Study presentation

Planet Earth and its representation

The UniverseWhat is the Universe?

The Universe is all the matter and space

that exists.

It’s made up of stars, planets and other

astronomical objects.

Scientists believe the Universe started with a big explosion called the Big

Bang. Pieces of matter expanded in different directions.

Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. It has a spiral shape.

Galaxies are systems that contain thousands of millions of stars,

together with gas and dust.

The UniverseWhat is the Solar System?

The Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy.

The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. Like other stars,

it produces light and heat.

There are eight planets orbiting the Sun.

Mercury

Venus

The Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

The Earth and the MoonHow does the Earth move?

Revolution

The Earth revolves around the Sun.

It takes exactly 365 days, six

hours and nine minutes to complete

one revolution.

Rotation

The Earth moves on its axis

producing day and night. One

rotation of the Earth

takes 24 hours.

The Earth and the MoonWhat are the phases of the Moon?

New moon: we can’t see the Moon at all. This is the beginning of thecycle.

Waxing crescent: theMoon appears. It looks like a slimcrescent.

First quarter: we can see half of theMoon. It looks like a D.

Waxing gibbous: wecan see most of theMoon.

Full moon: now we can see the whole Moon. Its angle in relation to the Sun means it’s alllit up.

Waning gibbous:the Moon starts to get

smaller again.

Third quarter:the Moon is

getting smaller. It looks like a C.

Waning crescent:the Moon has

almost disappeared.

The layers of the EarthWhat’s the Earth made of?

It’s often called the Blue Planet because 71%

of its surface is covered with water. The

Earth has various internal layers and an

atmosphere, which has different layers too.

The layers of the EarthWhat’s the Earth made of?

The inner core:scientists think the inner

core is solid and made of different metals.

The outer core:this layer is made of melted

iron and other metals.

Mantle:it contains magma.

Crust:this is a layer of solid rock. It coversthe surface of theEarth.

It’s the closest layer of the atmosphere to the Earth’ssurface. It contains air and is where the weather occurs. Troposphere

Stratosphere:this layer includes the

ozone layer, whichprotects life on Earth.

Ionosphere:this is the upper area of

the atmosphere.

Representing the Earth How do we represent the Earth?

GlobeSpherical representation

of the Earth in threedimensions.

PlanTwo-dimensional

representation of a room or building.

MapTwo-dimensional representationof the Earth on paper or another

flat surface.

Representing the Earth How do we represent the Earth?

Maps can be…

Physical

represent landforms and

relief (rivers, mountain

ranges and lakes)

Political

represent countries,

states, provinces and also

capital cities.

Representing the Earth How do we understand maps?

Scale

We useit to calculate the real distances

that a map represents.

It can be numerical (shows a proportion)

or graphic (appears as a bar divided into

centimetres).

Small drawings or lines which

represent different elements

of a landscape.

Symbols