student supervision system

A PROJECT REPORT ON

“Student Supervision System”ln partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

(Session- 2012-2015)

UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW(UTTAR PRADESH)

INTEGRATED ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-Vivek Saxena NAME- Gaurav Sharma

ROLL NO.-1211314007

Acknowledgement

Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you too, can become great.

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and deep gratitude to all those people who extended their wholehearted co-operation and have helped me in completing this project successfully.

First of all, I would like to thank Mr. Vivek Saxena for creating opportunities to undertake me in the esteemed organization. I would also thank to my Mr. Vivek Saxena (MCA Dept.) my internal project guide who guided me a lot in completing this project. I would also like to thank my parents & project mate for guiding and encouraging me throughout the duration of the project. In all I found a congenial work environment in Stu Corner and this completion of the project will mark a new beginning for me in the coming days.

Name:GAURAV SHARMAMCA -6th Sem Roll No. : 1211314007

DECLARATION

I, GAURAV SHARMA hereby declare that the report of the project entitled “Student Supervision System” has not presented as a part of any other academic work to get my degree or certificate except INMANTEC Ghaziabad for the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer Application.

Name:-GAURAV SHARMAMCA -6th Sem Roll No. : 1211314007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. TITLE PageNo.

BONAFIDE i

1. Introduction 12. Language And Tool to be Used 33. Software Development Life Cycle 44. System Analysis 75. System Software Requirement(SRS) 10

5.1 Module 1 5.2 Module 2 5.3 Module 3 5.4 Module 4

6. Project Plan 13 6.1 Scope Management 6.2 People Management 6.3 Risk Management Plan 6.4 Time Management Plan

7. Feasibility Analysis 16 8. Methodology Adopted 199. System Design 20 10. Coding Method 3211. Testing 4612. Implementation 5113. Maintenance 5314. Module Description 5515. System Requirements 5716. E-R Diagram & Data Flow Diagram 5817. Screenshots of forms 6118. Future Scope of Project 68 19. List of Tables & Figures 69 20. Conclusion 7121. References

INTRODUCTION

We have developed the “Student Supervision System” for fulfillment of my MCA

project, The Benefits of This Project Is That The order of arrangement of all the

top level to bottom level of hierarchy like a institute or organization .

Admin is a top level management and supervisor is a middle level management

and student or employe is low level management.

First describe something about this application. The main objective of this

application is to manage details of members of the customer and its

activities.

It is helpful to manage all the data of members.

It provides all information, about student to the supervisor according to

the admin.

It provides communication between supervisor or student.

It handles the hierarchy management.

Direct savings from reduced paper, printing, and distribution costs

Indirect savings from time spent handling paper documents

Quick access of all records

To match the suitable candidate to appropriate superviosor.

This application has Seven modules:

Student module

Supervisor module

Second marker module

Admin module

This project have multiple module in which helps in finding solutions to the

manual systems being used in supervision system . It maintains student details,

details of Supervisor, details of Admin.

It manages student & all detail of Owner.

It maintains the list of student.

Student can register him by online.

He does the online confirmation by himself.

It handles the details of Registration .

This module is further divided into Multiple sub-modules:-

Student Registration ,Student View ,Student assign etc.

Supervisor Registration , Supervisor View Student Edit etc.

Supervisor assign ,Second marker view , Second marker Edit ,etc.

Account details ,search details ,about details etc.

Objectives:-

Student Supervision System is a project. Objective of this project is to automate

the record process of the Student. The project entitled “Student Supervision

System” helps in finding solutions to the manual systems being used in

Superviosr. The system analyses the problem of dealing with the great deal of

manual work. Manually maintenance of Student details and Supervisor details

can create a lot of problem. Such as: -

Slow process

Time taking

Difficulty to Search information

Difficulty to analyze the related Record

More Familer

More paper work

To facilitate easy maintenance of records of various Student

Avalibilit In The Student Supervision System.

To check details of prospective Student through quick search provided in the Vortal.

To check for matching Supervisor with Student.

To facilitate preparation of records in the mechanized process and

there by producing accurate documents/data’s for recording details.

Quick access of all records

To match the suitable candidate to appropriate Supervisor

Reduce manual work

Generation of Quick report.

Basic Functionality:- When Student come at the Supervisor of room then

registration process will start.

Searching data of owner in database by entering basic details of the

owner coming to Student Supervisor System .

We can also view the data of customer.

We can also edit the data of student and update the data of student.

Provide the facility to select student of the Admin.

If no record is found then provision to enter new registration.

If record is found member may also update his/her record.

Collection of Account.

Report generation.

Language And Tool to be Used

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP code and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge.

PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification.PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) because of restrictions on the use of the term PHP

PHP has evolved to include a command line interface capability and can also be used in standalone graphical applications.

USAGE

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce byte

code for processing by the Zend Engine, giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor

Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems' JavaServer Pages and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD). Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web application frameworks.

About HTML

HTML, which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc as well as for links, quotes, and other items. It allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of "tags" surrounded by angle brackets within the web page content. It can include or can load scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML processors like Web browsers; and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both HTML and CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicit presentational markup.

Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML) is the encoding scheme used to create and format a web document. A user need not be an expert programmer to make use of HTML for creating hypertext documents that can be put on the internet.

Most graphical e-mail clients allow the use of a subset of HTML (often ill-defined) to provide formatting and semantic markup not available with plain text. This may

include typographic information like coloured headings, emphasized and quoted text, inline images and diagrams. Many such clients include both a GUI editor for composing HTML e-mail messages and a rendering engine for displaying them. Use of HTML in e-mail is controversial because of compatibility issues, because it can help disguise phishing attacks, because it can confuse spam filters and because the message size is larger than plain text.

NAMING CONVENTIONS

The most common filename extension for files containing HTML is .html. A common abbreviation of this is .htm, which originated because some early operating systems and file systems, such as DOS and FAT, limited file extensions to three letters.

