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation (2003); Lillesand T.M.

36

4. Remote sensing and image interpretation (2015); Chipman, Jonathan W., Kiefer, Ralph W., Lillesand

5. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition (2011); James B. Campbell, Randolph H. Wynne

6. Practical handbook of remote sensing, First Edition (2016) - Lavender, Andrew, Lavender, Samantha

7. Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Fourth Edition (2015) - John R. Jensen

8. Image processing and GIS for remote sensing: techniques and applications; Second Edition (2016) - Liu, Jian-Guo, Mason, Philippa J

14. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ce41/preview



WEB RESOURCES

1. Projections: https://map-projections.net/imglist.php 2. Textbook of Canadian Remote Sensing

https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/earthsciences/pdf/resource/tutor/fundam/pdf/fundamentals_e.pdf

3. ITC Netherlands, Principles of Remote Sensing 4. https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/librarywww/papers_2009/general/principlesremotesensing.

pdf

REFERENCES: MOOC

5. Remote Sensing - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/108/105108077/ 6. Introduction to Remote Sensing https://nptel.ac.in/courses/121/107/121107009/ 7. Digital Image Processing of Remote Sensing Data -

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/107/105107160/ 8. Remote Sensing and GIS - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/103/105103193/ 9. Remote Sensing Essentials - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/107/105107201/ 10. Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications -

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/101/105101206/ 11. Basics of Remote sensing, GIS & GNSS technology and their applications 12. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/aic20_ge05/preview 13. Remote Sensing and GIS

37

Integrated M.Sc. Semester II

Title of the Course: DSC-A3 Climatology

Number of

Theory Credits

Number of lecture

hours/ semester

Number of practical

Credits

Number of practical

hours/ semesters

4 52 or 56 2 52 or 56

Course Outcomes:

After the completion of this course, students should be able to 1. define the field of climatology and to understand the atmospheric composition and structure. 2. to outline the mechanism and process of solar radiation transfer to earth surface and to explain

the temperature distribution and variation according to time and space. 3. to illustrate and explain the air pressure system, wind regulating forces and the formation of the

Atmospheric Disturbance.

4. to understand and compute the air humidity as well as to explain the process of Condensation and formation of precipitation and its types.


1. to define the field of climatology and components of the climate system

2. to introduce various dimensions of climatology like structure and composition.

3. to understand the global atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind system.

4. to study the concept of atmospheric moisture and its types


Unit – 1 Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere 13/14

Nature and Scope of Climatology,

Atmospheric Sciences; Climatology and Meteorology

Origin and structure of the Atmosphere: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,

Ionosphere, Exosphere and their characteristics.

Composition of the atmosphere

Weather and Climate

Unit – 2 Atmospheric Temperature 13/14

Insolation: Definition, Mechanism, Solar Constant.

Factors affecting the Insolation: Angle of incidence, length of the day, Sunspots, Distance

between the earth and the sun, effect of the atmosphere.

Heating and cooling process of the atmosphere-Radiation, Conduction, convection, and

advection.

Temperature: meaning and Influencing Factors on the Distribution of

Temperature

Distribution of the temperature: Vertical, Horizontal, and Inversion of temperature.

Global Energy Budget: Incoming shortwave solar radiation, Outgoing Longwave Terrestrial

radiation, Albedo. Net Radiation and Latitudinal Heat Balances.

Unit – 3 Atmospheric Pressure and Winds 13/14

Atmospheric Pressure: Influencing factors on atmospheric pressure.

Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of the atmospheric pressure and

Pressure Belts, Pressure Gradient.

Tri-cellular-Hadley, Ferrel’s and Polar Cells.

38

Winds: influencing factors, Types - planetary, seasonal, local wind

Variable winds-Cyclones and anti-cyclones.

Air-Masses and Fronts: Definition, Nature, Source Regions, Classification.

Unit – 4 Atmospheric Moisture 13/14

Humidity: Sources, influencing factors and types-Absolute, Relative and

Specific.

Hydrological cycle: process of evaporation, condensation. Clouds and its types

Precipitation and its forms.

