Study of ChinaBy: Kayli Reyna, Christopher Perez, Jeremy Toda-Ambaras, Logan Wilson, DaeQuan Fitzgerald, Michael McShane

Historical, Cultural, and Social China

Kayli Reyna

ca 1700-1046BC

*Shang Dynasty- the first chinese state for which clear written records remain-unites much of north central China

*Zhou Dynasty- replaces shang as dominant force across northern China

*Zhou state collapses into loose association of warring states known as the Eastern Zhou

Imperial China

221 BC- 1279 AD*King Ying Zheng of Qin (first ruler to use the title emperor) -Builds 1st Great Wall of China*Han Dynasty*Thang Dynasty *Song Dynasty

History

Mongol Rule

1271 AD- 1901 AD

*Mongols conquer China and established their own Yuan Dynasty

*Ming Dynasty overthrows Mongols

- establishes agricultural economy, bureaucracy and military

Manchu Qing Dynasty

Boxer Rebellion

The Republic

1911 AD- 1937 AD*Military revolts by reform-minded officers lead to proclamation of Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen

*Japan invades in 1931 and gradually occupies more and more of China

Communist Victory

1949 AD- 1992 AD

*Mao Zedong- proclaims the founding of the people’s Republic of China

* China intervenes in the Korean War on the side of North Korea

* Tibet becomes part of the People’s Republic of China

* US Richard Nixon

* Russia and China sign declaration restoring friendly ties

Cultural norms

*Ethnic Make up- Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi , Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%

*Religions- Daoist (Taoist) , Buddhist, Muslim 1-2% , Christian 3-4%

*Language- In all over 1.2billion people speak one or more varieties of Chinese ------root: Sino-Tibetan family, Mandarin, Cantonese

*The importance of “Face”

* Confucianism

*Collectivism vs. individual

Fun Facts

* The color red is lucky

*The number 4 is unlucky similar to our number 13

* You cannot chew gum in public in Singapore

*You cannot touch the top of a person’s head

*Do not leave your chopsticks standing up in a rice bowl

*The Chinese New Year is huge

Political Economy andDevelopment

Logan Wilson

Political Economy

Political Callary

Political system has 5 layers: the center, provinces, prefectures, counties and townships

Role of parties in the Communist Party and Neo-Lesian

Can protect heritage

Taking Karl Marx philosophy in priority of economic growth

Functions of Trade Politics

Special Economic Zone

Marketism

Socialist market

restructure or expansion

dualistic trade

International trade and foreign investment with social benefits

Political turnover and corruption

Foreign investment

International Relations

The Darkside

4th largest economy behind Britain, France and United States

Bottom of economic freedom of 127 countries

parties make up 81% of executives

66% of senior executives

Employ around 85 million workers

indian companies up from 80% to 200%

Governance and Policy-Making

Christopher Perez

Government StructureXi JinpingLi KequiangZhang Dejiang

Politburo Standing Committee

Chinese Communist Party

National People’s CongressState Council Legislative Affairs OfficeUnited FrontMisc Organizations:

National Development and Reform CommissionMinistry of Finance

Government Structure cont.

Legislative: National People’s Congress

Executive: State Council

Judicial: Supreme People’s Court/Procuratorate

Military: People’s Liberation Army

Paramount Leader

Policy Making

1. Policy’s initially drafted by ministries2. SCLAO checks constitutionality of policy and law drafts3. SCLAO coordinates revision process4. Important drafts are sent to the NPC5. State and Local Ministries/Councils can interpret these

policies

Transparency ConcernsDiscipline Commission

Economy: Central → Market

Representation andPolitical Participation

DaeQuan Fitzgerald

China is a Communist Party State

“Neo-Leninism”

One Party Rule (Chinese Communist Party)

Government control of the economy

Elitism=>Power to military, police, and social elites

Chinese Communist Party

Maintains monopoly position

~88 million members

Capitalism

Political participation dictated by the wealthy

Political access to social elites

Chinese Communist Party

Authoritarian Rule

Supervises government, the justice system, and the mass media

CCP Membership provides access to contacts, information, and patronage needed to acquire wealth and power

Benefits/Legitimacy of communist party rule

Substantial Economic Growth

National Party Leaders are perceived as wise, educated and benevolent

Strong Nationalism

Belief that the party is building a powerful and independent country

Government Branches

Legislature

dictated by the National People’s Congress

3000 members

Executive

State Council

President serves as ceremonial head of state

Judiciary

Standing Committee

Underdeveloped

Non-Communist Parties

China Democratic League

China Revolutionary Committee of Kuomintang

China Democratic Construct Association

China Association for the Promotion of Democracy

Chinese Peasants and Workers’ Democratic Party

China Zhi Gong Dang

Jiusan Society

Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League

Politics in Transition

Michael McShane

Pre-Communism

- Nationalist state

- Mao Zedong (October 1st, 1949)

- Manchuria (North East China) was held by the Japanese until Russian forces entered and took over

- Held by Russians until the communist party was in power

- Americans helped chinese involvement with Japanese in order to prevent communism.