HTML APPLICATION

An HTML Application is a Microsoft Windows application that uses HTML and Dynamic HTML in a browser to provide the application's graphical interface. A regular HTML file is confined to the security model of the web browser, communicating only to web servers and manipulating only webpage objects and site cookies. An HTA runs as a fully trusted application and therefore has more privileges, like creation/editing/removal of files and Windows Registry entries. Because they operate outside the browser's security model, HTAs cannot be executed via HTTP, but must be downloaded (just like an EXE file) and executed from local file system

ABOUT JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting language used to enable programmatic access to objects within both the client application and other applications. It is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as an integrated component of the web browser, allowing the development of enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. JavaScript is a dialect of the ECMAScript

standard and is characterized as a dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based language with first-class functions. JavaScript was influenced by many languages and was designed to look like Java , but to be easier for non-programmers to work with.

PROTOTYPE-BASED

JavaScript uses prototypes instead of classes for inheritance. It is possible to simulate many class-based features with prototypes in JavaScript.

Functions double as object constructors along with their typical role. Prefixing a function call with new creates a new object and calls that function with its local this keyword bound to that object for that invocation. The constructor's prototype property determines the object used for the new object's internal prototype. JavaScript's built-in constructors, such as Array, also have prototypes that can be modified.

Unlike many object-oriented languages, there is no distinction between a function definition and a method definition. Rather, the distinction occurs during function calling; a function can be called as a method. When a function is called as a method of an object, the function's local this keyword is bound to that object for that invocation.

USAGE

The primary use of JavaScript is to write functions that are embedded in or included from HTML pages and interact with the Document Object Model (DOM) of the page.

Because JavaScript code can run locally in a user's browser (rather than on a remote server) it can respond to user actions quickly, making an application feel more responsive. Furthermore, JavaScript code can detect user actions which HTML alone cannot, such as individual keystrokes. Applications such as Gmail take advantage of this: much of the user-interface logic is written in JavaScript, and JavaScript dispatches requests for information (such as the content of an e-mail message) to the server. The wider trend of Ajax programming similarly exploits this strength.

A JavaScript engine (also known as JavaScript interpreter or JavaScript implementation) is an interpreter that interprets JavaScript source code and executes the script accordingly. The first JavaScript engine was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications Corporation, for the Netscape Navigator web browser. A web browser is by far the most common host environment for JavaScript. Web browsers typically use the public API to create "host objects" responsible for reflecting the DOM into JavaScript.

Requirements-:

Hardware requirements

Number Description

1 PC with 20 GB Hard disk

2 PC with 256 MB RAM

3 PC with Pentium 1 and Above

Software requirements

Number Description Type

1 Operating System

Windows XP/Windows

2 Language PHP3 Server side

ScriptPHP script

4 Client side Script

Java script,Html

5 Server WAMP 5.06 Database MySQL7 IDE Text pad8 Designing

ToolsXARA,Fireworks,Dreamweaver,Paintbrush

9 Browser Internet Explorer/Mozilla etc.

Manpower requirements

3 persons should be able to complete this project in 6 weeks

Software Development Life Cycle

System Development Life Cycle phases :-

Initiation Phase:

The initiation of a system (or project) begins when a business need or opportunity

is identified. A Project Manager should be appointed to manage the project. This

business need is documented in a Concept Proposal. After the Concept Proposal is

approved, the System Concept Development Phase begins.

System Concept Development Phase:

Once a business need is approved, the approaches for accomplishing the concept

are reviewed for feasibility and appropriateness. The Systems Boundary

Document identifies the scope of the system and requires Senior Official approval

and funding before beginning the Planning Phase.

Planning Phase:

The concept is further developed to describe how the business will operate once

the approved system is implemented, and to assess how the system will impact

employee and customer privacy. To ensure the products and /or services provide

the required capability on-time and within budget, project resources, activities,

schedules, tools, and reviews are defined. Additionally, security certification and

accreditation activities begin with the identification of system security

requirements and the completion of a high level vulnerability assessment.

Requirements Analysis Phase:

Functional user requirements are formally defined and delineate the

requirements in terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability

requirements for the system. All requirements are defined to a level of detail

sufficient for systems design to proceed. All requirements need to be measurable

and testable and relate to the business need or opportunity identified in the

Initiation Phase.

Design Phase:

The physical characteristics of the system are designed during this phase. The

operating environment is established, major subsystems and their inputs and

outputs are defined, and processes are allocated to resources. Everything

requiring user input or approval must be documented and reviewed by the user.

The physical characteristics of the system are specified and a detailed design is

prepared. Subsystems identified during design are used to create a detailed

structure of the system. Each subsystem is partitioned into one or more design

units or modules. Detailed logic specifications are prepared for each software

module.

Development Phase:

The detailed specifications produced during the design phase are translated into

hardware, communications, and executable software. Software shall be unit tested,

integrated, and retested in a systematic manner. Hardware is assembled and tested.

Integration and Test Phase:

The various components of the system are integrated and systematically tested.

The user tests the system to ensure that the functional requirements, as defined

in the functional requirements document, are satisfied by the developed or

modified system. Prior to installing and operating the system in a production

environment, the system must undergo certification and accreditation activities.

Implementation Phase:

The system or system modifications are installed and made operational in a

production environment. The phase is initiated after the system has been tested

and accepted by the user. This phase continues until the system is operating in

production in accordance with the defined user requirements.

Operations and Maintenance Phase:

The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued

performance in accordance with user requirements, and needed system

modifications are incorporated. The operational system is periodically assessed

through In-Process Reviews to determine how the system can be made more

efficient and effective. Operations continue as long as the system can be

effectively adapted to respond to an organization’s needs. When modifications or

changes are identified as necessary, the system may reenter the planning phase.

Disposition Phase:

The disposition activities ensure the orderly termination of the system and

preserve the vital information about the system so that some or all of the

information may be reactivated in the future if necessary. Particular emphasis is

given to proper preservation of the data processed by the system, so that the

data is effectively migrated to another system or archived in accordance with

applicable records management regulations and policies, for potential future

access.

System Analysis

The Student Supervision System is useful to every student which supervisior

gets the different facility time to time. This project is helpful to provide

registration facility at the student. It manages all the details of student and

owner and collection details of accounts. It also provides the facility to

modify the members’ information.

1. Feasibility Study:-

Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its work

ability, impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective

use of resources. The objective for this phase is not to solve the problem

but to acquire a sense of scope. During the study, the problem definition is

crystallized and aspects of the problem to be included in the system are

determined.

