AnS 214Exam 2 Review

StructuresHormones

and Enzymes

Respiration Diagrams Misc.

10 10 10 10 10

20 20 20 20 20

30 30 30 30 30

40 40 40 40 40

50 50 50 50 50

Structures - 10

• Name the three parts of the small intestine in order.

Nervous System – 10

• Duodenum• Jejunum• Ileum

Structures - 20

• What is the structure that keeps the alveoli sterile?

Structures – 20

• Macrophages

Structures - 30

• What is the structure that induces coughing if anything touches it?

• Where is this structure located?

Structures – 30

• Carina• Top of the bronchi

Structures - 40

• Name four accessory organs.

Structures – 40

• Teeth• Tongue• Pancreas• Liver• Gall Bladder• Salivary Glands

Structures - 50

• Trace a piece of food through the entire digestive tract. Include accessory organs and how they participate in digestion.

Structures – 50

• Mouth – teeth, tongue, salivary glands• Esophagus• Stomach – parietal, chief, enteroendocrine cells• Duodenum – liver/gall bladder, pancreas• Jejunum• Ileum• Cecum• Colon• Rectum• Anus

Hormones and Enzymes - 10

• What are two hormones produced by the pancreas?

Hormones and Enzymes – 10

• Insulin• Glucagon

Hormones and Enzymes - 20

• What are three proteases found at the brush border?

Hormones and Enzymes – 20

• Trypsin• Chymotrypsin• Carboxypeptidase

Hormones and Enzymes - 30

• Name two substances that digest fat and where they are active.

Hormones and Enzymes – 30

• Lingual lipase – stomach• Bile – Duodenum• Pancreatic Lipase - Duodenum

Hormones and Enzymes - 40

• What enzymes are involved in the digestion of proteins and how do they work?

Hormones and Enzymes – 40

• Carboxypeptidase attacks from the carboxyl end

• Aminopeptidase attacks from the amine end• Dipeptidase breaks didpeptides

Hormones and Enzymes - 50

• Name five substances that inhibit gastric motility and secretion.

Hormones and Enzymes – 50

• CCK• Secretin• Serotonin• Somatostatin• Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

Respiration - 10

• What is the function of the upper respiratory system?

Respiration – 10

• Filter• Heat• Humidify

Respiration - 20

• Define total dead space.

Respiration – 20

• Anatomical dead space and alveolar dead space

Respiration - 30

• What is Henry’s law and why is it important in breathing?

Respiration – 30

• Amount of gas dissolved in a liquid depends on solubility of gas, temperature of liquid, and partial pressure of the gas

• Describes amount of dissolved O2

Respiration - 40

• Explain the importance of surfactant.

Respiration – 40

• Reduces surface tension in lungs and keeps them from collapsing

Respiration - 50

• What is the alveolar ventilation rate?

Respiration – 50

• Frequency X (total volume – dead space)

Diagrams - 10

• Draw an alveoli from the outside

Diagrams – 10

Diagrams - 20

• Show/Explain the structures in the small intestine to increase surface area

Diagrams – 20

Diagrams - 30

• Draw an alveoli from the inside

Diagrams – 30

Diagrams - 40

• Diagram the process of HCl production

Diagrams – 40

Diagrams - 50

• Draw the oxyhemoglobin curve and explain what will shift it to the right.

Diagrams – 50

Misc. - 10

• What is your favorite example Dr. Selsby has given in class?

Misc. – 10

• Saltine cracker experiment

Misc. - 20

• Name one component of saliva

Misc. – 20

• Mucus• Water• Ig A• Lysozyme• Lingual lipase• Salivary amylase• Electrolytes

Misc. - 30

• How many oxygens can hemoglobin bind?

Misc. – 30

• 4

Misc. - 40

• Describe the difference between peristalsis and segmentation

Misc. – 40

• Peristalsis moves food along• Segmentation mixes food

Misc. - 50

• Explain one connection between the respiratory system and the digestive system.

Misc. – 50

• CO2 is required for HCl production