Climate Change: Causes and consequences, recent issues-floods, drought,

Textbooks

1. Lal, D. S. (1998). Climatology. Allahabad: Chaitanya Publishing House. 2. P Mallappa, Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 3. Ranganath Principles of Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 4. Nanjannavar S S: Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 5. Hugar M R Physical Geography part 1(Kannada Version) 6. Goudar M B, Physical Geography (Kannada Version) 7. Kolhapure and S S Nanjan, Physical Geography (Kannada Version)

References

8. Lutgens, Frederic K. & Tarbuck, Edward J. (2010). The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

9. Oliver, John E. & Hidore, John J. (2003). Climatology: An Atmospheric Science. Delhi: Pearson Education.

10. Singh, S. (2005). Climatology. Allahabad: Prayag Pustak Bhawan. 11. Barry, R.G. and Chorley, R.J. (2003): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate; Psychology

Press, Hove; East Sussex. 12. Critchfield, H.J., (1975): general Climatology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 13. Mather,J.R.(1974): Climatology: Fundamentals and Applications; Mc Craw Hill Book

Co., U.S.A. 14. Rumney, G.R. (1968): Climatology and the World Climates, Macmillan, London. 15. Trewartha, G.T. (1980): An Introduction to Climate; McGraw Hill, New York, 5th

edition, (International Student Edition)

Reference Websites

1. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

2. https://mausam.imd.gov.in/

3. https://www.weatheronline.in/

4. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

5. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/satellite.php



39

Climatology Practical


Conduct all exercises with Goal, Procedure, devices, and findings.

Exercise 1: Structure and functions of the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).

Exercise 2: Collection of temperature data from IMD website.

Exercise 3: Plotting of downloaded temperature data using graphical methods-line graph.

Exercise 4: Centigrade and Fahrenheit thermometer for measuring temperature.

Exercise 5: Mercurial Barometer and Aneroid Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure

Exercise 6: Wind Vane and cup-anemometer.

Exercise 7: Wet and Dry bulb thermometer for measuring humidity

Exercise 8: Rainguage- Dial type for measuring rainfall Exercise 3: Rainfall Trend Analysis (monthly

and annual) Exercise 4: Interpretation of Indian Daily Weather charts.

Note: Students are expected to download weather charts of the four seasons.

40


Title of the Course: DSC-A4 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

Number of

Theory Credits

Number of lecture

hours/ semester

Number of practical

Credits

Number of practical

hours/ semesters

4 52 or 56 2 52 or 56 Course Outcomes:

3. This course is to make understand the basic concepts of Remote Sensing and to impart necessary skills of remote sensing analysis, and image interpretation to the students. So that, students acquire employable skills in remote sensing.


Course Objectives:

5. To congregate the basic concepts and fundamentals of physical principles of remote sensing

6. To create a firm basis for successful integration of remote sensing in any field of application.

7. To study basics of digital image processing and image interpretation techniques.

8. To study the applications of the remote sensing to solve the real-world problems.


Unit – 1 Introduction to Remote Sensing 13/14

Definition and components, History of Remote Sensing, Electromagnetic Magnetic

Spectrum, Basics of wave theory, Particle theory, Stefan Boltzman law - Wiens-

Displacement Law, Interaction of EMR with the atmosphere and with the surface feature,

Atmospheric window, spectral reflectance of land covers (minerals, rocks, water,

vegetation, and urban area).

Sensors and platforms 13/14

Types of orbits- sun synchronous and geo synchronous, Sources of energy, Classification of

remote sensors- Active, Passive, Electro-mechanical and optical sensors. Resolution

concept - Spectral, Radiometric, and temporal resolution. Platform types and

characteristics, Launch of space vehicles. Angular characteristics-FOV and IFOV,

pushbroom and whiskbroom cameras, Panchromatic, multi spectral, hyperspectral

scanners, geometric characteristics of the imageries. Advanced Remote Sensing:

Microwave, Radar (Scatterometer, Radiometer, and Altimeter), Lidar and Thermal.

Unit – 3 Fundamentals of Aerial Photography 13/14

Elements, Types and interpretation of Aerial photography, Principles, Classification of

Aerial photographs on the basis of Height and Tilt, Scales, Components of camera, film,

Aerial platforms. Elements of Aerial photo interpretation, Digital and Analog data, Image

formats, Stereo pairs, Applications of Aerial Photography


International remote sensing centers, Indian remote sensing centers and their activities,

new satellite programs of India. Land observation satellites, Meteorological satellites,

Marine observation satellites. Remote Sensing Applications in various Fields.

41

References

9. Lillesand T.M and Kiefer R.W, Remote Sensing and Image interpretation, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Canada.

10. Jensen J.R, (2012), Remote Sensing of Environment: An Earth Resources Perspective, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

11. Elachi C and van Zyl J.J, (2006). Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing, John Wiley & Sons, Canada.

12. Joseph G, (2005), Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, 2nd Edition, Universities Press (India) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad.

13. Narayan L R A, (1999), Remote sensing and its Applications, Universities Press (India) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad.

