studyonthethermalenvironment …jds/pdf/2013seminar presentation/le khanh ly.pdf2 introduction...
TRANSCRIPT
Master’s in Environmental Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences
University of Tsukuba
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba
Presenter : LE KHANH LY Student ID : 201225032 Supervisor : 村上 暁信
STUDY ON THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESIDENTS’ BEHAVIOR IN THE COURTYARD OF TRADITIONAL TUBE
HOUSES IN HANOI, VIETNAM.
2
INTRODUCTION RESEARCH REVIEW
EVAP
ORA
TION
CONVE
CTION
RADIAT
ION
RADIAT
ION
CONDUCTION
Personal factors Metabolic rate (activity) Clothing
Environmental factors Air temperature
Humidity Radiation Air velocity
Thermal Exchange between the Human Body and its Environment
(source: www.archinology.com )
CHARACTERISTICS of Vietnam
traditional house
THERMAL COMFORT IN TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN THE WORD • Thermal comfort in Deachung of Korean traditional house
(2008) • Thermal comfort in Malay house (2012) • Thermal comfort in Chinese shop house in Malaysia (2009)
3
INTRODUCTION STUDY SITE
Hanoi
Ho Chi Minh City
Laos
Cambodia
China
Vietnam map
• In center of Hanoi, Area: 91ha, covering 10 wards • Population: 66,660, density of around 840 people/ha (2011) • 800 years of history, became a national historical relic (designated in
2001) • Conservation and restoration are identi_ied
3km
N
Hanoi Old Quarter
Thang Long Old Castle
French Quarter
Hanoi Satellite map
4 Tube house has dark narrow alley
Hanoi Old Quarter is a naHonal cultural heritage
• 1,080 ancient houses were found in Hanoi ’s Old Quarter.
Living condiHon problem: Living condi*ons will further deteriorate, 1 house but have 21 house holds, no WC, no space to relax, bad microclimate (no space to get light, high temperature in summer, no venHlaHon space)
INTRODUCTION STUDY SITE
Courtyard in ancient house
Courtyard is a characteristic of Hanoi ancient tube house but now it’s disappearing cause replaced by new building.
Courtyard in past and now
courtyard
It is necessary to assess relationship of resident behavior and thermal environment of courtyard in Hanoi tube house to provide the basis for conservation this space or not.
5
• TO CLARIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AT THE COURTYARD AND THE RESIDENT’S BEHAVIOR
PURPOSE OBJECTIVE
ü Conduct to survey for ancient tube houses in Hanoi Old Quarter (taking photos)
Houses were surveyed
Taking photo
STUDY SITE OBSERVATION
GREEN TREE AND HAVING TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN COURTYARD ARE VERY SCARCELY
NARROW ALLEY IN THE HOUSES HAVE A LOT OF HOUSE HOLDS
COURTYARD IS A COMMON YARD WITH A LOT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE HOUSE HAVE MANY HOUSE HOLDS
50 Houses were suveyed with 227 households
Houses in Hanoi Old Quarter on 3rd July to 28th August (by Le Khanh Ly)
FIELD SURVEY TO COLECT DATA FOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES.
METHODOLOGY OBSERVATION
6 6
Houses were surveyed
Taking photo
STUDY SITE OBSERVATION
GREEN TREE AND HAVING TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN COURTYARD ARE VERY SCARCELY
NARROW ALLEY IN THE HOUSES HAVE A LOT OF HOUSE HOLDS
COURTYARD IS A COMMON YARD WITH A LOT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE HOUSE HAVE MANY HOUSE HOLDS
50 Houses were suveyed with 227 households
Houses in Hanoi Old Quarter on 3rd July to 28th August (by Le Khanh Ly)
FIELD SURVEY TO COLECT DATA FOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES.
