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Study Section: This section will have 13 Sections Clicking the study section will bring up the following choices Part 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology Part 2: Body Structure Part 3: Integumentary System Part 4: Musculoskeletal System Part 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology When this is clicked the following choice will appear Common Prefixes Number Prefixes Common Suffixes Adjective Suffixes Surgical Suffixes Procedural Suffixes Quiz Common Prefixes: When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart Common Prefixes—when written by themselves, prefixes are followed by a hyphen. Prefix Meaning Example (Definition) a- without, away aphasia (without speech) from an- without anoxia (without oxygen) ante- before, in front of antepartum (before birth) anti- against antibiotic (against life) auto- self autograft (a graft from one’s own body) brady- slow bradycardia (slow heart beat) dys- painful, difficult dyspnea (painful breathing) endo- within, inner endoscope (instrument to view within)

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Study Section: This section will have 13 SectionsClicking the study section will bring up the following choices

Part 1: Introduction to Medical TerminologyPart 2: Body StructurePart 3: Integumentary SystemPart 4: Musculoskeletal System

Part 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology

When this is clicked the following choice will appear

Common PrefixesNumber PrefixesCommon SuffixesAdjective SuffixesSurgical SuffixesProcedural SuffixesQuiz

Common Prefixes:When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart

Common Prefixes—when written by themselves, prefixes are followed by a hyphen.

Prefix Meaning Example (Definition)a- without, away aphasia (without speech)

froman- without anoxia (without oxygen)ante- before, in front of antepartum (before birth)anti- against antibiotic (against life)auto- self autograft (a graft from one’s own body)brady- slow bradycardia (slow heart beat)dys- painful, difficult dyspnea (painful breathing)endo- within, inner endoscope (instrument to view within)epi- upon, over epigastric (upon or over the stomach)eu- normal, good eupnea (normal breathing)hetero- different heterograft (graft from another person’s body)homo- same homozygous (having two identical genes)hydro- water hydrotherapy (water therapy)hyper- over, above hypertrophy (overdevelopment)hypo- under, below hypoglossal (under the tongue)infra- under, beneath, infraorbital (below, under the eye socket)

belowinter- among, between intervertebral (between the vertebrae)

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intra- within, inside intravenous (inside, within a vein)macro- large macrocephalic (having a large head)micro- small microcephalic (having a small head)neo- new neonate (newborn)pan- all pancarditis (inflammation of the entire heart)para- beside, beyond, paranasal (near or alongside the nose)

nearper- through percutaneous (through the skin)peri- around pericardial (around the heart)post- after postpartum (after birth)pre- before, in front of prefrontal (in front of the frontal bone)pseudo- false pseudocyesis (false pregnancy)retro- backward, behind retrograde (movement in a backward direction)sub- below, under subcutaneous (under, below the skin)super- above, excess supernumerary (above the normal number)supra- above suprapubic (above the pubic bone)tachy- rapid, fast tachycardia (fast heart beat)trans- through, across transurethral (across the urethra)ultra- beyond, excess ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves)

Number PrefixesWhen this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart

Number Prefixes—pertain to the number of items or measurement.

Prefix Meaning Example (Definition)bi- two bilateral (two sides)di- two diplegic (paralysis of two extremities)hemi- half hemiplegia (paralysis of one side/half of

the body)mono- one monoplegia (paralysis of one extremity)multi- many multigravida (woman pregnant more than

once)nulli- none nulligravida (woman with no pregnancies)poly- many polyuria (large amounts of urine)quad- four quadriplegia (paralysis of all four extremities)semi- partial, half semiconscious (partially conscious)tri- three triceps (muscle with three heads)uni- one unilateral (one side)

Common SuffixesWhen this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart

Suffix Meaning Example (Definition)-algia pain gastralgia (stomach pain)-cele hernia, protrusion cystocele (protrusion of the bladder)-cise cut incision (to cut into)-dynia pain cardiodynia (heart pain)-ectasis dilatation bronchiectasis (dilated bronchi)-ectopia displacement corectopia (pupil of the eye not centered)-gen that which mutagen (that which produces mutations)

