study of prevalence of obesity and associated co-morbidities among adults of gandhinagar, gujarat

Study of prevalence of obesity and associated co

International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol.

Copy right © 2014, IAIM, All Rights Reserved.

Original Research Article


morbidities among adults of Gandhinagar, Gujarat

1 Consultant Physician, Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar, India.

Abstract

Background: Obesity and its associated co

bursting problem all over the world.

Aim: To study prevalence of obesity and its relation with hypertension and diabetes.

Material and methods: Total 70 patients who came to outdoor patient department of Gayatri

Hospital, Gandhinagar from January, 2014 to June, 2014 were included in present study

index, waist circumference, blood pressure and random blood sugar were estimated in all patients

to detect obesity, hypertension and diabetes.

Results: Out of 70 subjects, 30 were male and 40 were female. Total 29 subjects were found obese

with BMI >25. Out of 29 obese subjects, 18 were hypertensive and 13 were diabetic. Among 19

males with waist circumference

females with waist circumference

Conclusion: General obesity determined by help of BMI is associated with hypertension and diabetes

in both males and females while central obesity determi

associated with hypertension and diabetes in females only.

Key words

Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, Body mass index, Waist circumference.

Introduction

Chronic imbalance between energy intake and

actual energy needs of the body leads to obesity

and overweight in long term. Sedentary lifestyle,

Received on: 07-08-2014

Revised on: 18-08-2014

Accepted on: 02-09-2014

How to cite this article:

associated co

2014; 1(1):

Available online a

*Corresponding Author: Ashish Parikh,

Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar, India.

E mail: [email protected].

Study of prevalence of obesity and associated co-morbidities

International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue. 1, September, 2014.




Ashish Parikh1*

Consultant Physician, Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar, India.

Obesity and its associated co-morbidities like hypertension and diabetes is recent out

ll over the world.

To study prevalence of obesity and its relation with hypertension and diabetes.

Total 70 patients who came to outdoor patient department of Gayatri

Hospital, Gandhinagar from January, 2014 to June, 2014 were included in present study


to detect obesity, hypertension and diabetes.

70 subjects, 30 were male and 40 were female. Total 29 subjects were found obese

25. Out of 29 obese subjects, 18 were hypertensive and 13 were diabetic. Among 19

males with waist circumference >90 cm, total 12 were hypertensive and 4 were diabe

females with waist circumference >80 cm, total 16 were hypertensive and 8 were diabetic

General obesity determined by help of BMI is associated with hypertension and diabetes

emales while central obesity determined by help of waist circumference is

associated with hypertension and diabetes in females only.

Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, Body mass index, Waist circumference.

Chronic imbalance between energy intake and

actual energy needs of the body leads to obesity

and overweight in long term. Sedentary lifestyle,

lack of exercise and consumption of fatty food

leads to worldwide epidemic of obesity

Among developing countries, obesity is now fast

growing problem especially in

socioeconomic status [2]. Overweight or obesity

is the leading cause of hypertension, diabetes,

osteoarthritis, various types of cancers in

women like breast cancer and uterus cancer,

menstrual disorder and infertility and many

more diseases. Diabetes and

How to cite this article: Parikh A. Study of prevalence of obesity and

associated co-morbidities among adults of Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

2014; 1(1): 12-17.

Available online at www.iaimjournal.com

Ashish Parikh,

Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar, India.

[email protected]

2

Study of prevalence of obesity and associated co-


Consultant Physician, Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar, India.

morbidities like hypertension and diabetes is recent out

To study prevalence of obesity and its relation with hypertension and diabetes.

Total 70 patients who came to outdoor patient department of Gayatri

Hospital, Gandhinagar from January, 2014 to June, 2014 were included in present study. Body mass


70 subjects, 30 were male and 40 were female. Total 29 subjects were found obese

25. Out of 29 obese subjects, 18 were hypertensive and 13 were diabetic. Among 19

90 cm, total 12 were hypertensive and 4 were diabetic. Among 20

80 cm, total 16 were hypertensive and 8 were diabetic

General obesity determined by help of BMI is associated with hypertension and diabetes

ned by help of waist circumference is

lack of exercise and consumption of fatty food

o worldwide epidemic of obesity [1].

Among developing countries, obesity is now fast

growing problem especially in lower

Overweight or obesity

leading cause of hypertension, diabetes,

osteoarthritis, various types of cancers in

women like breast cancer and uterus cancer,

menstrual disorder and infertility and many

more diseases. Diabetes and hypertension

Parikh A. Study of prevalence of obesity and

morbidities among adults of Gandhinagar, Gujarat. IAIM,




are metabolic disorders with hi

morbidities [3, 4]. Demographic transition

combined with modernisation and

industrialisation has resulted in extreme

changes in lifestyles internationally which leads

to increase prevalence of obesity [5

nutrition and overweight/ obesity are both

higher for women than men.

obesity followed by health education of obese

persons for weight reduction will be useful for

early prevention of its co-morbidit

hypertension and diabetes.