METHODOLOGY OBSERVATION
ü Synthesizing map and material related to characteristic of Hanoi ancient tube houses: collected drawings including plans, cross sections and data of building materials
AutoCad drawings of 87 Mamay (source: Hanoi ancient house Department )
AutoCad drawings of 70 Mamay ( by LeKhanhLy)
7
ü Conduct to survey for ancient tube houses in Hanoi Old Quarter (taking photos)
Houses were surveyed
Taking photo
STUDY SITE OBSERVATION
GREEN TREE AND HAVING TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN COURTYARD ARE VERY SCARCELY
NARROW ALLEY IN THE HOUSES HAVE A LOT OF HOUSE HOLDS
COURTYARD IS A COMMON YARD WITH A LOT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE HOUSE HAVE MANY HOUSE HOLDS
50 Houses were suveyed with 227 households
Houses in Hanoi Old Quarter on 3rd July to 28th August (by Le Khanh Ly)
METHODOLOGY OBSERVATION
8
ü Synthesizing map and material related to characteristic of Hanoi ancient tube houses: collected drawings including plans, cross sections and data of building materials
AutoCad drawings of 87 Mamay (source: Hanoi ancient house Department )
OBSERVATION OF RESIDENTS’ BEHAVIOR BY INTERVAL CAMERA
ü Using INTERVAL CAMERA (RECOLO) to record the human activities in the ancient tube houses.
Interval camera (RECOLO)
8 Houses were set up interval camera on 3rd July to 28th August
8
FIELD SURVEY TO COLECT DATA FOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES.
ü Conduct to survey for ancient tube houses in Hanoi Old Quarter (taking photos)
Houses were surveyed
Taking photo
STUDY SITE OBSERVATION
GREEN TREE AND HAVING TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN COURTYARD ARE VERY SCARCELY
NARROW ALLEY IN THE HOUSES HAVE A LOT OF HOUSE HOLDS
COURTYARD IS A COMMON YARD WITH A LOT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE HOUSE HAVE MANY HOUSE HOLDS
50 Houses were suveyed with 227 households
Houses in Hanoi Old Quarter on 3rd July to 28th August (by Le Khanh Ly)
FIELD SURVEY TO COLECT DATA FOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES.
METHODOLOGY OBSERVATION
9
ü Synthesizing map and material related to characteristic of Hanoi ancient tube houses: collected drawings including plans, cross sections and data of building materials
AutoCad drawings of 87 Mamay (source: Hanoi ancient house Department )
AutoCad drawings of 70 Mamay ( by LeKhanhLy)
OBSERVATION OF RESIDENTS’ BEHAVIOR BY INTERVAL CAMERA
ü Using INTERVAL CAMERA (RECOLO) to record the human activities in the ancient tube houses.
Interval camera (RECOLO)
8 Houses were set up interval camera on 3rd July to 28th August FIELD SURVEY TO COLLECT DATA OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, HOURLY SUNLIGHT, SOLAR RADIATION, WIND SPEED.
ü Collect data of Hourly sunlight, solar radiation and wind speed from Hydro Meteorological Data Center.
ü Using Temperature Data loggers (Temperature and Humidity Recorder) in ancient tube house.
Courtyard
Outdoor measurement
Indoor measurement
Courtyard measurement
1.5 m
Temperature Data Loggers Set up equipment location
9
ü Conduct to survey for ancient tube houses in Hanoi Old Quarter (taking photos)
Houses were surveyed
Taking photo
STUDY SITE OBSERVATION
GREEN TREE AND HAVING TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN COURTYARD ARE VERY SCARCELY
NARROW ALLEY IN THE HOUSES HAVE A LOT OF HOUSE HOLDS
COURTYARD IS A COMMON YARD WITH A LOT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE HOUSE HAVE MANY HOUSE HOLDS
50 Houses were suveyed with 227 households
Houses in Hanoi Old Quarter on 3rd July to 28th August (by Le Khanh Ly)
FIELD SURVEY TO COLECT DATA FOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES.
METHODOLOGY OBSERVATION
10
ü Synthesizing map and material related to characteristic of Hanoi ancient tube houses: collected drawings including plans, cross sections and data of building materials
AutoCad drawings of 87 Mamay (source: Hanoi ancient house Department )
AutoCad drawings of 70 Mamay ( by LeKhanhLy)
OBSERVATION OF RESIDENTS’ BEHAVIOR BY INTERVAL CAMERA
ü Using INTERVAL CAMERA (RECOLO) to record the human activities in the ancient tube houses.
Interval camera (RECOLO)
8 Houses were set up interval camera on 3rd July to 28th August FIELD SURVEY TO COLLECT DATA OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, HOURLY SUNLIGHT, SOLAR RADIATION, WIND SPEED.
ü Collect data of Hourly sunlight, solar radiation and wind speed from Hydro Meteorological Data Center.
ü Using Temperature Data loggers (Temperature and Humidity Recorder) in ancient tube house.