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produces-genesis produces, generates osteogenesis (produces bone)-genic producing carcinogenic (producing cancer)-ia state, condition hemiplegia (condition of being half

paralyzed)-iasis abnormal condition lithiasis (abnormal condition of stones)-ism state of hypothyroidism (state of low thyroid)-itis inflammation cellulitis (inflammation of cells)-logist one who studies cardiologist (one who studies the heart)-logy study of cardiology (study of the heart)-lysis destruction osteolysis (bone destruction)-malacia abnormal softening chondromalacia (abnormal cartilage

softening)-megaly enlargement, large cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)-oma tumor, mass carcinoma (cancerous tumor)-osis abnormal condition cyanosis (abnormal condition of being blue)-pathy disease myopathy (muscle disease)-plasia development, dysplasia (abnormal development)

growth-plasm formation, neoplasm (new formation)

development-ptosis drooping proctoptosis (drooping rectum)-rrhage excessive, hemorrhage (excessive bleeding)

abnormal flow-rrhea discharge, flow rhinorrhea (discharge from the nose)-rrhexis rupture hysterorrhexis (ruptured uterus)-sclerosis hardening arteriosclerosis (hardening of an artery)-stenosis narrowing angiostenosis (narrowing of a vessel)-therapy treatment chemotherapy (treatment with chemicals)-trophy nourishment, hypertrophy (excessive development)

development-uria condition of the hematuria (blood in the urine)

urine

Adjective SuffixesWhen this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart

Adjective Suffixes—used to convert a word root into an adjective. Thesesuffixes usually are translated as “pertaining to.”

Suffix Meaning Example (Definition)-ac pertaining to cardiac (pertaining to the heart)-al pertaining to duodenal (pertaining to the duodenum)-an pertaining to ovarian (pertaining to the ovary)-ar pertaining to ventricular (pertaining to a ventricle)-ary pertaining to pulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)-eal pertaining to esophageal (pertaining to the esophagus)-iac pertaining to iliac (pertaining to the ilium)-ic pertaining to gastric (pertaining to the stomach)-ical pertaining to neurological (pertaining to the study of

the nerves)-ile pertaining to penile (pertaining to the penis)-ior pertaining to superior (pertaining to above)-ory pertaining to auditory (pertaining to hearing)

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-ose pertaining to adipose (pertaining to fat)-ous pertaining to intravenous (pertaining to within a vein)-tic pertaining to acoustic (pertaining to hearing)

Surgical SuffixesWhen this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart

Surgical Suffixes—used to indicate surgical procedures, their meanings,and examples of their use.

Suffix Meaning Example (Definition)-centesis puncture to withdraw arthrocentesis (puncture to withdraw

fluid fluid from a joint)-ectomy surgical removal gastrectomy (surgically remove the

stomach)-ostomy surgically create an colostomy (surgically create an

opening opening for the colon through theabdominal wall)

-otomy cutting into thoracotomy (cutting into the chest)-pexy surgical fixation nephropexy (surgical fixation of a

kidney)-plasty surgical repair dermatoplasty (surgical repair of the

skin)-rrhaphy suture myorrhaphy (suture together muscle)

Procedural SuffixesWhen this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart

Procedural Suffixes—used to indicate procedural processes orinstruments, their meanings, and examples of their use.

Suffix Meaning Example (Definition)-gram record or picture electrocardiogram (record of heart’s

electricity)-graph instrument for electrocardiograph (instrument for

recording recording the heart’s electricalactivity)

-graphy process of recording electrocardiography (process ofrecording the heart’s electricalactivity)

-meter instrument for audiometer (instrument to measuremeasuring hearing)

-metry process of measuring audiometry (process of measuringhearing)

-scope instrument for viewing gastroscope (instrument to viewstomach)

-scopy process of visually gastroscopy (process of visuallyexamining examining the stomach)

QUIZ SectionChoices presented

Quiz 1AQuiz 1BQuiz 1CQuiz 1DQuiz 1E

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(any previous quiz results should show next to quiz choice as score x (correct) out of x(# questions) Example “10/14” – Only last quiz score taken should show)

Quiz 1A: Directions: Define the combining forms in the spaces provided.

1. aden/o ___________________________________________________________________________________2. carcin/o __________________________________________________________________________________3. cardi/o ___________________________________________________________________________________4. chem/o __________________________________________________________________________________5. cis/o _____________________________________________________________________________________6. dermat/o _________________________________________________________________________________7. enter/o ___________________________________________________________________________________8. gastr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________9. gynec/o __________________________________________________________________________________10. hemat/o __________________________________________________________________________________11. hydr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________12. immun/o _________________________________________________________________________________13. laryng/o __________________________________________________________________________________14. morph/o _________________________________________________________________________________15. nephr/o __________________________________________________________________________________16. neur/o ___________________________________________________________________________________17. ophthalm/o _______________________________________________________________________________18. ot/o ________________________________________________________________________________________19. path/o ______________________________________________________________________________________20. pulmon/o ___________________________________________________________________________________21. rhin/o ______________________________________________________________________________________22. ur/o ________________________________________________________________________________________

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User Types in Answer then hits done and is shown results. Wrong answers highlighted and right answer givenResults should automatically be saved as score x (correct) out of x(# questions)