- Eventual success of communist revolution due to military strength (helped by Russians) and grassroot movement of the people of China.

Domination of State and Society

Four pillars of Leninist Roots

1)Military

a) People’s Liberation Army (2.25 million people)

b) People’s Armed Police (1.5 million people)

c) Internal Security Force (800,000 people)

2)“Control of personal apointments across all political institutions”

3)Media

4)Control of Judiciary and Internal Security

CCP: Chinese Communist Party

- In power for 65 years

- 4 away from USSR record

- Have lasted due to a greater willingess to adapt

- Low tolerance towards those who question the governing power’s right to rule

Recent Transition

- November 2012

- Chongqing Municipal Party Secretary

- Raised questions of other leaders

- Through ties to the military, brought up concerns of loyalty to the central Party intelegence

- Foreign media pressure

- Elected new military secretary as well as several other high ranking officials (see “Historical, Cultural, and Social China”)

Bo Xilai

International Relations

Jeremy Toda-Ambaras

● China maintains international relations with 171 countries and has embassies in 162 of them.

● China is a part of the United Nations as well as a permanent part of its Security Council.

● China used to lead the Non-Allied Movement, a group of which they are no longer a part.

● China is a part of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), a group of countries whose economies are rising and becoming more influential in global affairs.

● China maintains a strong economic and military relationship with Russia, and the two countries frequently vote the same way in the UN Security Council.

● China is a rising superpower.

General Information

● Recently, China has demanded for more free trade areas and security pacts among its Asia-Pacific neighbors.

● China co-founded the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.● China has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 11

December 2001.● China’s most significant export market is the United States, with whom

China has particularly large trade surplus.

Economics

● China continuously tries to claim ownership over Taiwan and its territories.

● China has had conflicts about land borders with India and Bhutan.● China wants to claim the Senkaku Islands and the Scarborough

Shoal.

Territorial Disputes

Finished

References

http://www.oecd.org/gov/governanceinchina.htmhttp://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/08/12/the-challenge-of-chinas-governance/http://www.nytimes.com/ref/college/coll-china-politics-006.htmlhttp://www.martinjacques.com/articles/articles-geopolitics-globalisation/understanding-chinese-governance/http://csis.org/files/publication/130124_Ahrens_ChinaPolicymaking_Web.pdfhttp://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13017882https://intranet.ecu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/499354/Cultural-Bytes-China-RHS-120903.pdfhttp://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/china-country-profile.html

References cont.

● “Bric Summit Ends in China with Plea for More Influence.” Bbc.com. BBC News, 14 Apr. 2011. Web. 8 Nov. 2015. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-13076229>.

● “China Denies Preparing War over South China Sea Shoal - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-18045383>.

● “China Says Communication with Other Developing Countries at Copenhagen Summit Transparent.” - People's Daily Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/6847341.html>.

● “China's Quest for Asia by Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr. - Policy Review 134.” China's Quest for Asia by Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr. - Policy Review 134. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <https://web.archive.org/web/20060210135228/http://www.policyreview.org/134/dillon.html>.

● “How Uninhabited Islands Soured China-Japan Ties - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11341139>.

● “Perseverance Will Pay off at the UN - Taipei Times.” Perseverance Will Pay Off at the UN - Taipei Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2004/08/22/2003199768>.

● “A Point Of View: What Kind of Superpower Could China Be? - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19995218>.

● “Russia-China Unity on Syria as Putin Arrives in Beijing - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-18327632>.

● “U.S. Relations With China.” U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, 21 Jan. 2015. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/18902.htm>.

● “US Trade Gap Widens on Increased Chinese Imports - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/business-11544677>.

References cont.

Branstetter, Lee, and Robert Feenstra. "Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in China: A Political Economy Approach." Web. 23 Oct. 2015.

Andrew G. Walder. American Sociological Review.Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp. 231-253

Wang, Yi, and Bill Bramwell. "Heritage Protection and Tourism Development Priorities in Hangzhou, China: A Political Economy and Governance Perspective." Tourism Management: 988-98. Print.

Li, Hongbin, and Li-An Zhou. "Political Turnover and Economic Performance: The Incentive Role of Personnel Control in China." Journal of Public Economics: 1743-762. Print.

References cont.

Pei, Minxin. The Dark Side of China's Rise. 2006. Print.

Kaplan, Robert D. "The Geography of Chinese Power." The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us about Coming Conflicts and the Battle against Fate. New York: Random House, 2012. Print.

"Choosing the Best Sourcing Destination: China's Complex Advantage." - The China Sourcing Blog. Web. 7 Nov. 2015.

http://www.chinasourcingblog.org/2008/10/choosing-the-best-sourcing-des.html

https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/chinese-rev

References cont.

Pei, Minxin. The Dark Side of China's Rise. 2006. Print.

Hague, Rod, and Martin Harrop. Comparative Government and Politics: An Introduction. 7th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

http://www.china.org.cn/e-china/politicalsystem/politicalOrgnization.htm