14. Rampal K.K, (1999), Hand book of Aerial Photography and Interpretation, Concept Publishing Co, New Delhi.

15. Avery T.E and Berlin G.L, (1992), Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Air Photo Interpretation, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

16. Sabins, F.F.Jr, (1987), Remote Sensing; Principles and Interpretation, 2nd Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co, New York.

17. John R. Jensen: Remote sensing of the Environment. Pearson education publication 18. 19. Jensen, John R., 2005, Introductory Digital Image Processing, 3rd Ed., Upper Saddle

River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 526 pages. 20. Principles of Remote Sensing – An Introductory Textbook by W. H. Bakker et al 21. 22. Frontiers of Remote Sensing Information Processing. by: C. H. Chen 23. http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Front/tofc.html. 24. http://earthobsevatory.nasa.gov/Library/RemoteSensing



WEB RESOURCES

15. Projections: https://map-projections.net/imglist.php 16. Textbook of Canadian Remote Sensing

https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/earthsciences/pdf/resource/tutor/fundam/pdf/fundamentals_e.pdf

17. ITC Netherlands, Principles of Remote Sensing 18. https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/librarywww/papers_2009/general/principlesremotesensing.

pdf

REFERENCES: MOOC

19. Remote Sensing - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/108/105108077/ 20. Introduction to Remote Sensing https://nptel.ac.in/courses/121/107/121107009/ 21. Digital Image Processing of Remote Sensing Data -

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/107/105107160/ 22. Remote Sensing and GIS - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/103/105103193/ 23. Remote Sensing Essentials - https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/107/105107201/ 24. Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications -

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/101/105101206/ 25. Basics of Remote sensing, GIS & GNSS technology and their applications 26. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/aic20_ge05/preview 27. Remote Sensing and GIS

42

Remote Sensing Practical


Exercise 1: Introduction to Aerial Photographs

Marginal information of Aerial photo product,

Exercise 2: Stereo Scope Viewing

Pocket stereoscope

Mirror stereoscope

Exercise 3: Interpretation of the Aerial Photographs

Visual interpretation keys. Interpretation of the Geomorphology, Transportation and

settlements using Aerial Photographs

Exercise 5: Satellite Image Interpretation

True Color Composite images, False Color Composite images, Interpretation of the

Land Use Land Cover, Geomorphology using satellite images

43

BA/BSc Semester 2

Title of the Course: OE 2.1 Spatial Statistics


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the students will be:

1. Describe and discuss the key terminology, concepts tools and techniques used in

2. statistical analysis

3. Understand and critically discuss the issues surrounding sampling and significance

4. Solve a range of problems using the techniques covered

5. Conduct basic statistical analysis of data.

Course Objectives:

This course aims to

1. To develop the student’s ability to deal with numerical and quantitative issues in

Geography.

2. To enable the use of statistical, graphical, and algebraic techniques wherever

relevant.

3. To have a proper understanding of Statistical applications in Geography.



Statistical Methods for Geography - Scientific method and mathematical notation -

Descriptive Statistics - Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode -

Measures of Dispersion: Range, Variance, Standard Deviation, z-score, Skewness, Kurtosis

and Histograms.

Unit – 2 Probability 13/14

Probability Concepts - Discrete Probability Distributions: Uniform, Binomial and Poisson

Distributions - Continuous Probability Distributions - Probability Models - Central Limit

Theorem and Confidence Intervals

Unit – 3 Hypothesis Testing and Sampling 13/14

Sources of Data - Sampling - Hypothesis Testing: z-test and t-test - Analysis of Variance

(ANOVA).

Unit – 4 Correlation and Regression 13/14

Covariance - Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient - Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient –

Correlation and Geographic Problems -Regression Analysis.

References

1. Rogerson, P. A. (2001) Statistical Methods for Geography, Sage Publications, New

Delhi.

44

2. Pal, S. K. (1998) Statistics for Geoscientists, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

3. Hammond, P. and McCullagh, P. S., (1978) Quantitative Techniques in Geography:

An Introduction,Oxford University Press, New York.

4. S.C. Gupta (2018) Fundamentals of Statistics, 7th edition, Himalaya Publishing

House.Pedagogy



45


Title of the Course: OE 2.2 Fundamentals of Natural disasters


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: Students will be able to

1. Understand the basics concepts in natural disasters 2. Study types of natural disasters and their effects

Course Objectives: 1. The paper is intended to provide a general concept in the dimensions of disasters

caused by nature beyond the human control. 2. Introduce a holistic classification of natural disasters considering the Earth Sciences

3. Demonstrate the devastating effect of natural disasters to society;


Unit – 1 Introduction to Natural Disaster 13/14

meaning, definition, and scope.