We started the project by listing the possible queries that the user

might want to be satisfied. And on these lines we guided the project

further. The three main points, kept in mind at the time of project, are:

Possible (To build it with the given technology and resources)

Affordable (given the time and cost constraints of the organization)

Acceptable (for use by the eventual users of the system)

The major areas to consider while determining the feasibility of a

project are:-

a) Technical Feasibility :- It is a measure of the practically of a specific

technical solution and the availability of technical resources and

expertise.

The proposed system uses HTML CSS as front-end and SQL server

2008 as back-end tool.

Microsoft SQL is a popular tool used to design and develop

database objects such as table, views and indexes.

The above tools are readily available, easy to work with and

widely used for developing commercial application.

Hardware used in this project are- x86 family processor, 1 GB or above

RAM, 80 GB or above hard disk. This hardware was already available on

the existing computer system. The software like SQL Server 2008, IIS, PHP

5 and operating system WINDOWS-7 used were already installed on the

existing computer system. So no additional hardware and software were

required to purchase and it is technically feasible.

b) Operational Feasibility :-The system will be used if it is developed

well then be resistance for users that undetermined

No major training and new skills are required as it is based on

DBMS model.

It will help in the time saving and fast processing and dispersal of

user request and applications.

Improved information, better management and collection of the reports.

User involvement in the building of present system is sought to keep

in mind the user specific requirement and needs.

c) Economical Feasibility :-It determines whether the management has

enough resources and budget to invest in the proposed system and the

estimated time for the recovery of cost incurred. It also determines

whether it is worthwhile to invest the money in the proposed project.

Economic feasibility is determines by the means of cost benefit

analysis. The proposed system is economically feasible because the cost

involved in purchasing the hardware and the software are within

approachable.

The backend required for storing other details is also the same database

that is SQL. The computers in the organization are highly sophisticated and

don’t needs extra components to load the software. Hence the organization

can implement the new system without any additional expenditure. Hence, it

is economically feasible.

d) Social Feasibility:-The assessment of social feasibility will be done

alongside technical feasibility. Each of the alternative technical solutions that

emerge must be evaluated for its social implications. The needs of the various

people affected by the proposed system (both directly and indirectly) must be

taken in account. The various social costs must also be evaluated; these will

include the costs of education and training, communication, consultation,

salary change, job improvements, redundancy payment, and hidden costs

like those caused by hostility, ignorance and fear. But primarily the

social evaluation should rank the possible technical solutions in terms

of the extent to which they improve the jobs and the working

environment those affected.

Software Requirement Specification

The purpose of Student Supervision System:-

This application is to manage details of members of the student and

owner and its Admin.

It is helpful to manage all the data of members.

It provides all information, about Student Supervision System that are

organized by dealer, to the student.

It provides communication between student and supervisior.

It handles the money management.

It manages student details.

It maintains all the details of the student and second marker.

It maintains the list of students.

Customer can register online.

It handles the details of Account.

The following people will use this SRS in different phases of development

those are follows are:-

a) Project Manager :- Project manager will get all the information about the

requirement of the project, he will understand what is to be done and can

assign the work accordingly.

b) Developer :- Developer will come to known that what work is to be done in

what sequence and will code accordingly.

c) Tester :- Tester will understand what our project is doing and what are the

functionality that must be performed by project, so he can test the project for

those functionality.

d) User :- User will understand that what are the functions that this project is

going to perform for them.

For anyone to understand the SRS, they have to start reading from the

Introduction(purpose) section then the important section is document conventions

without which it’s impossible to known what we are talking about.

MODULE 1:- (Student)

In student module, all the information of the student i.e. user-name ,

password ,first-name ,last- name, mobile no, email id, state ,

gender,programme,course,user type ,etc exits.

MODULE 2:- (Supervisior)

In the Supervisior module, the Student supervision system are organized by

the Admin and store the information of student and owner in the database.

Provide the email and password to the supervisior.

Handle the Account details.

Provide all information of flat to the student.

MODULE 3:- (Admin)

In the Admin module, have the sub module of supervisior assign ,student

view ,and student edit.

Supervisior have the student details.

Supervisior have all information of student .

MODULE 4:- (Search)

In the Search module, find the data or information between the owner and

supervisior , student and second marker ,Account with student ,student with

admin ,student with supervisior . If a student wants to communicate with

dealer then he can easily communicate with supervisior.

MODULE 5:-(Account)

In the Account module ,All the information account student and owner stored in

the database.

All the account information of student have in database.

All the account information of owner have in database.

MODULE 6:-(About us)

In the About us module ,All the information of student supervision system is

exits.

MODULE 6:-(Contact)

In the Contact module , All the information of Admin is exits.

Project Plan

1. Scope Management :-

To Define a Project Scope, you must first identify the following things:-

Project objective

Goals

Sub-phases

Tasks

Resources

Budget

Schedule

The scope of the project is just limited to a laptop or a PC with an internet

connection. Firstly the user, whoever it may be (customer of dealer) need to

register to the website. After the registration process is completed each one of them

get password and have their own user id. With these two they can access their

account and for any query they can contact the administrator by sending him a

mail.

Facility to schedule a meeting

Facility to see participants engagement’s diary

Facility to invite participants over mail.

Facility to apartment details

Customer registration

Dealer privilege to edit Customer’s profile.

2. People Management:-

S.NO Activity Planned Start

Date

Planned End

Date

Actual Start

Date

Actual End

Date

Person

Assigned

Remarks

1. Identify Project

2. Making Project

Plan

3. System Study

4. System Design

5. System Testing

6. Implementation

3. Risk Management Plan:-

To achieve effective and efficient risk management, risk planning is required. The

commonest form of risk planning is the Risk Management Plan (RMP).

A risk management plan (RMP) comprises:-

The risk strategy, which records how risk will be owned, evaluated, controlled,

reviewed and reported upon, the plan will show:-

Who is accountable for a particular risk (ownership).

What that particular risk is (evaluation).

How that particular risk will be managed, controlled, reviewed and

reported, in other words the physical actions or management actions that

will be taken to avoid, reduce, control or accept the risk.

The key to effective risk management is ownership. Each risk (and associated

actions) must be owned so that there is clear responsibility and accountability for

the risk and its associated action. It has become an axiom of good risk management

that the ownership of a risk should lie with the party ‘best’ able to control the risk

probability and its impact. Different risks and actions will need to be owned by

different stakeholders.

