structure of the atom or lets get up and atom chemical symbols nucleus/ clouds subatomic particles...
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Structure of the Atomor “Let’s Get up and Atom”
Chemical Symbols
Nucleus/ clouds
Subatomic Particles
Atomic Terms
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Chemical Symbols
Capitals matter! Element symbols contain ONE capital letter
followed by lowercase letter(s) if necessary.
Co vs. COMetal that
forms bright blue solid
compounds.
Poisonous gas.
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Subatomic Particles
POSIT IVECHARG E
PROT ONS
NEUT RALCHARG E
NEUT RONS
NUCLEUS
NEG AT IVE CHARG E
ELECT RONS
AT OM
Most of the atom’s mass. Atomic Numberequals the # of...
in a neutral atom
NUCLEUS ELECTRONS
PROTONS NEUTRONS NEGATIVE CHARGE
POSITIVE CHARGE
NEUTRAL CHARGE
ATOM
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Subatomic Particles
Quarks
• 6 types
• 3 quarks = 1 proton or 1 neutron
He
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II. Electron Clouds (shells) Contain electrons (-)
Orbital
Energy Levels
Bohr Model Diagrams
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Orbital
Region where there is 90% probability of finding an electron.
Can’t pinpoint the location of an electron.
Density of dots represents degree of probability.
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Orbitals have different shapes.
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Energy Levels
Electrons can only exist at certain energy levels.
Low energy levels are close to the nucleus.
Each energy level (n) can hold 2n2 electrons.
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Bohr Model Diagrams
Simplified energy levels using Bohr’s idea of circular orbits.
e-
e-
Maximum e-
Level 1 2e-
Level 2 8e-
Level 3 18e-
Level 4 32e-
Lithium Atomic #: 3 Mass: 7
# of p: 3 # of e: 3 # of n: 4
p
pn
nn n
p
e-
Can replace with:
3p4n
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Bohr Model Activity
Choose a number between 1 & 18. Find your element by the atomic number you picked. Draw a Bohr Model diagram for your element on your marker board.
• Round off the mass listed on the table and subtract the atomic # to find the # of neutrons.• Abbreviate the # of ‘p’ and ‘n’ in the nucleus.
Have a partner check your drawing. Repeat with a new element.
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Atomic terms
Atomic Number (Z)
Mass Number (A)
Atomic Mass unit (amu)
Isotopes
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Atomic Number (Z): Number of Protons
In a neutral atom the # of protons = number of electrons
P+ = e- 14+ = 14-
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Mass Number
Total # of nucleons (protons + neutrons) in nucleus of atom.
# of P+ (+) # of n-
Always a whole number.
# of neutrons = A - Z
# of neutrons = mass # - atomic #
© Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
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Atomic Mass
atomic mass unit (amu) = unit to describe the mass of an atom
1 u u = 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom
1 proton = 1 u1 u 1 neutron = 1 u1 u
1 u u = 1.67 10-24 g
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© Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
ParticleParticle SymbolSymbol ChargeCharge Mass in amuMass in amu Mass in grams
Electron e" -1 1/1 840 amu 9.11 x 109.11 x 10-28-28gg
Proton P+ +1 1 amu 1.67 x 101.67 x 10-24-24gg
Neutron N+- or n0 0 1 amu 1.67 x 10 1.67 x 10 -24-24gg
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We’ve only just begun…….