Courtyard
Outdoor measurement
Indoor measurement
Courtyard measurement
1.5 m
Temperature Data Loggers Set up equipment location
INTERVIEW INVESTIGATION
Items Contents
Periods 2013/7/3~ 2013/8/28
Surveyed Residents living in Hanoi Ancient tube houses
Methods Answer questionnaire
Effective replies
100 people answer questionnaire
INVESTIGATION SUMMARY
No Group of contents 1 Resident general information (gender, age, name, address) 2 House’s general information
3 Electricity consumption in the house
4 Current status of courtyard
5 Courtyard utilization
6 Resident desires about their houses, their courtyard ( preserve, restore, renovate, replace)
QUESTIONNAIRE CONTENTS 10
11
METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS
CREATING 3D CAD MODEL FOR SURVEYED TUBE HOUSES AND SURROUNDING AREA
ORIGINAL ANCIENT HOUSE
ANCIENT HOUSE HAS BEEN DISTORTED
LUONG NGOC QUYEN STREET
MA MAY STREET
HANG BAC STREET
PHAT LOC ALLEY
3D-‐ CAD model example-‐ Ma May Street Block ( Vector Work software-‐ by Le Khanh Ly)
2D-‐ CAD plan of MaMay Street Block ( AutoCad software-‐ by Le Khanh Ly)
Location of MaMay Street Block ( Source: Hanoi ancient Houses Management Department)
SIMULATION OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES BY THERMO RENDER
Calculate surface temperature and Mean Radiation Temperature (MRT) distribution map for 3D-‐ Model by Thermal Render
For example of Surface temperature MRT distribution map 11
ANALYSIS THE RELATIONSHIP OF RESIDENT BEHAVIOR AND THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN COURTYARD OF THIS TUBE HOUSE
COMFORTABLE SPACE ?
RESIDENTS USING?
INTERVIEW RESULTS
COURTYARD SHOULD BE MAINTAINED OR NOT?
11
RESULT INTERVIEW RESULTS
21% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Under 10 m2 10~20m2 Over 20m2
Living area per person
21% 79%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Number of households One household Many households
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Greenery in the house
30%
38% 10%
22%
Number of Courtyard in the house
House have 1 courtyard
House have 2 courtyard
House have more than 2 courtyard Houses don't have courtyard
LIVING CONDITION
12
13
RESULT INTERVIEW RESULTS
72% 21% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Under 10 m2 10~20m2 Over 20m2
Living area per person
21% 79%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Number of households One household Many households
24%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Greenery in the house
30%
38% 10%
22%
Number of Courtyard in the house
House have 1 courtyard
House have 2 courtyard
House have more than 2 courtyard Houses don't have courtyard
LIVING CONDITION
Good 17%
Normal 28%
Bad 55%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Lack of space to live
Lack of green space
High temperature in the summer
Inadequate sanitation
Degradation of the house
Lack of sunlight
Lack of ventilation
Lack of community
100%
22%
71%
76%
82%
55%
42%
20%
REASONS FOR BAD EVALUATION
RESIDENTS’ SELF-‐ PERPECTIVE
LIVING CONDITION
13
RESULT INTERVIEW RESULTS
14
usually 80%
sometime 12% rarely
5%
never 3%
Courtyards utilization rate
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Relaxing
Taking care of _lower and trees
Eating and Drinking tea
Playing with children or pets
Spend with family and friends
Going some where
19%
15%
11%
28%
24%
83%
COURTYARD UTILIZATION TYPE 1: ACTIVITIES ACCORDANCE WITH ORIGINAL FUNCTION OF COURTYARD
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Cooking
Parking
Drying clothes
Face washing, bathing
Talking with neighbors
53%
49%
59%
29%
56%
TYPE 2: ACTIVITIES ACCORDANCE WITH NEW FUNCTION OF COURTYARD
RESULT INTERVIEW RESULTS
15
COURTYARD UTILIZATION
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Save energy consumption
Cooler than indoor spaces
More ventilated than indoor spaces
Have a beautiful garden in courtyard
Linking between buildings
Lack living spaces in the houses, courtyard is used like indoor spaces
Communication space
35%
23%
50%
14%
83%
85%
58%
REASONS WHY RESIDENTS USE COURTYARD ON PREMISES