QUIZ 1BDirections: Define the prefixes in the spaces provided.1. a- __________________________________________________________________________________________2. an- _________________________________________________________________________________________3. ante- _______________________________________________________________________________________4. anti- _____________________________________________________________________________________5. auto-_____________________________________________________________________________________6. brady- ___________________________________________________________________________________7. dys- _____________________________________________________________________________________8. endo- ____________________________________________________________________________________9. epi- ______________________________________________________________________________________10. eu- ______________________________________________________________________________________11. hetero- ___________________________________________________________________________________12. homo- ___________________________________________________________________________________13. hydro- ___________________________________________________________________________________14. hyper- ___________________________________________________________________________________15. hypo- ____________________________________________________________________________________16. infra- ____________________________________________________________________________________17. inter- ____________________________________________________________________________________18. intra- ____________________________________________________________________________________19. macro- ___________________________________________________________________________________20. micro- ___________________________________________________________________________________21. neo- _____________________________________________________________________________________22. pan- _____________________________________________________________________________________23. para- ______________________________________________________________________________________

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_24. per- ________________________________________________________________________________________25. peri- _____________________________________________________________________________________26. post- _____________________________________________________________________________________27. pre- ________________________________________________________________________________________28. pseudo- __________________________________________________________________________________29. retro- ____________________________________________________________________________________30. sub- ________________________________________________________________________________________31. super- ______________________________________________________________________________________32. supra- ______________________________________________________________________________________33. tachy- ______________________________________________________________________________________34. trans- ____________________________________________________________________________________35. ultra- ____________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 1CDirections: Define the prefixes in the spaces provided.1. bi- _________________________________________________________________________________________2. di- _________________________________________________________________________________________3. hemi- ______________________________________________________________________________________4. mono- ______________________________________________________________________________________5. multi- ______________________________________________________________________________________6. nulli- _______________________________________________________________________________________7. poly- _______________________________________________________________________________________8. quad- _______________________________________________________________________________________9. semi- _______________________________________________________________________________________

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10. tri- _________________________________________________________________________________________11. uni- ________________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 1DDirections: Define the suffixes in the spaces provided.1. -algia ____________________________________________________________________________________2. -cele _____________________________________________________________________________________3. -cise _____________________________________________________________________________________4. -dynia ___________________________________________________________________________________5. -ectasis ___________________________________________________________________________________6. -ectopia __________________________________________________________________________________7. -gen _____________________________________________________________________________________8. -genesis __________________________________________________________________________________9. -genic ____________________________________________________________________________________10. -ia _______________________________________________________________________________________11. -iasis _____________________________________________________________________________________12. -ism _____________________________________________________________________________________13. -itis ______________________________________________________________________________________14. -logist ____________________________________________________________________________________15. -logy _____________________________________________________________________________________16. -lysis ____________________________________________________________________________________17. -malacia __________________________________________________________________________________18. -megaly __________________________________________________________________________________19. -oma ____________________________________________________________________________________20. -osis _____________________________________________________________________________________21. -pathy ___________________________________________________________________________________22. -plasia ___________________________________________________________________________________23. -plasm

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______________________________________________________________________________________24. -ptosis ______________________________________________________________________________________25. -rrhage _____________________________________________________________________________________26. -rrhea ______________________________________________________________________________________27. -rrhexis _____________________________________________________________________________________28. -sclerosis ____________________________________________________________________________________29. -stenosis ____________________________________________________________________________________30. -therapy ____________________________________________________________________________________31. -trophy _____________________________________________________________________________________32. -uria _____________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 1EDirections: Define the suffixes in the spaces provided.1. -centesis __________________________________________________________________________________2. -ectomy __________________________________________________________________________________3. -gram ____________________________________________________________________________________4. -graph ___________________________________________________________________________________5. -graphy __________________________________________________________________________________6. -meter ___________________________________________________________________________________7. -metry ___________________________________________________________________________________8. -ostomy __________________________________________________________________________________9. -otomy ___________________________________________________________________________________10. -pexy ____________________________________________________________________________________11. -plasty ___________________________________________________________________________________12. -rrhaphy _________________________________________________________________________________13. -scope ___________________________________________________________________________________14. -scopy ___________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 1A Answer KeyCombining Form Meaning1. aden/o gland2. carcin/o cancer

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3. cardi/o heart4. chem/o chemical5. cis/o to cut6. dermat/o skin7. enter/o small intestines8. gastr/o stomach9. gynec/o female10. hemat/o blood11. hydr/o water12. immun/o immune13. laryng/o voice box14. morph/o shape15. nephr/o kidney16. neur/o nerve17. ophthalm/o eye18. ot/o ear19. path/o disease20. pulmon/o lung21. rhin/o nose22. ur/o urine, urinary tract

