TITTLE :

Struktur ekonomi pada era awal

kedatangan Islam

Aktiviti ekonomi(pekerjaan) di zaman

Rasulullah S.A.W dan pemerintahan

Khulafa Ar-Rasyidin

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Definition of Islamic Economic

• Knowledge and application and rules of the

Shari’ah that prevent injustice in the requisition

and disposal of material resources in order to

provide satisfaction to human being and enable

them to perform they obligation to Allah and

society

Objective

i) Community’s economy welfare and fulfill life

necessities

ii) Income distribution that is equitable

Economic structure before Islamic period

Arab community living on ‘Zaman jahiliyah’

The trade sector was monopolised by Arabic

Business based on usury

- Usury means taking property for another property of the same

type unequally.

Cheating in selling-buying

Gambling widely

Corruption

-

Economic structure after Islamic period

Existences of tax

- Revenue of the Baitul Mal as decided by Shar’a are

enough to manage affairs of the citizens and to look after

their interest

Tax of Jizyah

- paid by non-Muslims

- to gain political protection and security

Tax of Kharaj

– land tax imposed on the conquered land

• Zakat

- compulsory for the Muslims

- Divide into 2:

Zakat harta – payment on the property

Zakat fitrah- required by the Prophet in Ramadan

with a fixed rate of staple food to those who are

eligible.

• Business based on usury, oppression and corruption

eliminated in the business

Economic Activity In The Days Prophet S.A.W

• 1) Dealer/Traders and Farmer

- Grain,gold,corn and Kurma

a) measures and weights

- adjusting the units of measures

and weights

‘ Dan sempurnakanlah sukatan dan timbangan

dengan adil’ (Surah al-An’am 6:152)

b) Speculation

• A gambling activity done without the existence of

money or goods exchange

• Increase or decrease the price of the stocks at the

local and international market.

Types of speculation

Munabazah- Practice of selling clothes to the customers by

throwing it without the customer having the time to look and see

Mulamasah- Practice of selling clothes with simply touching it before buyers could see.

Muhaqilah- Practice of selling corn that is still attached to the stem to be

exchanged with clean corn

Mukhadarah- Selling items still unripe

Muzabanah- The sale of date

palm(kurma) has yet to be processed in exchange for fresh date palm ( already

processed) and sale of fruit that is still unripe on the tree.

• 2) Government Employees

Wage

- The price paid to labour services in the production

process

- Based on the principles of justice and equility

- Prophet said :‘ Bagi seorang kakitangan kerajaan, jika dia belum berkahwin ,dia haruslah berkahwin,jika dia tidak mempunyai pembantu,jika dia tidak mempunyai rumah kediaman,dia hendaklah dibina sebuah rumah, dan sesiapa yang mendapat lebih daripada hadis ini, dia merupakan seorang perompak atau pencuri”.

- The government responsibility to fullfill the

actual and practical needs of their workers

- The employers should not claim wages (from

Baitulmal) above their actual needs

Economic activity in the days of Khulafa Ar-Rasyidin

• Agriculture

Irrigation plays an important role in the development

and expansion of agriculture

The importance of especially in countries that adopt

cash crop are entirely dependent on rainfall for

farming such as Saudi Arabia and middle east

countries

During the reign of Caliph Umar, drainage or

dam constructed for agricultural activities

For example , Abu Musa dam at Basrah, saad

canal for the use of people of at kufah and

the canal of ameerul mu’mineen for people at

egypt

- through the construction of the canal can

stabilize the economy overcoming hunger

and increase agricultural production

• Government employees

- Caliph Umar explained has principles of the division

of assistance and allowances as well as the

importance in determine the amount relief and

allowance

- The basic principles that determine waged in a

society such as length of the service and

allowances of a given based on job characteristics,

physical and intelectual level.

• Does not fair exist the unfair differential wage

among government employees because the wage

that will be given based on characteristics and the

responsible of employees

• Minimum wage on based on the principle of ‘hak

untuk mendapat nafkah’ for each employee.

• Code outlines the public service for high officials to

determine the allowances and their standard living

• Caliph Umar also called on government official to

take care of sick worker and their visit

• To stabilize wage , Caliph Umar suggest the

freedom of labour to move and absolute freedom

of worker to choose the type of job

CONCLUSION

• Era of ‘jahiliyah’ before the advent of Islam have an

adverse effect on the country, especially in its

economic structure.

• However after the advent of Islam the structure

economic improve under the rule of the Prophet

S.A.W

• The islamic economic system to strengthen, Islamic

economic strength reinforced after the death of

Prophet S.A.W under Ar-Rasyidin Caliphate

• In addition, the difference the wages of worker in

the superior and subordinate government

employee is moderate and each get the same

benefits without bias

• In effect, Islamic economy has strong and

respected by the whole world fits Islamic Shari’ah

and attain the good pleasure Almight God