student guide power systems for aix - virtualization i implementing virtualization

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM. 7.0

Introduction to partitioning

IBM Power Systems

After completing this unit, you should be able to:• Describe the following terms:

– Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource

• Describe the following partition concepts:– Dynamic logical partitioning– Micro-partitioning– Shared processor pool– Virtual I/O– Live Partition Mobility (LPM)– Capacity on Demand (CoD)

• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions• List references for IBM Power Systems partitioning information

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

Unit objectives

IBM Power Systems

• Partition:• The allocation of one system’s resources to create logically

separate systems.– An independent operating environment.


From one to many

What is a partition?

CPU,memory, and

I/O

Physical partition

Operating system Operating system

CPU,memory, and

I/O

CPU,memory, and

I/O

Physical partition

SMP building block SMP building block

IBM Power Systems

• Physical partition:– Resources are allocated in physical building blocks.

– Blocks contain groups of processors, memory, and I/O slots.

Interconnect


SMP building block

Physical partition

IBM Power Systems

• A partition is the allocation of system resources to create logically separate systems within the same physical footprint.

• A logical partition exists when the isolation is implemented with firmware:– Not based on physical system building block– Provides configuration flexibility

AIX 6.1 Linux AIX 7.1 IBM i

SYS1 1:00

Japan

SYS4 12:00

UK

SYS2 10:00 USA

SYS3 11:00Brazil

ORD

EMEP

ROG RES

SO

Logical partition


IBM Power Systems

• Each partition has its own:– Operating system– Licensed internal code (LIC) and open firmware– Console– Resources– Other things expected in a stand-alone operating system

environment, such as:• Problem logs• Data (libraries, objects, file systems)• Performance characteristics• Network identity• Date and time


Partition characteristics

IBM Power Systems

• Resources are allocated to partitions:– Memory allocated in units as small as the LMB size.– Dedicated whole processors or shared processing units.– Individual I/O slots.

• Including virtual devices

• Some resources can be shared:– Virtual devices.– Host Ethernet adapter.

• Some core system components are inherently shared.


S = I/O Slot M = MemoryP = Processor

Partition resources

AIXP P P P P

M M M SSSS

LinuxP P

M M SSSS

AIXP P P M M

SSSS

IBM Power Systems

• Flexibility to allocate resources depending on need.

• With DLPAR operations, resources can be moved, removed, or added with a restarting the partition.

LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4

Processors

Memory

I/O slots


LPAR resource example

IBM Power Systems

• IBM POWER6 processor-based LPAR-capable systems:– Entry, mid-range, and high-end servers

– IBM Power Systems

– Example models:

• IBM Power Blade Express servers

• IBM Power 520

• IBM Power 550

• IBM Power 560

• IBM Power 570

• IBM Power 575

• IBM Power 595

Visit http://www.ibm.com for latest list of models.

IBM POWER6 LPAR-capable systems


http://www.ibm.com/

http://www.ibm.com/

IBM Power Systems

• IBM POWER7 and POWER7+ processor-based LPAR-capable systems:– IBM Power Systems

– Example models:• IBM BladeCenter PS700/701/702/PS703/PS704 Express• IBM Flex System p260 and p460• IBM Power 710• IBM Power 720• IBM Power 730• IBM Power 740• IBM Power 750• IBM Power 755• IBM Power 770• IBM Power 775• IBM Power 780• IBM Power 795

Visit http://www.ibm.com for latest list of models.

IBM POWER7 and POWER7+ LPAR-capable systems


http://www.ibm.com/

http://www.ibm.com/

IBM Power Systems

• Capacity management:– Flexibility to allocate resources.

• Consolidation:– Consolidate hardware, floor space, software licenses, support contracts, and in-house

support and operations.– Efficient use of resources.

• Application isolation on a single frame:– Separate workloads.– Guaranteed resources.– Data integrity.

• Merge production and test environments:– Test on same hardware.


The ability to have virtual Ethernet and virtual I/O devices is a benefit of using POWER5 and newer processor-based

systems.

Benefits of using partitions

IBM Power Systems

• Licensing is per operating system and is based on processing power.– Partial processor and shared processor pool features affect licensing.

• Third-party application provider licenses will vary.

IBM hardware

Operating systems

Other software

Software licensing


IBM Power Systems

• The POWER Hypervisor is firmware that provides:– Virtual memory management:

• Controls page table and I/O access.• Manages real memory addresses versus offset memory addresses.

– Virtual console support

– Security and isolation between partitions:• Partitions allowed access only to resources allocated to them (enforced by the

POWER Hypervisor).