Material and method

Total 70 patients who came to outdoor patient

department of Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar

from January, 2014 to June, 2014 were included

in present study after obtaining their informed

written consent. Height, weight and waist

circumference of each subject was done at

hospital. Random blood sugar was carried out by

glucometer and blood pressure of each subject

was estimated on left arm in supine position by

mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure

level of >140 mmHg for systolic and

for diastolic was considered as hypertension.

When systolic and diastolic blood pr

of different category then higher category was

selected to consider subject as hypertensive.

Random blood sugar of >140 mg/d

considered as diabetic [6].

Waist circumference was taken after breath out.

It was measured at the level of midpo

lower margin of rib cage and the iliac crest to

nearest 0.1 cm. Cut off level of waist

circumference was >90 cm and

and female respectively. Height of each subject

was taken by height measuring scale with

subjects standing on it without shoes, heels

attached, the hips and shoulders leaned against

the measuring scale with 0.1 cm as minimum

measuring unit. Weight of the each subject was




are metabolic disorders with high incidence of

Demographic transition

combined with modernisation and

industrialisation has resulted in extreme

changes in lifestyles internationally which leads

rease prevalence of obesity [5]. Under

nutrition and overweight/ obesity are both

higher for women than men. Screening for

obesity followed by health education of obese

persons for weight reduction will be useful for

morbidities like

Total 70 patients who came to outdoor patient

Hospital, Gandhinagar

from January, 2014 to June, 2014 were included

in present study after obtaining their informed

written consent. Height, weight and waist

circumference of each subject was done at

hospital. Random blood sugar was carried out by

eter and blood pressure of each subject

was estimated on left arm in supine position by

mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure

140 mmHg for systolic and >90 mmHg

for diastolic was considered as hypertension.

When systolic and diastolic blood pressure were

of different category then higher category was

selected to consider subject as hypertensive.

140 mg/dl was

Waist circumference was taken after breath out.

It was measured at the level of midpoint of

lower margin of rib cage and the iliac crest to

nearest 0.1 cm. Cut off level of waist

90 cm and >80 cm for male

and female respectively. Height of each subject

was taken by height measuring scale with

out shoes, heels

attached, the hips and shoulders leaned against

the measuring scale with 0.1 cm as minimum

measuring unit. Weight of the each subject was

measured without shoes by using weighing

machine with 100gm as minimum measuring

unit. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated

as the weight in kilograms divided by the square

of height in meters. Cut off level for BMI was

taken as >25 to label a person as obese.

Observation

Out of 70 subjects, 30 were male and 40 were

female. Total 29 subjects were fo

BMI >25 and rest 41 were non obese with BMI

<25. Out of 29 obese subjects, 18 were

hypertensive and 11 were normotensive. Among

non obese subjects, 13 were hypertensive and

28 were normotensive. Out of 29 obese

subjects, 13 were diabetic and

diabetic. Among non obese subjects, 4 were

diabetic and 37 were non diabetic. Among 70

subjects, total 31 were hypertensive and 17

were diabetic as per Table –

Out of 30 males, 19 had waist circumference

cm and rest 11 had <90 cm. Amo

with waist circumference >90 cm, total 12 were

hypertensive and 4 were diabetic. Out of 40

females, 20 had waist circumference

rest 20 had <80 cm. Among 20 females with

waist circumference >80 cm, total 16 were

hypertensive and 8 were diabetic as per

2.

Discussion

Obesity and related co-morbidities are burning

problem in India in the current era, with morbid

obesity affecting 5% of the Indian

Almost 10% of India’s population was either

overweight or obese in 2006. Junk food and oily

food has become taste mark for Indian

population in current global food market.

Indians are genetically more susceptible to fat

accumulation especially around the waist [8

Page 13

measured without shoes by using weighing

machine with 100gm as minimum measuring

Index (BMI) was calculated

as the weight in kilograms divided by the square

of height in meters. Cut off level for BMI was

25 to label a person as obese.

Out of 70 subjects, 30 were male and 40 were

female. Total 29 subjects were found obese with

25 and rest 41 were non obese with BMI

<25. Out of 29 obese subjects, 18 were

hypertensive and 11 were normotensive. Among

non obese subjects, 13 were hypertensive and

28 were normotensive. Out of 29 obese

subjects, 13 were diabetic and 16 were non

diabetic. Among non obese subjects, 4 were

diabetic and 37 were non diabetic. Among 70

subjects, total 31 were hypertensive and 17

– 1.

Out of 30 males, 19 had waist circumference >90

cm and rest 11 had <90 cm. Among 19 males

90 cm, total 12 were

hypertensive and 4 were diabetic. Out of 40

females, 20 had waist circumference >80 cm and

rest 20 had <80 cm. Among 20 females with

80 cm, total 16 were

hypertensive and 8 were diabetic as per Table –

morbidities are burning

problem in India in the current era, with morbid

affecting 5% of the Indian population [7].

population was either

2006. Junk food and oily

food has become taste mark for Indian

population in current global food market.