Lithosphere and Natural Disasters

Earthquakes and volcanoes,

Landslides and Avalanches

Unit – 2 Atmosphere and Natural Disasters 13/14

Heat wave and wildfire

Cloud burst, hailstorm,

Drought and famines

Hydrosphere and Natural Disaster 13/14

Tsunami

Hurricanes and cyclones

Floods and flash floods

Biosphere and Natural Disasters 13/14

Epidemics and pandemics

Covid -19 and its effects

Techniques and technology to mitigate natural disasters

References

1. Dr. Mrinalini Pandey Disaster Management Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Tushar Bhattacharya Disaster Science and Management McGraw Hill Education (India)

Pvt. Ltd.

3. Jagbir Singh Disaster Management: Future Challenges and Opportunities K W

Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

4. J. P. Singhal Disaster Management Laxmi Publications.

46

5. Shailesh Shukla, Shamna Hussain Biodiversity, Environment and Disaster Management

Unique Publications

6. C. K. Rajan, Navale Pandharinath Earth and Atmospheric Disaster Management: Nature

and Manmade B S Publication



47


Title of the Course: OE 2.3 Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: 1. This course is to make understand the basic concepts of Climate-Weather systems

and to impart necessary skills of Climate change, and its impact on earth systems to the students. So that, students acquire basic understanding of the climate systems of the earth and to study the applications of the Geoinformatics to study the climate change.

Course Objectives: 1. to provide a sound understanding of the economics of climate change from multiple

viewpoints 2. Demonstrate knowledge of the projected impacts of climate change and potential

strategies 3. for alleviating their negative impacts. 4. Define key terms (e.g., adaptation, resilience, vulnerability, mainstreaming)

5. Study application of the Geoinformatics in the Climate Change and Adaptation


Unit – 1 Introduction to Climate Change 13/14

Meaning and concept of climate change.

Origin of atmosphere. Concepts of weather and climate.

Evidence of Climate Change: Historical and current weather and climate events:

Meteorological, Lithogenic and biological, Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse Gases, Global

Warming.

Extreme weather and climate event: Drought, Extreme Heat, Extreme precipitation,

Hurricanes, Tornadoes and Wildfire.

Unit – 2 Causes and Effect of climate change 13/14

Natural cause: Solar variation, Volcanic eruption, ocean currents, Earth orbital change and

internal variability

Human causes: Burning fossil fuel, Deforestation, Intensive Agriculture, and industries.

Impacts of climate change: Water resources, agriculture, human health, vegetation,

economy and El nino, La Nina and Arctic Oscillation

International efforts to control the climate change: UNFCC its policy framework and

provisions, Earth Summit Rio-de-Janeiro, World summit, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen

summit and Doha Conference

Unit – 3 Climate change Vulnerability and Adaptation 13/14

Meaning and type of vulnerability

Meaning, Definition, and types of adaptation

Approaches of adaptation and Adaptation Strategies.

Adaptation in different sectors: Agriculture, Forest, Water resources, Biodiversity, Disaster

Risk Management

Unit – 4 Vulnerability Assessment and climate change mitigation 13/14

Climate change vulnerability assessment

48

Global Initiatives to climate change mitigation: Kyoto Protocol, carbon trading, clean

development mechanism, COP.

Indian initiative to support climate change mitigation: Improving energy efficiency,

Diversification of energy sources, Modifying industrial processes, a multipronged strategy

for sustainable development and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in India.

Case studies: MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment 16 Guarantee Act)

potential of generating co-benefits, Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) or Ecokiln

References

1. Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World, 2nd edn., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge

University Press (2013) Jonathan I. Lunine.

2. Evolution of the Earth, McGraw-Hill Education; 8th edition (2009) DonaldProthero,

Robert Dott, Jr.

3. A Textbook of Climatology, Wisdom Press (2015) Tapas Bhattacharya

4. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing, Cambridge University Press; 4th edition

(2009), John Houghton

5. K.Siddahartha (2020): Climatology, Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Kitaba Mahal

Publication, New Delhi.

6. K.Siddahartha and others (2014): Basic Physical Geography Kishalaya Publications

Pvt, Publication , New Delhi.

7. Satapathy. S: Adaptation to Climate Change with a Focus on Rural Areas and India.

Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests, Director of the Climate Change Division.

8. IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007b: Food, fibre and forest

products. In: Parry, M.L.; Canziani, O.F.; Palutikof, J.P.; van der Linden, P.J.;

Hanson, C.E.: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.

Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

9. Patricia Butler, Chris Swanston, Maria Janowiak, Linda Parker, Matt St. Pierre, and

Leslie Brandt:Adaptation strategies and Approaches.