– Shared processor pool management

System hardware (memory, processors, devices)

LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4

Security and isolation barriers

POWER Hypervisor

POWER Hypervisor functions


IBM Power Systems

• The HMC provides:– Virtual console windows.– LPAR configuration and operation management.– Capacity on demand (CoD) management.– Service tools.– Access to LPM function.

• PC-based console:– Running custom Linux and Java applications.– Remotely accessible.– Connects to service processor over private or open network.

Desktop© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

Rack-mount

Hardware Management Console

IBM Power SystemsN

on-V

olat

ile R

AM

HMC

Managed system

Ethernet

The big picture


AIX Linux

Partition 1 Partition 2

Hypervisor

Unassigned resources

Processors Memory

processor

I/O Slots LPARallocation tables

IBM Power Systems

• Dynamic resource allocation

• Advanced processor concepts

• Virtual I/O

• Integrated Virtual Ethernet

• Active Memory Sharing

• Live Partition Mobility

• Capacity on demand

Advanced partition features


IBM Power Systems

• DLPAR is the ability to add, remove, or move resources between partitions without restarting the partitions.

• Resources include:– Processors, memory, and I/O slots.– Add and remove virtual devices.

• Security and isolation between LPARs are not compromised.– A partition sees its own resources plus other available virtual

resources.– Resources are reset when moved.

• Applications might or might not be DLPAR-aware.

DLPAR allows you to react to changing resource needs.


Dynamic Logical Partitioning (DLPAR)

IBM Power Systems

1

Partition A Partition B

HMC command

Hypervisor

HMC

2

3 3

4© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

How DLPAR works

IBM Power Systems

LPARLPAR LPAR

Deconfigured

Inactive (CoD)

Physical (Installed)

processor cores

Virtual

Logical

Shared

Dedicated


Processor concepts

IBM Power Systems

• Time sliced sub-processor allocations are dispatched according to demand and entitled capacity.– This example shows one 10 ms time slice, seven running partitions,

and four processors.Physical

processors

Partition 1Partition 2Partition 3Partition 4Partition 5Partition 6Partition 7

P P P P10ms

Shared processor pool

Micro-partitioning: Shared processor pool


IBM Power Systems

Physical processor

cores

Physical shared processor pool

Shared processor pool0Set of micro-partitions

LPAR3LPAR1LPAR2

LPAR5LPAR6

LPAR4

Shared processor pool1Set of micro-partitions

Shared

Dedicated

LPAR

Shared processor poolnSet of micro-partitions

LPAR

Up to 64 shared

processor pools

Multiple shared processor pools


IBM Power Systems

• Each partition has virtual I/O slots.– Configurable for each partition.

• Virtual slots have a virtual adapter instance.– Serial, Ethernet, SCSI, or Fibre Channel.

• Virtual I/O slots can be dynamically added or removed just like physical I/O slots.– Cannot be dynamically moved to another partition.

Virtual I/O


IBM Power Systems

Hypervisor

Virtual Ethernet

Virtual switch

Physical Ethernet

Layer 2 bridge

Virtual I/O server partition

Client partition

SCSI RDMA protocol

Device DMA transfer

DMAbuffer

LVoirtguiac

l Dailsk

diskServer adapter

Device mapping

SCSI, SSA, FC physical or logical disks

Client adapter

Virtual Ethernet

Virtual Ethernet


Physical network

Virtual I/O example

IBM Power Systems

• Also referred to as host Ethernet adapter:– Included in many POWER6 and POWER7 system configurations.

• Provides network connectivity for LPARs without a Virtual I/O Server:– Integrated high-speed Ethernet ports with hardware-assisted

virtualization capabilities.– Offers virtualization support for Ethernet connections.

• Depending on the system model, multiple types are available:– Two port 1 Gba

– Four port 1 Gba

– Two port 10 Gbb

– Two 10 Gbb and two 1 Gb portsa

• Connected to the GX+ bus:

– An LHEA must be created on the logical partition. a

= RJ45 b = fiber

Integrated Virtual Ethernet


IBM Power Systems

Physical network

AIX LPAR

Linux LPAR


Physical port

Layer 2 switch Layer 2 switch

ent ent eth

Physical port

Physical network

IVE example

IBM Power Systems

• Active Memory Sharing (AMS) allows multiple LPARs to share a common pool of physical memory.– AMS intelligently assigns memory from one partition to another based

on memory page demands.• Optimizes memory utilization and provides flexible memory usage.

Paging devices

AMS shared memory pool

Physical memory

Virtual I/O

Server

POWERHypervisor

LPAR1 LPAR2 LPAR3

Active Memory Sharing


IBM Power Systems

• Active Memory Deduplication makes system memory usage smarter. It minimizes the existence of identical memory chunks in main memory space.