4. Time Management:-

S.NO Activity Planned Start

Date

Planned End

Date

Actual Start

Date

Actual End

Date

Person

Assigned

Remarks

1. Identify Project

2. Making Project

Plan

3. System Study

4. System Design

5. System Testing

6. Implementation

Feasibility Analysis

In feasibility analysis we want to various factor related to the feasibility of the

system. Whether we can make this system within the limited time, money and

availability of the resources.

The concept of feasibility is to determine whether or not a project is worth doing.

The process followed in making this determination is called Feasibility Study or

Analysis. Once it has been determined that a project is feasible, the system analyst

can go ahead and prepare the project specification which finalizes project

requirements.

Types of feasibility:-

1. Technical Feasibility :-

It is a measure of the practically of a specific technical solution and the

availability of technical resources and expertise

The proposed system uses HTML CSS as front-end and SQL server

2008 as back-end tool.

Microsoft SQL is a popular tool used to design and develop

database objects such as table, views and indexes.

The above tools are readily available, easy to work with and

widely used for developing commercial application.

Hardware used in this project are- x86 family processor, 1 GB or above

RAM, 80 GB or above hard disk. This hardware was already available on

the existing computer system. The software like SQL Server 2008, IIS, .net

framework and operating system WINDOWS-7 used were already installed

on the existing computer system. So no additional hardware and software

were required to purchase and it is technically feasible.

2. Operational Feasibility :-

The system will be used if it is developed well then be resistance for users

that undetermined.

No major training and new skills are required as it is based on

DBMS model.

It will help in the time saving and fast processing and dispersal of

user request and applications.

Improved information, better management and collection of the reports.

User support.

User involvement in the building of present system is sought to keep

in mind the user specific requirement and needs.

3. Economical Feasibility :-

It determines whether the management has enough resources and budget to

invest in the proposed system and the estimated time for the recovery of

cost incurred. It also determines whether it is worthwhile to invest the

money in the proposed project. Economic feasibility is determines by the

means of cost benefit analysis. The proposed system is economically feasible

because the cost involved in purchasing the hardware and the software are

within approachable.

The backend required for storing other details is also the same database

that is SQL. The computers in the organization are highly sophisticated and

don’t needs extra components to load the software. Hence the organization

can implement the new system without any additional expenditure. Hence, it

is economically feasible.

Cost-saving benefit leads to reduction in administrative and operational costs.

Cost avoidance benefits eliminate future administrative and operational costs

improved service level benefits are those where the performance of the system is

improved by the new computer based method e.g servicing a customer in two

minutes rather than five to ten minutes is an example of this type of benefit.

4. Social Feasibility:- The assessment of social feasibility will be done alongside technical feasibility.

Each of the alternative technical solutions that emerge must be evaluated for its

social implications. The needs of the various people affected by the proposed

system (both directly and indirectly) must be taken in account. The various social

costs must also be evaluated; these will include the costs of education and

training, communication, consultation, salary change, job improvements,

redundancy payment, and hidden costs like those caused by hostility,

ignorance and fear. But primarily the social evaluation should rank the

possible technical solutions in terms of the extent to which they improve

the jobs and the working environment those affected.

Methodology Adopted

Feasibility Study

System Analysis& Specification

Design

Coding and Unit Testing

Maintenance

Integration andSystem Testing

Waterfall Model:-A methodology specifies some activities that according to the model, should be

performed, and the order in which they should be performed. The methodology

adopted while making this project is waterfall model. The waterfall model divides the

life cycle of a software development process into the phase as shown in the given

figure. This life cycle model is named waterfall model because its diagrammatic

representation resembles a cascade of waterfall.

The different phase of this model are Feasibility study, Requirement analysis and

specification, Design, Coding, Coding and unit testing, Integration, System testing

and maintenance. Each phase of the life cycle has a well defined starting and ending

point.

Fig.:-1

System Design

Design Objective :-

The primary objective of design is to deliver the requirement as specified in the

feasibility report. Following objectives should be kept in mind:-

Efficiency

Cost

Flexibility

Security

The aim of system design, which is sometimes also referred to as top-level design,

is to identify the modules that should be in the system, the specification these

modules, and how they interact with each other to produce the desire results. At the

end of the system design all the major data structure file formats, output formats

and the major modules in the system and their specification are needed.

Design Quality Criteria :-

A design should exhibit a hierarchical organization that makes

intelligent use of control among the element of software.

A design should be modular i.e the software should be logically

partitioned into the elements that perform specific function and sub-

functions.

A design should contain both data and procedural abstraction.

A design should lead to modules that exhibit independent functional

characteristics.

A design should lead to interfaces that reduce the complexity of

connection between modules and the external environment.

A design should be derived using a repeatable method that is driven

by information obtained during software requirement analysis.

Design Concept :- A set fundamental software design concepts has evolved:-

What criteria can be used to partition software into individual

component?

How function or data is structure detail separated from a conceptual

representation of the software?

Are these uniform criteria that define the technical quality of software

design?

Top-down and Bottom-up Strategies :-

A system consists of component, which has the components of their own,

indeed a system is a hierarchy of components. The highest level component

corresponds to the total system.

A top-down design approach starts with identify the major component

of the system, decomposing them into their low-level components and

iterating until the desired level of detail is achieved. Top-down design

methods often result in some form of stepwise refinement. Starting

from an abstract design, in each step the design is refined to a more

concrete level, until we reach a level where no more refinement is

needed and the design can be implemented directly.

A Bottom-up design approach starts with designing the most basic or

primitive components and proceeds to higher-level components.

Bottom-up methods works with layers of abstraction. Starting from

very bottom, operation that provides a layer of abstraction is

implemented.

The operation of this layer are then used to implement more powerful

operations and a still higher layer of abstraction, until the stage is reached

where the operation supported by the layer are those desired by the system.

Structured Design :-

Structured design methodology views every software system as

having some inputs that are converted into the desired outputs by the

software system.

The software is viewed as a transformation function that transforms

the given inputs into the desired outputs, and the central problem of

designing this transformation function.

Due to this view of software, the structured design methodology is

primarily function oriented and relies heavily on function abstraction

and functional decomposing. The approach begins with a system

specification that identifies inputs and outputs and describes the

functional aspects of the system.