RESULT INTERVIEW RESULTS
16
RESIDENTS’ DESIRES
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
40%
15%
10%
31%
4%
RESIDENTS' DESIRES ABOUT COURTYARD
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Need to have comprehensive investment projects to restore and preserve
Citizents have knowledges and strongly desire to maintain traditional value and environment living
Need to have resonable govement policies to reduce high density in ancient houses
Need to have knowledges about using courtyard to save energy consumption
73%
23%
38%
67%
RESIDENTS' IDEAL: HOW TO PRESERVE OR RESTORE COURTYARD
Don’t care
Replace CY by new building
Renovate the CY style
Restore CY to traditional style
Preserve the CY
RESULT SIMULATION MODEL
MAKE 3D-‐ CAD MODEL BY VECTOR WORK SOFTWARE
17
Houses were set up equipment Group of houses
HOUSES OBSERVATION
GROUP 1
GROUP 2 GROUP 3
GROUP OF HOUSES TIME SET UP EQUIPMENT
Group 1: 20 Bat Su, 7 Hang Dieu 2013/7/22~ 2013/7/29
Group 2: 114 Hang Bac, 176 Hang Bac, 33 Hang Dieu
203/7/30~2013/8/6
Group 3: 87 Ma May, 70 Ma may, 32 Phat Loc
2013/8/12~2013/8/19
3D-‐ CAD MODEL OF GROUP 3-‐ MAMAY AREA (by Le Khanh Ly)
87 MA MAY
70 MA MAY
32 PHAT LOC
RESULT SIMULATION MODEL
MAKE 3D-‐ CAD MODEL BY VECTOR WORK SOFTWARE
No 32 PHAT LOC ALLEY No 70 MAMAY STREET No 87 MAMAY STREET
PLAN
Courtyard Courtyard Courtyard
PERPECTIVE
CONDITIONS • Has 1 house hold (5 people).
• 1 CY between 2 buildings. • Material of the house is mix
b e t w e e n t r a d i t i o n a l material and new material.
• Has 8 house hold (40 people) • Courtyard became the alley to approach the buildings
• Most of material of this house is new material.
• Original ancient house, became museum for tourist.
• 2 CY between 3 buildings. • Most of material in this
h o u s e i s t r a d i t i o n a l material
18
33.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
08/07 08/08 08/09 08/10 08/11 08/12 08/13 08/14 08/15 08/16 08/17 08/18
Humidity
(%)
Tempe
rature (℃
)
Date
Outdoor Avg Tempurature Avg Humidity
RESULT SIMULATION MODEL
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FROM MEASUREMENT DATA
Items Contents Time set up equipment 2013/8/12~ 2013/8/19
Setup Temperature Data Loggers
-‐ Above ground level: 1.5m -‐ 1 equipment in courtyard, 1 in living room
Address 70 MaMay, 87 MaMay, 32 Phat Loc in Ma May Block Street
8/14 19
33.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
08/07 08/08 08/09 08/10 08/11 08/12 08/13 08/14 08/15 08/16 08/17 08/18
Humidity
(%)
Tempe
rature (℃
)
Date
Outdoor Avg Tempurature Avg Humidity
RESULT SIMULATION MODEL
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FROM MEASUREMENT DATA
Items Contents Time set up equipment 2013/8/12~ 2013/8/19
Setup Temperature Data Loggers
-‐ Above ground level: 1.5m -‐ 1 equipment in courtyard, 1 in living room
Address 70 MaMay, 87 MaMay, 32 Phat Loc in Ma May Block Street
8/14 20 Hourly temperature and humidity of 3 houses on 14th August
34.5
39.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Tempe
rature (℃
)
Indoor Average Temperature
Courtyard Average Temperature
43.04
32.38
0
10
20
30
40
50
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Tempe
rature(℃
)
Courtyard Average Temperature Indoor Average Temperature
No 32 PHAT LOC ALLEY
No 70 MAMAY STREET
No 87 MAMAY STREET
Time
Time
Time
90.4 82
0
20
40
60
80
100
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Courtyard Average Humidity
Indoor Average Humidity
74.7
79.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Courtyard Average Humidity Indoor Average Humidity
76.0
44.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Indoor Average Humidity Courtyard Average Humidity
Time
Time
Time
Humidity
(%)
Humidity
(%)
Humidity
(%)
32.84 32.19
0
10
20
30
40
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Temperature( ℃
)
Courtyard Average Temperature
Indoor Average Temperature
20
RESULT SIMULATION MODEL
21
12h00 14th August -‐ SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF THREE HOUSES
MAKE THEMAL MODEL BY THERMO RENDER SOFTWARE
87 MA MAY
32 PHAT LOC
70 MA MAY
