STUDY THE EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF

NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES

Guided by presented byMr. K. KRISHNAMOORTHY M. BHUVANESHWARAN (1031104)Associate Professor M.E- II year- EDDept. Of Mechanical Engg. Dept. of Mechanical Engg. KSRCT KSRCT

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CONTENTS FOR DISCUSSION

• Objective• Abstract• Introduction• Literature survey• Problem identification• Methodology• Results and discussion• Conclusions• References

Objective

• To study the mechanical behavior of PALF composite materials with various surface treatments.

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AbstractIn this present work investigates the tensile, flexural and impact

properties of pineapple leaf fiber–epoxy composites as a function of different fiber length like 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm with different surface treatments like alkaline, Benzoylation, Acrylonitrile. The tensile strength of the composites were found to be increasing with fiber length acrylonitrile treated fibers 5 mm length. The flexural strength of the composites were to be found to be increasing with the alkaline treated 9 mm fiber length. The impact strength of the composites were to found to be increasing with the alkaline treated fibers (5, 7 mm) length. The mechanical properties of PALF/EPOXY composites are increased with surface treatments and fiber length.

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Introduction

• Recent days, industries and engineers have focused a huge research activity on natural fiber composite due to the low density and easy availability.

• Natural fiber are generally used as biodegradable material.

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Literature survey

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Title of the paper

CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL FIBER SURFACES AND NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES

N.Sgriccia, M.C.Hawley, M.Misra[Composites: Part A 39 (2008) 1632-1637]

Parameters kept constant/ materials for

study

Hemp and kenaf fibersEpoxy resin

Parameter varied

With three different fiber treatments: alkali, silane, alkali + silane and untreated

Inference/observation/conclusion

with justification

Kenaf fiber is treated with silane gives better flexural modulus. The mechanical properties of kenaf fiber is better than hemp fiber.

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Title of the paper

EFFECT OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON THE FIBRE STRUCTURE AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF

INDUSTRIAL HEMP FIBERSMoyeenuddin A. Sawpan, Kim L. Pickering, Alan Fernyhough

[Composites: Part A 42 (2011) 888-895]

Parameters kept constant/ materials for

studyHemp fibre

Parameter varied Alkaline, Silane, Maleic anhydride, Acetylatioon.

Inference/observation/conclusion

with justification

The tensile strength of NaOH treated fibers slightly higher than the other treatments.Combined treatment (Alkaline +Silane) the average tensile strength was decreased.

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Title of the paper

THE EFFECT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SUGAR PALM FIBRE REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES

D.Bachtiar, S.M.Sapuan, M.M.Hamdan[Materials and Design 29 (2008) 1285-1290]

Parameters kept constant/ materials for

study

Sugar palm fiberEpoxy resin

Parameter varied

Fiber treatment.Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at two different concentrations and three different soaking times.

Inference/observation/conclusion

with justification

As the alkali concentration increased, the tensile strength decreased for the case of 1hr of soaking time. For the case of 4 hr of soaking time, when the alkali concentration was increased, the strengths remain constant (37.56MPa).The significant increase tensile strength for 0.25M alkali concentration with 1 hr soaking time (49.88MPa).

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Title of the paper

CHEMICAL TREATMENTS OF NATURAL FIBER FOR USE IN NATURAL FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES: A REVIEW

[Polym Environ 15 (2007) 25-33]

• The different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites were reviewed.•Chemical treatments including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate and others were discussed.• The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength.

Title of the paper

A STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SHORT NATURAL-FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES

[Composite: Part B 36 (2005) 597-608]

• In this paper henequen fibers was used.•The surface treatments were: an alkali treatment, a silane coupling agent and the pre-impregnation process of the HDPE/xylene solution.•The comparison of tensile properties of the composites showed that the silane treatment and the matrix-resin pre-impregnation process of the fiber produced a significant increases in tensile strength.

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Title of the paper

STRENGTH AND ADHESION CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTARY FLAX FIBERS WITH DIFFERENT SURFACE

TREATMENTS [Composite: Part A 34 (2003) 603-612]

• Flax fibers can compete in terms of mechanical properties with glass fibers.• Untreated flax fibers and fibers coated by a special surface treatment are used.• Results show that there is a definite improvement in interfacial strength when a fiber surface treatment was applied.

Title of the paper

THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE-POLYPROPYLENE

COMPOSITES [Composite: Part A 28A (1997) 1001-1005]

• This article concerns the effectiveness of MAH-PP copolymers (graft copolymer of PP and maleic anhydride) as coupling agents in jute – polypropylene composites.•Flexural strength of the composites with MAH-PP treated fibers was higher than that of unmodified fibers.

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PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Based on the above literature survey it is found that the study of mechanical properties of PALF/epoxy composite yet to be explored.

PALF is potential alternatives for synthetic fibers.

Methodology • To collect the pineapple leaf• Extraction the fiber from pineapple leaf• To give the surface treatment for fiber• To choose the fiber & resin ratio• To make the samples by compression moulding• To cut specimen as per ASTM standard• Test the specimen as per ASTM standard• Result analysis

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MATERIALS USED

Fiber Palf fiber

Resin Epoxy (araldite LY 556)

Hardener Aradur HY 951

Wax Minolta super wax polish

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SURFACE TREATMENTS

Name of the treatment Chemicals used methods

Alkaline5 % of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Duration 1 Hr

BenzoylationPre treated with NaOH (5 % duration 1 Hr)Benzoyl chloride + NaOH (10 % + 10% duration 15 min )Ethanol duration 1 Hr

Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile (3 %)Di cumyl peroxide (0.5 %)Ethanol (96.5%)Duration 15 min

SAMPLES PREPARATION

• To prepare the samples as per standard size 300 X 300 X 3 mm

• The specimen for tensile test had been prepared according to ASTM D 3039 standards

• The specimen for flexural test had been prepared according to ASTM D 790 standards

• The specimen for impact test had been prepared according to ASTM D 256 standards

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Results and discussion

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TENSILE RESULTS

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COMPRATIVE TENSILE RESULTSUT-Un TreatedAK-AlkalineBZ-BenzoylationAC-Acrylonitrile

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FLEXURAL RESULTS UT-Un TreatedAK-AlkalineBZ-BenzoylationAC-Acrylonitrile

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COMPRATIVE FLEXURAL RESULTSUT-Un TreatedAK-AlkalineBZ-BenzoylationAC-Acrylonitrile

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COMPRATIVE IMPACT RESULTS

CONCLUSION

Mechanical behaviour of short PALF fiber reinforced epoxy composites were studied.

From the close results obtained for epoxy composites with untreated, alkaline, benzoylation and acrylonitrile treated PALF fibers, acrylonitrile treated fibers (5 mm) have good adhesion with the epoxy resin for tensile properties.

At the same time alkaline treated fibers (5,7 mm) shows good result in impact properties.

Flexural strength of the alkaline treated 9 mm fiber length was obtained good result.

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The fiber with 7, 9 mm length of alkaline treated gives good results due to better mechanical interlocking between fiber and matrix.

From the above result it can be concluded that the 3 mm fiber were not suitable for short fiber (PALF) epoxy composite.

It can be concluded that surface treatment of the fibers is necessary to get composites with moderate mechanical properties as well as better adhesion between fibers and matrix.

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Thank you