The next step is the definition of the modules and their relationship

with one another in a form called structure chart, using data dictionary

and other structured tools.

Entity-Relationship Diagram :-

The E-R diagram enables a software engineer to fully specify the data

objects that are input and output to/from a system, the attributes that define

the properties of these objects, and the relationship between the objects.

The following approach is taken:-

During requirements gathering, customers are asked to list the

“things” that the application or business process addresses. These

“things” evolve into the list of input and output data, objects as well as

external entities that produce and consume information.

Taking the objects one at a time, the analyst and customer define

whether or not a connection (unnamed at this stage) exists between

the data, object and other objects.

Wherever a connection a exists, the analyst and customer create one

or more object-relationship pairs. For each object-relationship pair,

cardinality and modality are explored.

Steps 2 through 4 are continued iteratively until all object-relationship

pairs have been defined. It is common to discover omissions as this

process continues. New object and relationship will invariably be

added as the number iterations grow.

The attributes of each entity are defined. An entity-Relationship

diagram is formalized in review.

Steps 1 through 7 are repeated until data modelling complete.

Data Flow Diagram :-

Data Flow Diagramming is a means of representing a system at any

level of detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows,

data stores, data processes, and data sources/destination.

The data flow diagram is analogous to a road map. It is a network

model of all possibilities with different detail shown on different

hierarchical levels. This processes of representing different details

level is called “levelling” or “partitioning” by some data flow diagram

advocates.

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) uses a number of symbols to represent the

systems. Data Flow Diagram also known as ‘Bubble Chart’ is used to

clarify system requirements and identifying the major transformations

that will become programs in system design. So it is the starting point

of the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements

specifications down to the level of details.

DFD have four type components:-

1. Process :- A process transforms data values. The lowest level processes are

pure functions without side effects. An entire data flow graphics high level

process.

Fig.:-2

2. Data flows :-A data flow connects the output of an object or process to

input of another object or process. It is represented by an arrow and

labelled with a description of data, usually its name or type.

Fig.:-3

3. Actors :-An actor is active object that drives the data flow graph by

producing or consuming values.

4. Data store :-A data store is a passive object with in a data flow diagram

that stores data for later access.

Fig.:-4

5. External Entity:-A rectangle represents an external entity E.g. User is

external entity in this project.

Fig.:-5

6. Output Symbol :- This box represented data production during human

computer interaction.

Fig.:-6

Database Design :-

The overall objectives in the development of database technology has been

treat data as organizational resource and as an integrated whole. Database

management system allows the data to be protected and organized separately

from the resource (e.g hardware, software and program).

The organization of data in a database aims to achieve three major

objectives:-

Data integration

Data integrity

Data independence

Table 1:Login

Table 2:home page

Table 3: Registration form

Table 4: supervisior dashboard

Table 5:Admin dashboard

Table 6:Student dashboard

Coding Method

Home page :-

<?php session_start(); ?>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<style>

body {

padding-top: 70px;

padding-bottom: 30px;

}

.theme-dropdown .dropdown-menu {

position: static;

display: block;

margin-bottom: 20px;

}

.theme-showcase > p > .btn {

margin: 5px 0;

}

.theme-showcase .navbar .container {

width: auto;

}

</style>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">



<meta name="description" content="">

<meta name="author" content="">

<link rel="icon" href="../../favicon.ico">

<title>Student Supervision System</title>



<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">



<link href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">

<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>

<span class="icon-bar"></span>



</button>

<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Supervision System</a>

</div>

<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">

<ul class="nav navbar-nav">

<li><a href="index.php">Home</a></li>

<li ><a href="index.php?option=login">Login</a></li>

<li ><a href="index.php?option=newuser">Registration</a></li>

<li><a href="index.php?option=about">About</a></li>

<li><a href="index.php?option=contact">Contact</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>

</nav>

<div class="container theme-showcase" role="main">



<div class="jumbotron">

<?php

@$opt=$_REQUEST['option'];

if($opt!="")

{

if($opt=="newuser")

{

include('regis.php');

}

if($opt=="login")

{

include('login.php');

}

if($opt=="about")

{

include('about.php');

}

if($opt=="contact")

{

include('contact.php');

}

if($opt=="forget_password")

{

include('forget_password.php');

}

}else{

?>



<div id="myCarousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">



<ol class="carousel-indicators">

<li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>

<li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="1"></li>



</ol>



<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">

<div class="item active">

<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="university">

</div>

<div class="item">

<img src="img/2.png" alt="set name">

</div>

<div class="item">

<img src="img/7.jpg" alt="set alt message" >

</div>

<div class="item">

<img src="img/4.jpg" alt="Flower" >

</div>

</div>



<a class="left carousel-control" href="#myCarousel" role="button" data-slide="prev">

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>

<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>

</a>

<a class="right carousel-control" href="#myCarousel" role="button" data-slide="next">

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>

<span class="sr-only">Next</span>

</a>

</div>

<h2 align="center" style="color:#00FF00"> Student Supervision System</h2>

</div>

</div>



<?php }?>

<div class="row">

</div>

</div> 





<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.2/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script src="../../dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<script src="../../assets/js/docs.min.js"></script>



<script src="../../assets/js/ie10-viewport-bug-workaround.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

LOGIN PAGE:-

<?php

require('config.php');

extract($_POST);

if(isset($signup))

{

if($user==1)

{

$que=mysql_query("select email,pass from student where email='$eid' and pass=password('$pass')");

$row= mysql_num_rows($que);

if($row)

{

$_SESSION['student']=$eid;

echo "<script>window.location='student'</script>";

}

else

{

$err="<font color='red'>Invalid Student Login</font>";

}

}

//for Supervision

if($user==2)

{

$que=mysql_query("select email,pass,status from supervisor where email='$eid' and pass=password('$pass')");


if($row)

{

$status=mysql_fetch_assoc($que);

if($status['status']==1)

{

$err="<font color='red'>Your account is not activated yet by admin</font>";

}

else

{

$_SESSION['supervisior']=$eid;

echo "<script>window.location='Supervisor'</script>";

}

}

else

{

$err="<font color='red'>Invalid Supervisor Login</font>";

}

}

//for Second Marker

if($user==3)

{

$que=mysql_query("select email,pass,status from second_marker where email='$eid' and pass=password('$pass')");


if($row)