Memory structure with Active Memory Deduplication enabled© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

Active Memory Deduplication

IBM Power Systems

• Compresses in-memory data to fit more data into memory:– The physical memory requirements of

existing LPARs is reduced.– Free memory capacity can be used to

create more LPARs.

• Increases a LPAR’s effective memory capacity:– Can increase the effective memory

capacity of a LPAR.– Increases the memory available to a

workload.

AME

LPAR’s effective memory capacity

Physical memoryPhysical memory

LPAR’s effective memory capacity

Expanded memory capacity

AME

System physical memory

LPAR LPAR LPAR

LPAR LPAR LPAR

LPAR LPAR LPAR

LPAR LPAR LPAR


Active Memory ExpansionSystem physical

memory

LPAR LPAR LPAR

LPAR LPAR LPAR

LPAR LPAR LPAR

LPAR LPAR LPAR

LPAR LPAR LPAR LPAR

….

P1 P2 P3 P1 P5VIO

S

VIO

S

Server 2

HMC

IBM Power Systems

• Migration or movement of an LPAR from one physical server to another.

• Useful for:– Reducing the impact of planned outages and increasing application

availability.– Workload balancing and consolidation.– Relocation of workload to enable workload.– Provision of new technology with no disruption to service (migration

to


Server 1

Network

newer systems).

• Requirements:– POWER6 or

POWER7 systems.– LPAR must only have

virtual adapters.

Live Partition Mobility

IBM Power Systems

• Run x86 Linux applications on Power Systems servers along with your AIX and Linux on Power applications.

• Simplifies migration of Linux on x86 applications:– Runs most existing 32-bit x86 Linux applications with no application changes.– Enables customers to realize the energy and administrative benefits associated with

consolidation.

• Is included with the purchase of PowerVM editions.

x86 Platforms

x86 Linux OSLinux OS

app app

Linux OS

x86 Platforms

x86Linux OS

Linux OS

Supported Linux OS AIX OS

Power Systems platform

PowerVM Lx86

x86 Linux OS

app AIX OSapplication

PowerLinux OS

application

PowerVM

x86 platforms

x86

app

Linux OS

Install and run

• No porting

• No recompile

• No changes

PowerVM Lx86


IBM Power Systems

Shared storage pools:Provide distributed access to storage resources using a cluster. Shared storage pools use files called logical units as backup devices for virtualized storage devices.

Benefits:• Simplify the aggregation of large

numbers of disks across multiple Virtual I/O Servers.

• Improve the utilization of the available storage.

• Simplify administration tasks.

Shared storage pools


Thin provisioning with shared storage poolsIBM Power Systems

LPARs

Core Mgmt Storage MgmtInventory Provision

Config Clone

IBM Systems Director

SnapMigrate

Hypervisor

VIOS

Hypervisor

VIOS

Hypervisor

VIOS

CentralizedVirtual Server Storage MgmtHealth…

9 TB3.25TB*

* Actual amount of storage savings will vary widely.


IBM Power Systems

• Suspend: The ability to save a partition state (memory, NVRAM, VSP state) on persistent storage, freeing server resources that were in use by that partition.

• Resume: The additional ability to restore partition state to server resources, and resuming operation of that partition and its applications either on the same server or on a different server.


Suspend / Resume

IBM Power Systems

• Capacity upgrade on demand (CUoD)– Permanent activation of processors or memory.

• Trial CoD– No charge 30-day activation of processors or memory resources.

• On/Off CoD– Ability to activate processor or memory resources temporarily.

• Utility CoD– Additional processor capacity on a temporary basis within the shared

processor pool.


Add reserve resources

• Capacity BackUp:– Processors and memory temporarily

added to backup server.– Prepaid for up to 90 days.

Capacity on Demand

IBM Power Systems

• PowerVM editions hardware features include the following components:


1POWER7+ hardware with eFW760 required for 20 LPARs per core2IVM only supports a single Virtual I/O Server partition

PowerVM editions

PowerVM Editions Express Standard Enterprise

Maximum LPARs 3 per server 20 per core1

(up to 1000)20 per core1

(up to 1000)Management IVM IVM2, HMC IVM2, HMCVirtual I/O Server (dual) (dual)PowerVM Lx86 Shared dedicated capacity

Suspend / Resume Shared processor pools Active Memory Sharing Live Partition Mobility

IBM Power Systems

Use this layout for all your drawing needsPart#1 Virtual I/O Server

PPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPP

PPP

MMMMM

MMMM

P MMM

Part#3Linux

Part#4IBM i

AAAAMMM

AAAAAAAAAAA AAA

O S

O S

O S

O S

Part#2AIX V7 LAN

Virtual LAN Virtual I/O

O O O O OS S S S S

M M M M M A

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AIXV6/Linux

MM AAA

M

Part#5AIX V7

Part#6AIX V6

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Part#7-11

Virtual EthernetPOWER

Hypervisor

AIX 6Kernel

Linux Kernel

AIX 7Kernel

AIX 7Kernel

AIX 6Kernel

i/OS Kernel

HMC

Partitioning concepts summary


IBM Power Systems

• Provides support for LPARs without a physical HMC:– Manages a single server.

