Flexibility for Better Access: Copyright Exceptions for Libraries and Archives

Stuart HamiltonDirector, Policy and Advocacy

Structure

• Take a look at the global context and power balance of copyright in relation to access to information

• Give IFLA’s perspective on the problems that copyright is causing for access to cultural heritage online

• Describe what IFLA is doing to address these issues

International Treaties Governing Copyright

• Berne Convention (1881, recent revision 1971)

• Universal Copyright Convention (1952)• The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of

Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS – 1994)• Rome Convention (1961)• WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty

(WPPT – 1996)• WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT - 2002)

Lack of Balance?

• Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) – aka Mickey Mouse Protection act (1988)

• 15 new anti-piracy laws in the US since 1982

• EU copyright term extension in sound recordings (2011)

• SOPA/PIPA/DEA/HADOPI/ACTA/TPPA/ SINDE (2012)

• Wikipedia Blackout

The WIPO Library Study 2008• WIPO: 184 Member Countries• Located: Statutes from 149 Countries• 21 countries do not have library and archive exceptions at

all;• 27 countries have a general exception solely for libraries; • 74 countries have exceptions for copying for research or

study; • 72 countries have exceptions for copying for preservation

provisions;• 67 countries have exceptions for copying for replacement of

worn out originals no longer available for purchase; • 17 countries have exceptions for document supply; • 6 countries have exceptions for loans between libraries; and • 26 countries have exceptions for legal workarounds for anti-

circumvention of Technological Protection Measures.

General None

Angola

Cape Verde

Congo

Djibouti

Kenya

Lesotho

Malawi

Mali

Nigeria

Rwanda

Tunisia

Tanzania

Burkina FasoBurundiCameroonCote d’Ivoire

Democratic Rep. of Congo

GuineaLibyan Arab Jam.

NamibiaSenegalSeychellesSwazilandTogo

TLIBThe Treaty proposal covers: • Parallel importation (i.e buying books from abroad)• Cross-border uses of works and materials reproduced under a limitation

and exception • Library lending• Library document supply• Preservation of library and archival materials• Use of works and other material under related rights for the benefit of

persons with disabilities• Use of works for education, research and private study• Use of works for personal and private purposes• Access to retracted and withdrawn works • Orphan worksIt also proposes: • Obligation to respect exceptions to copyright and related rights• Obligations concerning Technological Protection Measures• Limitation on liability for libraries and archives

WIPO at 11.50pm, Friday 12th November 2010

Agreed WIPO SCCR Cluster Topics• Topic 1: Preservation

• Topic 2: Right of Reproduction and Safeguarding Copies

• Topic 3: Legal Deposit • Topic 4: Library Lending • Topic 5: Parallel Importation • Topic 6: Cross-border uses • Topic 7: Orphan works, retracted and withdrawn

works, and works out of commerce • Topic 8: Liability of Libraries and Archives • Topic 9: Technological Measures of Protection • Topic 10: Contracts • Topic 11: Right to Translate Works

Slide Attributions • Slide 2: "I'm not sure I can help you—all your issues seem to be

copyright-related." - New Yorker Cartoon, Condenast• Slide 6: APC Mag,

http://apcmag.com/anti-sopa-internet-blackout-today-said-to-number-7000-sites-going-dark.htm

• Slide 8: UNESCO Digital Preservation Conference: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/events/calendar-of-events/events-websites/the-memory-of-the-world-in-the-digital-age-digitization-and-preservation/

• Slide 9: Bruce Willis hoax, courtesy of the Daily Mail: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2197248/Bruce-Willis-fights-leave-iPod-tunes-family-Actor-considering-legal-action-Apple-battle-owns-songs-downloaded-iTunes.html

• Slide 10: The Orphans by E.C. Phillips, http://www.librarian.net/stax/date/2011/05/

• Slide 18: Ebook Cartoon, Marin Independent Journal Courtesy of the Librarian in Black: 20110426__webtoon424ebook.jpg

Thank You!

Questions? stuart.hamilton@ifla.org@IFLADPA

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No Library Exception

ArgentinaBrazilBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonChileCosta RicaCote d’IvoireDemocratic Rep. of CongoGuineaHaitiIraqKuwaitLibyan Arab Jam.NamibiaSan MarinoSenegalSeychellesSwazilandTogoYemen