{

$status=mysql_fetch_assoc($que);

if($status['status']==1)

{

$err="<font color='red'>Your account is not activated yet by admin</font>";

}

else

{

$_SESSION['second_marker']=$eid;

echo "<script>window.location='second_marker'</script>";

}

}

else

{

$err="<font color='red'>Invalid Second marker Login</font>";

}

}

//for Admin

if($user==4)

{

$que=mysql_query("select email,pass from admin where email='$eid' and pass='$pass'");


if($row)

{

$_SESSION['admin']=$eid;

echo "<script>window.location='admin'</script>";

}

else

{

$err="<font color='red'>Invalid admin Login</font>";

}

}

}

?>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-sm-3">

</div>


<div class="panel panel-default">

<div class="panel-heading">

<h3 class="panel-title" style="color:#8F0BB0;" align="center">Login Form</h3>

</div>

<div class="panel-body">

<form method="post">

<div class="form-group">

<label for="exampleInputEmail1"><?php echo @$err;?></label>

</div>

<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>

<input type="email" class="form-control" name="eid" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">

</div>


<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>

<input type="password" class="form-control" name="pass" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">

</div>


<label for="exampleInputEmail1">User Type</label>

<select class="form-control" name="user">

<option value="1">Student</option>

<option value="2">Supervisor</option>

<option value="3">Second Marker</option>

<option value="4">Admin</option>

</select>

</div>

<button name="signup" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" style="width:45%;float:left" type="submit">Login</button>

<a href="index.php?option=newuser"><button name="signup" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" style="width:45%;float:left;margin-left:20px" type="button">Sign Up</button></a>

</div>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

REGISTRATION PAGE:-

<?php


extract($_POST);

if(isset($signup))

{

if($user==1){

$que=mysql_query("select email from student where email='$e'");


if($row)

{

$err="<font color='red'>Student already registered</font>";

}

else

{

mysql_query("insert into student values('','$n','$e',password('$pass'),'$mob','$g','$prog','$course')");

echo "<script>window.location='index.php?option=login'</script>";

}}

//supervisior

if($user==2){

$que=mysql_query("select email from supervisor where email='$e'");


if($row)

{

$err="<font color='red'>supervisor already registered</font>";

}

else

{

mysql_query("insert into supervisor values('','$n','$e',password('$pass'),'$mob','$g','$prog','$course','1')");


}

}

//Second_marker

if($user==3){

$que=mysql_query("select email from second_marker where email='$e'");


if($row)

{

$err="<font color='red'>Second Marker already registered</font>";

}

else

{

mysql_query("insert into second_marker values('','$n','$e',password('$pass'),'$mob','$g','$prog','$course','1')");


}

}

}

?>

<div class="row">


</div>


<div class="panel panel-default">

<div class="panel-heading">

<h3 class="panel-title" style="color:#8F0BB0;" align="center">Registration Form</h3>

</div>

<div class="panel-body">




</div>


<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Name</label>

<input type="text" class="form-control" name="n" placeholder="Enter name" pattern="[a-z A-Z]*" required>

</div>



<input type="email" class="form-control" name="e" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email" required>

</div>


<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>

<input type="password" class="form-control" name="pass" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password" >

</div>


<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Mobile</label>

<input type="text" class="form-control" name="mob" maxlength="13" required pattern="[0-9 + ]*" placeholder="Enter Mobile" >

</div>




<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Gender</label>

<select class="form-control" name="g">

<option value="m">Male</option>

<option value="f">Female</option>

</select>

</div>

<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Programme</label>

<select class="form-control" name="prog">

<option>M.Tech</option>

<option>B.Tech</option>

<option>BCA</option>

<option>MCA</option>

<option>Other</option>

</select>

</div>




<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Course</label>

<select class="form-control" name="course">

<option>Course1</option>

</select>

</div>




<label for="exampleInputEmail1">User Type</label>

<select class="form-control" name="user">

<option value="1">Student</option>

<option value="2">Supervisor</option>

<option value="3">Second Marker</option>

</select>

</div>



<button name="signup" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Sign Up</button>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

About us:-<p style="background:#000000;color:#FFFFFF">About Us</p>

<p>Students will receive a report of their termly supervision from their supervisor. Supervision reporting is controlled by a timetable with automatic email notifications and reminders. Submitted reports are immediately available to the student, supervisor. Additionally, subject administrators, college advisors, college administrators and scholarship and funding administrators are able to view reports.</p>

<p >Student tutorials are generally more academically challenging and rigorous than standard lecture and test format courses, because during each session students are expected to orally communicate, defend, analyze, and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the tutor and fellow-students.<br/>

As a pedagogic model, the tutorial system has great value because it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic and difficult to fake.

Students are taught by faculty fellows in groups of one to three on a weekly basis

</p><br/>

<p>Each divisional Code of Practice for Supervision of research students offers guidance on the maximum number of students that should be supervised by each supervisor, the typical number of meetings per term between supervisor and supervisee, and policies for support for new supervisors:</p>

Contact us:-

<?php


extract($_POST);

if(isset($signup))

{

echo $user." ".$eid." ".$pass;

if($user==1)

{

$que=mysql_query("select email,pass from student where email='$eid' and pass='$pass'");


if($row)

{

$_SESSION['student']=$eid;

echo "<script>window.location='student'</script>";

}

else

{

$err="<font color='red'>Invalid Student Login</font>";

}

}

}

?>




</div>



<input type="email" class="form-control" name="eid" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">

</div>


<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Mobile</label>

<input type="password" class="form-control" name="pass" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">

</div>


<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Query</label>

<textarea class="form-control" rows="3"></textarea>

</div>

<br/>


<button name="signup" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Send Query</button>

</div>

</form>

Testing

METHODOLOGY OF TESTING USED IN THE PROJECT :-

Testing is the process of detecting errors. Testing performs a very

critical role for quality assurance and for ensuring the reliability of the

software. The results of testing are used later on during maintenance also.

Here System Testing is involved in this project.

Testing is vital to the success of the system. System testing makes a

logical assumption that if the parts of the system are correct, the goal will

be successfully achieved. In adequate testing or non-testing leads to errors

that may not appear until months or even years later (Remember the New

York three day power failures due to a misplaced ‘Break’ statement).