• IVM software runs in the Virtual I/O Server partition.– Provides a subset of HMC functionality.

• Hypervisor has been modified to enable VIOS to manage the partitioned system without an HMC.

– Implicit rule of configuration and setup.• It requires that the server not be partitioned.

• First operating system installed must be the VIOS.

– Virtual I/O Server partition owns all physical I/O.• Client partitions can access

virtual optical, virtual disk,virtual Ethernet, IVE, and console.

AIXLinuxLinux

V7.1 RHEL6 SLES11

Virtual LAN

VIOS IVM

Integrated Virtualization Manager

POWER Hypervisor© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Power Systems

Create plan for usage model and applications.

Plan resources for partitions.

Create and configure partitions.

Activate partitions and install operating systems.

1

2

3

4

5

Set up HMC and managed system.

6 Configure and test service applications.© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

LPAR configuration process

IBM Power Systems

• Documentation:– http://www.ibm.com/support/publications/us/library/– Software and hardware information centers available– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/eserver/

• LPAR and PowerVM information:– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/virtualization/index.html

• IBM Redbooks:– http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/

• Technical support web sites:– http://www.ibm.com/support/– http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/vios/home.html– http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/power5cm/power7.html

• Linux web site:– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/linux/


Web links might change over time.

LPAR references

http://www.ibm.com/support/publications/us/library/






http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/eserver/










http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/virtualization/index.html








http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/



http://www.ibm.com/support/




http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/vios/home.html















http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/power5cm/power7.html























http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/linux/







IBM Power Systems

• IBM Power Systems hardware overview

• HMC

• System Planning Tool

• HMC maintenance

• System power management

• Configuring LPARs

• Dynamic resource allocation

AN11 course content


IBM Power Systems

• Advanced processor concepts

• Virtual I/O

• Virtual network configurations

• VSCSI configurations

• IVE

• Service management

AN30 course content


IBM Power Systems

1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.

2. What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical partitioning?a. Resource assignments are flexible.b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building

blocks.

3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?a. All AIX 7 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based

systems are capable of dynamic resource allocations.b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not

moved between partitions.c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move

resources.

4. List the types of resources that are configured in partitions.© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013

Checkpoint (1 of 2)

IBM Power Systems

1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.The answer is True.

2. What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical partitioning?a. Resource assignments are flexible.b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.The answer is Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.

3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?a. All AIX 7 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based systems are

capable of dynamic resource allocations.b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not moved between

partitions.c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move resources.The answer is All of them are true.

4. List the types of resources that are configured in partitions.The answers are: Processors, memory, I/O slots (including the HEA).


Checkpoint solutions (1 of 2)

IBM Power Systems

5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources that can be activated when you need them?

6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?a. Better management of resources across operating environmentsb. Isolate applications that were all running on one systemc. Better high availability solutiond. Manage operational costs by consolidating resources

7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions?

8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles?

9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions?


Checkpoint (2 of 2)

IBM Power Systems

5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources that can be activated when you need them?The answer is Capacity on demand (CoD).

6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?a. Better management of resources across operating environmentsb. Isolate applications that were all running on one systemc. Better high availability solutiond. Manage operational costs by consolidating resourcesThe answers are: Better management of resources across operating

environments, Isolate applications that were all running on one system, and Manage operational costs by consolidating resources.

7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions? The answer is POWER Hypervisor.

8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles?The answer is HMC or IVM.

9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions? The answer is Micro-partitioning.


Checkpoint solutions (2 of 2)

IBM Power Systems

Unitexercise

Exercise


IBM Power Systems

Having completed this unit, you should be able to:• Describe the following terms:

– Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource

• Describe the following partition concepts:– Dynamic logical partitioning– Micro-partitioning– Shared processor pool– Virtual I/O– Live Partition Mobility (LPM)– Capacity on Demand (CoD)

• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions• List references for IBM Power Systems partitioning information


Unit summary

student guide power systems for aix - virtualization i implementing virtualization

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