10. Ministry of Environment and Forest Government of India: Adaptation to Climate

Change with a Focus on Rural Areas and India

11. Neelam Rana, Anand Kumar, Kavita Syal and Mustafa Ali Khan: Climate Change

Mitigation in India

Web Resources

1. IEA Training Material: Vulnerability and Climate Change Impact Assessment for

Adaptation.

2. http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2010/iea_training_vol_2_via.pdf

3. Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation.

4. http://www.oecd.org/dac/43652123.pdf

5. Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Development Planning: A Guide for

Practitioners.

6. http://www.unep.org/pdf/mainstreaming-cc-adaptation-web.pdf

7. CGE Climate Change Training Materials.

8. http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-

annex_i_natcom/training_material/methodological_documents/items/349.php

49

9. Compendium on Methods and Tools to Evaluate Impacts of, and Vulnerability and

Adaptation to, Climate Change.

10. http://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_pub

lications/items/5457.php

11. Centre for climate and Energy solutions. https://www.c2es.org/content/extreme-

weather-and-climate-change/

12. https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment/history-of-climate-

change

13. ghttp://www.ozcoasts.org.au/glossary/images/VulnerabilityDiag_AllenConsulting.jpg

14. ghttp://ccafs.cgiar.org/news/media-centre/climatehotspots

15. ghttp://www.oecd.org/document/24/0,3746,en_2649_34421_45619928_1_1_1_1,00.

html

16. ghttp://pmindia.nic.in/Pg01-52.pdf

17. https://www.checinternational.org/climate-change-mitigation-adaptation-resilience/



50


Title of the Course: DE 2.4: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)


3 39 or 42

Course Outcomes: 1. Students are trained to adapt the theoretical concepts in a practical way through the

mathematical models of geography.

2. Students will have the hands-on training on various modes of spatial and non-spatial data

collection, data storage, data analytics, data interpretation and data display through the

thematic maps.

3. Students are exposed on spatial thinking to solve the geographical problems with range of

proven mathematical and statistical models.

4. Students can employ in various corporate and government organisation where they deal to

solve geographical problems.


1. Understand the concept and techniques of the Geographic Information Systems.

2. Define the GIS data types and structures.

3. Study geo processing and visualization concepts and techniques in GIS.


Unit – 1 Introduction 10

Emergence of GI Science, Milestone and Developmental stages in GIS, Definition, scope,

role of GIS in digital world; Components, functionalities, merits and demerits, global

market, interdisciplinary domains, and its integration with GIS.

Unit – 2 Geodesy and Spatial Mathematics 10

Cartesian coordinates, latitude, longitudes, formats of angular units, geographical

coordinates, Datum: WGS84, vs NAD32. UTM, Aerial Distance measurement using

Geographic and projected coordinates, Area, Perimeter, length by coordinates and various

international measures.

Unit – 3 GIS Data and Scale 10

Spatial Data and its structures; sources and types of data collection; data errors, topology

of data and relationship. Large Scale vs Small Scale, generalization; precision and accuracy

of data-logical consistency and non-spatial data integration

Unit – 4 Geoprocessing and Visualization 12

Spatial and Non-Spatial Queries, proximity analysis, Preparation of Terrain and Surface

models. Hotspot and density mapping. Types of maps, thematic maps and its types, relief

maps, flow maps and cartograms. Tabulations: Graphs and Pivot tables.

References

1. An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems - Ian Heywood (2011)

51

2. Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective - Aronoff, S. (1989)

3. GIS - Fundamentals, Applications, and Implementations - Elangovan, K. (2006)

4. Introduction to Geographical Information Systems - Chang, Kang-Tsung (2015)

5. Remote Sensing and GIS - Bhatta, B. (2011)

6. Mathematical Modelling in Geographical Information System, Global Positioning

System and Digital Cartography - Sharma, H.S. (2006)

7. Spatial analysis and Location-Allocation Models - Ghosh, A. and G. Rushton (1987)

8. Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modelling - Tomlin, C.D. (1990)

9. Geographic Information Systems and Science - Paul A. Longley, et. al. (2015)

10. Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modelling - Clarke, C., K. (2002)

Reference Websites

1. IIRS MOOC programme: https://isat.iirs.gov.in/mooc.php 2. ITC Netherlands, Principles of GIS

https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/librarywww/papers_2009/general/principlesgis.pdf 3. Geographical Information Systems: Principles, Techniques, Management and

Applications https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/~gisteac/gis_book_abridged/



structure & detailed syllabus nep-2020 & cbcs

Documents