This creates two problems:-

1. The time lag between the cause and the appearance of the problem.

2. The time interval effect of the system errors on files and the records

on the system.

A small error can conceivably explode into a much larger problem.

Effective testing early in the process translates directly into long term cost

savings from a reduced number of errors.

Another reason for system testing is its utility as a user oriented

vehicle before implementation. The best program is worthless if it does not

meet the user requirements. Unfortunately, the user’s demands are often

compromised by efforts to facilitate program or design efficiency in terms

of processing time or design efficiency.

Thus in this phase we went to test the code we wrote. We needed to

know if the code compiled with the design or not? Whether the code gave

the desired outputs on given inputs? Whether it was ready to be installed

on the user’s computer or some more modifications were needed?

The aim of testing is often to demonstrate that a program works by showing

that it has no errors. The basic purpose of testing phase is to detect the errors that

may be present in the program. Hence one should not start testing with the intent of

showing that a program works, but the intent should be to show that a program

doesn’t work. Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of

finding errors.

Testing Objectives :-

The main objective of testing is to uncover a host of errors, systematically and with

minimum effort and time. Stating formally, we can say

Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of

finding an error.

A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.

A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding error,

if it exists.

The tests are inadequate to detect possibly present errors.

The software more or less confirms to the quality and reliable

standards.

Steps of Testing of Module :-

In order to uncover the errors present in different phases, we have the concept of

levels of testing. The basic levels of testing are

Client needs Acceptance Testing

Requirements System Testing

Design Integration Testing

Code Unit Testing

Fig.:-7

Acceptance Testing :-

Acceptance Testing is performed with realistic data of the client to

demonstrate that the software is working satisfactorily. Testing here is focused on

external behavior of the system; the internal logic of program is not emphasized.

The testing phase is an important part of software development. It is the

process of finding errors and missing operations and also a complete verification to

determine whether the objectives are met and the user requirements are satisfied.

System Testing :-

Here the entire software system is tested. The reference document for this

process is the requirements document, and the goal is to see if software meets its

requirements.

Here entire ‘REGISTRATION COUNTER MANAGEMENT’ has been

tested against requirements of project and it is checked whether all requirements of

project have been satisfied or not.

Integration Testing :-

After unit testing, we have to perform integration testing. The goal here is to

see if modules can be integrated properly, the emphasis being on testing interfaces

between modules. This testing activity can be considered as testing the design and

hence the emphasis on testing module interactions.

Unit Testing :-

Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software i.e.

the module. Using the detailed design and the process specifications, testing is

done to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. All modules must be

successful in the unit test before the start of the integration testing begins.

Debugging :-

The process of testing gives symptoms, and a program’s failure is a clear

symptom of the presence of the error. After getting a symptom, we begin an

investigation to localize the error, that is to find out which module or interface is

causing it. Then that section of the code is to be studied to determine the cause

of the problem. This process is called ‘Debugging’. Hence, debugging is the activity

of locating and correcting errors.

In general:-

A. Debugging is concerned with locating error and repairing these errors.

B. Debugging involves formulating a hypothesis about the program behavior

then testing these hypotheses to find the system error.

In this project, we have also performed debugging of the system. Whenever

we face any error we debug it properly and as soon as we trace the reason of

the error we try to remove it and were successful in solving the problem. Hence

debugging is also necessary with testing of the system.

Implementation

Code Efficience:-

A very vital element of any engineering process is measurement.

Measurement is the process by which numbers are assigned to the attributes of

entities in the software developed. Until recently, software engineers had little

quantitative guidance in this particular field. But now, they use technical metrics to

help them build higher- quality software. The factors that affect software quality

can be categorized in two broad groups:

Factors that can be directly measured and Factors that can be measured only

indirectly (e.g. usability or maintainability).

Some of the important factors are briefly described below:-

Correctness: The extent to which a program satisfies its specifications and fulfills

the customer’s mission objectives is termed as its correctness. The project is fully

correct in the sense that it has completely implemented the user’s requirements and

needs.

Reliability: Software reliability is defined in statistical terms as the probability of

failure-free operation of a computer programs a specified environment for a

specified time.

Efficiency: The amount of computing resources and code required by a program to

perform its function.

Integrity: Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can

be controlled.

Usability: Effort required learning, operating, preparing input, and interpreting

output of a program.

Maintainability: Effort required locating and fixing an error in a program.

Flexibility: Effort required modifying an operational program.

Testability: Effort required testing a program to ensure that it performs its

intended function.

Portability: Effort required transferring the program from one hardware and/ or

software system environment to another.

Reusability: Extent to which a program can be reused in other applications-related

to the packaging and scope of the functions that the program performs.

Maintenance

Maintenance of the project is very easy due to its modular design and

concept any modification can be done very easily. Some of the maintenance

applied is:-

BREAKDOWN MAINTENANCE :-

The maintenance is applied when an error occurs & system halts and further

processing cannot be done .At this time user can view documentation or consult us

for rectification & we will analyze and change the code if needed.

PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE :-

User does this maintenance at regular intervals for smooth functioning

(operation) of software as per procedure and steps mentioned in the manual. Some

reasons for maintenance are: -

Error Correction : Errors, which were not caught during testing, after the

system has, been implemented. Rectification of such errors is called

corrective maintenance.

New or changed requirements : When Organization requirements changes

due to changing opportunities.

Improved performance or maintenance requirements : Changes that are

made to improve system performance or to make it easier to maintain in the

future are called preventive maintenance.

Maintenance can be classified as:-

Corrective

Adaptive

Perfective.

Corrective maintenance means repairing processing or performance

failures or making changes because of previously uncorrected problems or

false assumptions.

Adaptive maintenance means changing the program function.

Perfective maintenance means enhancing the performance or modifying

the program(s) to respond to the user’s additional or changing needs.

One way to reduce maintenance costs is through maintenance management and

software modification audits. Software modification consists of program rewrites

system level updates, and re-audits of low ranking programs to verify and correct

the soft spots.

The outcome should be more reliable software, a reduced maintenance

backlog, and higher satisfaction and morale among the maintenance staff.

E-R Diagram

Data Flow Daigram

1-level

ScreenshotsHome page:

Login page:-

Ragistration page:

Admin dashboard:-

Supervisior table:

Supervisior dashboard:

Student dashboard:

Update password:

List of Tables & Figures

Particulars Page No.