Indians are genetically more susceptible to fat

especially around the waist [8].




Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of general

obesity and powerful predictor of type 2

diabetes while waist circumference m

the central obesity [9].

Problem of overweight is increasing than

underweight in most of the countries in both

urban and rural areas as per Mendez et al. [10

Consumption of high energy and fatty foods had

been linked to the risk of obesity by Hu

[11] and Lin et al. [12]. Sedentary lifestyle and

physical inactivity had been associated with

obesity and cardiovascular disease risk by

authors [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

associations between obesity and risks of

hypertension, diabetes, and other

cardiovascular diseases had been demonstrated

by various prospective and cross sectional

studies [19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27

The strong association between high BMI and

risk of hypertension was found by

during its prospective cohort study among 4920

subjects. Strong association between high BMI

and hypertension was also suggested by

National Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey III during 1988-1994 a

United States [29]. Prevalence of hypertension

was higher in females with BMI >25 as per Bhat

NA [30]. Higher prevalence of hypertension in

persons with BMI >25 was found by Patnaik L

[31] in his study at Orissa on 336 persons above

18 years of age.

Overweight and obesity were significantly

associated with diabetes and high blood

pressure was suggested by Mokadad AH [32

Risks of hypertension and diabetes were directly

related to waist circumference measurement as

per Olinto MTA [33]. Oksum IS [34

waist circumference was positively correlated

with blood pressure and fasting blood glucose.

Larger waist circumference identifies people at

increased cardiovascular risks as per Han TS




dex (BMI) is a measure of general

obesity and powerful predictor of type 2

diabetes while waist circumference measures

Problem of overweight is increasing than

underweight in most of the countries in both

Mendez et al. [10]

Consumption of high energy and fatty foods had

been linked to the risk of obesity by Hu et al.

]. Sedentary lifestyle and

physical inactivity had been associated with

disease risk by many

authors [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. Strong

obesity and risks of

hypertension, diabetes, and other

cardiovascular diseases had been demonstrated

and cross sectional

3, 24, 25, 26, 27].

he strong association between high BMI and

risk of hypertension was found by Gelber RP [28]

during its prospective cohort study among 4920

subjects. Strong association between high BMI

and hypertension was also suggested by

Nutrition Examination

1994 among adults of

Prevalence of hypertension

with BMI >25 as per Bhat

Higher prevalence of hypertension in

MI >25 was found by Patnaik L

n his study at Orissa on 336 persons above

Overweight and obesity were significantly

associated with diabetes and high blood

e was suggested by Mokadad AH [32].

Risks of hypertension and diabetes were directly

measurement as

per Olinto MTA [33]. Oksum IS [34] found that

waist circumference was positively correlated

with blood pressure and fasting blood glucose.

Larger waist circumference identifies people at

increased cardiovascular risks as per Han TS [35].

Our findings also correlated with above

mentioned different studies.

Conclusion

General obesity determined by help of BMI is

associated with hypertension and diabetes in

both males and females while central obesity

determined by help of waist circ


females only. Obesity associated co

can be early identified by routine screening of all

obese persons, so that many of the

complications can be prevented in future.

Acknowledgement

Author acknowledges the immense help

received from the scholars whose articles are

cited and included in references of this

manuscript. The author is

authors / editors /publishers of all those articles,

journals and books from where the li

this article has been reviewed and discussed.

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Our findings also correlated with above

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General obesity determined by help of BMI is


emales while central obesity

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Table – 1: Relation of BMI with hypertension and diabetes.

BMI Blood pressure

Hypertensive

>25 18

<25 13

Total 31

Table – 2: Relation of waist circumference with Hypertension and diabetes.

Waist

circumference

Blood pressure

Hypertensive

Male (n = 30)

>90 12

<90 2

Female (n = 40)

>80 16

<80 1




and type2 diabetes

in Nigerians, Jamaicans and African

Americans. Diabetes care, 1998; 21(11):

Han TS, Leer EM, Seidell JC, Lean MEJ.

Waist circumference action levels in the

cardiovascular risk

factors: Prevalence study in a ran

sample. BMJ, 1995; 311

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Relation of BMI with hypertension and diabetes.

Blood pressure Diabetes

Hypertensive Normotensive Diabetic

11 13

28 4

39 17

Relation of waist circumference with Hypertension and diabetes.

Blood pressure Diabetes

Hypertensive Normotensive Diabetic

7 4

9 4

4 8

19 1

Page 17

revalence study in a random

1995; 311: 1401.

None declared.

Non diabetic

16

37

53

Non diabetic

15

7

12

19

study of prevalence of obesity and associated co-morbidities among adults of gandhinagar, gujarat

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