Study Guide

Motion and Momentum

Newton’s Laws of Motion

What is motion?

All matter is constantly in

_____.

Motion involves a _____

in position.

An object changes

position relative to a

_____ point.

_____ is the total length

of the route an object

travels when it moves.

Word Bank

Distance

Change

Reference

Motion

____ includes distance and direction of the stopping point from the starting point.

Distance traveled divided by the time taken to travel the distance is called ___.

Word Bank

Speed

Displacement

The formula for ___

can be written as

s=d/t.

The units of speed

are units of distance

divided by units of

time; in SI units,

speed is given as

______. (m/s).

Word Bank

Speed

Meters per second

An object in motion can

change ___ many times

as it moves from one

point to another,

speeding up or slowing

down.

___ is the total distance

traveled divided by total

time taken.

Word Bank

Speed

Average speed

An objects speed at a

particular moment in

time is called its ___.

___ speed occurs when

an object travels at a

steady rate with the

same instantaneous

speed for some period of

time.

Word Bank

Instantaneous speed

constant

Motion can be ___ on a distance/time graph with time plotted on the horizontal axis and distance plotted on the vertical axis.

The steeper the line on a distance-time graph, the greater the ___

A horizontal line on a distance-time graph indicates that no change in __ is occurring, and the speed is ___.

Word Bank

Position

Graphed

Zero

Speed

___ speed of an

object and its

direction of motion;

velocity changes if

either, or both, of

these change.

Word Bank

Velocity

Acceleration

change in velocity divided by the time for

the change to occur; it can include an

object’s speeding up, slowing down,

and/or changing direction.

Acceleration can be

___ if you know how

an object’s velocity

has changed during

a given time period.

The formula for

calculating ___ is:

a=(final speed –

initial speed)/time

Word Bank

Calculated

Acceleration

The unit of acceleration

is distance divided by

time squared; in SI units,

acceleration is given as

___.

Acceleration is ___ when

an object speeds up and

___ when an object

slows down.

Word Bank

Positive

Meters per second

squared

Negative

Acceleration can be graphed with speed on the

vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.

An object that is speeding up will have a line on a speed-time graph that slopes ___.

An object that is slowing down will have a line on a speed-time graph that slopes ___.

A horizontal line would indicate acceleration of __, or constant speed.

Word Bank

Upward

Downward

Zero

Momentum

The amount of

matter an object has

is its __.

___ is the tendency

of an object to resist

a change in motion.

___ is a measure of

how hard it is to stop

an object.

Word Bank

Momentum

Mass

Inertia

With ___ expressed as

p, the equation can be

written as: p=mv.

Momentum __ if the

mass or velocity of the

object increases.

Momentum has direction

that is the same direction

as its velocity.

Word Bank

Momentum

Increases

Inertia

Law of Conservation of

Momentum

The total momentum of objects that

collide with each other does not change.

There are many ways

collisions can occur.

In one type, objects stick

together and ___ still

stuck together, although

possibly at different

speeds.

In another type, two

objects bounce off each

other when they collide,

and may transfer ___

from one to the other.

Word Bank

Move

Momentum

In both cases, the total momentum of the

objects that collide is the same before

and after the collision.