Figure-1 SDLC……………………………………………………………..19

Figure-2 Process.................................................................................26

Figure-3 Data Flows............................................................................26

Figure-4 Data Stores...........................................................................26

Figure-5 External Entity.......................................................................27

Figure-6 Output Symbol.......................................................................27

Table-1 TBL_LOGIN............................................................................28

Table-2 Cus_Add……………...............................................................28

Table-3 Cus_Inf………………………..................................................28

Table-4 Emp_Inf……….......................................................................28

Table-5 Emp_Add……........................................................................29

Table-6 Rent……………………………...............................................29

Table-7 Apartment…...........................................................................29

Table-8 BHK2………….......................................................................30

Table-9 3BHK…………………............................................................30

Table-10 Emp_Qual………………......................................................30

Table-11 .............................................................................................31

Figure-7 Steps of Testing....................................................................48

E-R Diagram E-R Diagram..................................................................58

DFD-1 0-Level DFD...............................................................................59

DFD-2 1-Level DFD...............................................................................60

Snapshot-1 Customer Report..............................................................61

Snapshot-2 Employee Report….........................................................62

Snapshot-3 Apartment Report……..................... ...............................62

Snapshot-4 Flat Report........................................................................63

Snapshot-5 Room Report..…...............................................................63

Snapshot-6 frmReceipts......................................................................64

Snapshot-7 frmAdminLogIn.................................................................64

Snapshot-8 frmReports........................................................................65

Snapshot-9 frmAttendeesReport.........................................................65

Snapshot-10 frmNewMemberReport...................................................66

Snapshot-11 frmUpdateRecordReport................................................66

Snapshot-12 frmChildReport...............................................................67

Snapshot-13 frmFeeCollectionReport.................................................67

Conclusion

Overall we can say that Student Supervision System is a small project but

it is flexible and easy to operate for the End-User. Through this projects’ user gets

the idea how the registration process will going on. It gives information about all

the data of the members of an association. It has high accuracy and there is no

repetition of data.

The proposed system is user friendly that can easily be used by any person

irrespective of his/her location. User can easily do the registration at the event

venue. There is no doubt that there always remains some scope of improvement,

however good or efficient the Software may be. The important thing is that the

system developed is flexible to accommodate any future.

This project is satisfying all the characteristics like Easy to Use, Flexible,

Portable and Proper Functional. It is easy to use. User friendly screens are

provided. The usage of software increases the efficiency, decreases the effort. It

has been efficiently employed as a Site management mechanism. It has been

thoroughly tested and implemented.

Appendix- A

SQL Server 2008

Relational Database Design Principles :-

The first and most important step in the development of a database is the process

of defining a set of requirements and modeling how those requirements will be

met using a relational database.

Key Terms :-

Data Normalization:-

Dr. Codd defines a series of progressively more stringent standards, called normal

forms, which further optimize data for efficient storage and retrieval.

First Normal Form:-

First normal form requires that each attribute in a relation contain only one piece

of information that you care about, and each piece of information that you care

about should be held in only one attribute.

Second Normal Form:-

Second normal form ensures that each relation models just one entity or event in

the problem set. Although second normal form also looks at the attributes of a re-

lation, it is really about the relation as a whole.

Third Normal Form:-

Third normal form builds on second normal form with the additional requirement

that all attributes are not functionally dependent on any other columns besides

the primary key.

Boyce-Codd Normal form:-

Boyce-Codd is a variation on third normal form that addresses fairly uncommon

cases where there are at least two composite candidate keys with overlapping

values.

Fourth Normal form:-

Fourth normal form deals with separating multi-valued dependencies into sepa-

rate relations, and fifth normal form deals with rare kind of three-table circular

dependency.

Creating Constraints:-

You can restrict the data entered in columns by setting restrictions, or constraints,

on the type of values allowed. Constraints can be placed on columns as part of

creating tables, or they can be added later. There are six types of constraints that

you can set on columns:

Primary key: Set on a column (or set of columns) to uniquely identify a

row in a table. A table can have only one primary key.

Foreign key: Set on a column (or set of columns) participating in a

relationship between tables and referencing only the primary key or unique

constraints in the related table. Tables can have multiple foreign keys,

corresponding to relationships with up to 63 other tables in the same

database. Foreign key constraints can also reference the primary key in the

same table (a self join).

Not null: Null (or unknown) values are not allowed. When you allow Null

values, SQL Server keeps a special bitmap in every row to indicate which

null able column actually contains Null values. The Not Null constraints are

equivalent to making a column required.

Unique:This constraint requires that each entry in a column (or combination

of columns) be unique. A table can have up to 249 unique constraints

defined.

Triggers:-

A trigger is Transact-SQL procedures that executes only on INSERT, UPDATE, or

DELETE statements- there’s no such thing as a trigger for a select statement.

SQL Server Capacities:-SQL Server Capacities:-

Following list shows the system lists for Various SQL SERVER Objects.Following list shows the system lists for Various SQL SERVER Objects.

OBJECTSOBJECTS LIMITSLIMITS

Database Database 32,767 databases 32,767 databases

Tables Tables 2 billion tables per database 2 billion tables per database

Columns 1024 columns per table Columns 1024 columns per table

Triggers up to 2 billion triggers Triggers up to 2 billion triggers

User Connections 32767 connections are possible User Connections 32767 connections are possible

Open Objects 2 billion open objects at a time Open Objects 2 billion open objects at a time

Stored Procedures can contain 255 parameters Stored Procedures can contain 255 parameters

Locks 2 billion locks Locks 2 billion locks

Appendix B

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP code and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge.

PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification.PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) because of restrictions on the use of the term PHP

PHP has evolved to include a command line interface capability and can also be used in standalone graphical applications.

USAGE

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce byte code for processing by the Zend Engine, giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor

Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems' JavaServer Pages and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD). Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web application frameworks.

REFERENCES

Websites:-

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.w3schools.com

www.answer.com

www.msdn.microsoft.com

www.stackoverflow.com

http://www.stackoverflow.com/

http://www.msdn.microsoft.com/

http://www.answer.com/

http://www.w3schools.com/

http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://www.google.com/

student supervision system

Engineering