22
Tourist takes a photo
Prepare for cooking
12h00 14th August – In courtyard-‐ 87 Ma May
DISCUSSION
PEOPLE ENJOY IN THE COOLER AREA OF THE COURTYARD
35.5
(Air temperature: 38.1 oC)
23
DISCUSSION
COURTYARD IS VERY NARROW, HAVE A LOT OF SHADOW ON THIS AREA. DEPEND ON TYPE OF RESIDENTS ACTIVITIES, THE SHADOW IS COMFORTABLE OR NOT.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Cooking Parking
Drying clothes Face washing, bathing Talking with neighbors
53% 49% 59%
29% 56%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Relaxing
Taking care of dlower and trees
Eating and Drinking tea
Playing with children or pets
Spend with family and friends
Going some where
19%
15%
11%
28%
24%
83%
Drying clothes need sunlight (photo at 78 Hang Dao)
Playing with children under the shadow in courtyard (photo at 87 Ma May)
DISCUSSION
RESIDENTS’S BEHAVIOR AT COURTYARD IN THE PAST
Children played in courtyard
Traditional music in the rich family
Bonsai care of elderly
Cultural beauty in Hanoi’s people lifestyle
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Save energy consumption
Cooler than indoor spaces
More ventilated than indoor spaces
Have a beautiful garden in courtyard
Linking between buildings
Lack living spaces in the houses, courtyard is used like indoor spaces
Communication space
35%
23%
50%
14%
83%
85%
58%
REASONS WHY RESIDENTS USE COURTYARD ON PREMISES
A LOT OF HANOI OLD TUBE HOUSES HAVE MANY HOUSEHOLDS, A LOT OF INDOOR ACTIVITIES IN COURTYARD.
Personal cleanliness
cooking
Temporary bathroom and WC
INTERVAL CAMERA: Resident behavior at courtyard in 20 Bat Su 24
25
NO PERIOD WORK
01 DEC /2013
• Continuing simulation of 8 ancient tube houses by Vector Work software, and make a Thermal Render model.
• Continuing analysis Interval Recorder result to clarify relationship of residents’ behavior and Thermal environment characteristics.
02 JAN/2014 • Complete assessment relationship between residents’ behavior and thermal environment
• Conclusion and propose some solutions for courtyards.
03 FEB ~ APR/2014 • Complete the research paper.
04 MAY/2014 • Final presentation
FUTURE WORK
26
1) Verbeek, Peter-‐Paul; Slob, Adriaan (Eds.),2006, Shaping Sustainable Relations Between Consumers and Technologies, XVI, 409 p.
2) Kim, Dowon Lee. 2008.The inVluent of wind Vlows on thermal comfort in the Daechung of traditional Korean house. Pp 21-‐25. (http://www.sciencedirect.com)
3) Miyoko SHIMOKAWA, Tetsuo TEZUKA, 2012. A study on a relationship between cognition of greenery environment in residential area and energy-‐ saving lifestyle in Japan
4) Richard J.de Dear, Gail S. Brager . 2002. Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55. Pp 551-‐556 (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enbuild)
5) Ramli. 2012. Re-‐adaptation of Malay House Thermal Comfort Design Elements into Modern Building Elements – Case Study of Selangor Traditional Malay House & Low Energy Building in Malaysia. pp 19-‐23 (http:// 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2012.03.05.04)
6) Tetsu Kubota. 2009. Thermal comfort in traditional Malay house. In lecture “Sustainable Architect”, Hiroshima University.
7) To Kien .2008. Conservation pressing task and new documentation of old tube houses in Hanoi Old Quarter through the case of No. 47 Hang Bac Street house, Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), Tokyo, No.624.
8) Hoang Huu Phe & Nishimura. 1990. "Historical environment & housing conditions in "36 old streets" Quarter of Hanoi". Bangkok.
9) To Kien. 2008. Old tube house and neo tube house in Hanoi: comparative study on identify and topology. International conference on East Asian Architectural Culture, Kumamoto University.
10) Y.Xiong, 2007,the impact of exterior environmental comfort on residential behavior from the insight of building energy conservation: A Case study on Lower Ngau Tau KOK estate in Hong Kong, 2nd PALENC conference and 28th AIV Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advance Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century
REFERENCES
27