QUIZ 1B Answer KeyCommon Prefix Meaning1. a- without, away from2. an- without3. ante- before, in front of4. anti- against5. auto- self6. brady- slow7. dys- painful, difficult8. endo- within, inner9. epi- upon, over10. eu- normal, good11. hetero- different12. homo- same13. hydro- water14. hyper- over, above15. hypo- under, below16. infra- under, beneath, below17. inter- among, between18. intra- within, inside19. macro- large20. micro- small21. neo- new22. pan- all23. para- beside, beyond, near24. per- through25. peri- around26. post- after27. pre- before, in front of28. pseudo- false29. retro- backward, behind30. sub- below, under31. super- above, excess32. supra- above

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33. tachy- rapid, fast34. trans- through, across35. ultra- beyond, excess

QUIZ 1C Answer KeyNumber Prefix Meaning1. bi- two2. di- two3. hemi- half4. mono- one5. multi- many6. nulli- none7. poly- many8. quad- four9. semi- partial, half10. tri- three11. uni- one

QUIZ 1D Answer KeyCommon Suffix Meaning1. -algia pain2. -cele hernia, protrusion3. -cise cut4. -dynia pain5. -ectasis dilatation6. -ectopia displacement7. -gen that which produces8. -genesis produces, generates9. -genic producing10. -ia state, condition11. -iasis abnormal condition12. -ism state of13. -itis inflammation14. -logist one who studies15. -logy study of16. -lysis destruction17. -malacia abnormal softening18. -megaly enlargement, large19. -oma tumor, mass20. -osis abnormal condition21. -pathy disease22. -plasia development, growth23. -plasm formation, development24. -ptosis drooping25. -rrhage excessive, abnormal flow26. -rrhea discharge, flow27. -rrhexis rupture28. -sclerosis hardening29. -stenosis narrowing30. -therapy treatment31. -trophy nourishment, development32. -uria condition of the urine

QUIZ 1E Answer KeySurgical or Procedural

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Suffix Meaning1. -centesis puncture to withdraw fluid2. -ectomy surgical removal3. -gram record or picture4. -graph instrument for recording5. -graphy process of recording6. -meter instrument for measuring7. -metry process of measuring8. -ostomy surgically create an opening9. -otomy cutting into10. -pexy surgical fixation11. -plasty surgical repair12. -rrhaphy suture13. -scope instrument for viewing14. -scopy process of visually examining

Part 2: Body StructureFollow same format as Part 1:

Sections: Combining Forms Relating toPrefixes Relating toBody SystemDirectional TermQuiz

Combining Forms Relating to Body Structure

Combining Form Meaning1. abdomin/o abdomen2. adip/o fat3. anter/o front4. caud/o tail5. cephal/o head6. chondr/o cartilage7. crani/o skull8. cyt/o cell9. dist/o away from10. dors/o back of body11. epitheli/o epithelium12. hist/o tissue13. infer/o below14. later/o side15. medi/o middle16. muscul/o muscle

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17. neur/o nerve18. organ/o organ19. oste/o bone20. pelv/o pelvis21. poster/o back22. proxim/o near to23. somat/o body24. spin/o spine25. super/o above26. system/o system27. thorac/o chest28. ventr/o belly29. viscer/o internal organ

Prefixes Relating to Body StructurePrefix Meaning1. epi- above2. inter- between3. intra- within4. peri- around or about5. post- behind or after6. retro- behind or backward7. sub- under or below8. supra- above9. trans- through or across

Body System Organs in the System1. Integumentary a. skin

b. hairc. nails

2. Musculoskeletal a. musclesb. tendonsc. bonesd. joints

3. Cardiovascular a. heartb. arteriesc. veinsd. capillaries

4. Hematic system a. plasmab. red blood cellsc. white blood cells

5. Lymphatic a. thymus glandb. spleenc. lymph vesselsd. lymph nodes

6. Respiratory a. noseb. pharynxc. larynxd. tracheae. bronchial tubesf. lungs

7. Digestive a. mouthb. salivary glandsc. pharynxd. esophaguse. stomachf. small intestinesg. colonh. liver

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i. gallbladderj. pancreas

8. Urinary a. kidneysb. urinary bladderc. uretersd. urethra

9. Female reproductive system a. ovariesb. fallopian tubesc. uterusd. vaginae. mammary glands

10. Male reproductive system a. testesb. vas deferensc. urethrad. prostate glande. penis

11. Endocrine a. thyroid glandb. pituitary glandc. testesd. ovariese. adrenal glandsf. pancreasg. parathyroid glandsh. pineal glandi. thymus gland

12. Nervous a. brainb. spinal cordc. nerves

13. Special senses a. eyesb. earsc. nosed. tonguee. skin

Directional Term Definition1. superior cephalic More toward the head, or above.2. inferior or caudal More toward the feet or tail, or below.3. anterior or ventral More toward the front or belly-side of the body.4. posterior or dorsal More toward the back or spinal cord side of the

body.5. medial Refers to the middle or near the middle of the

body or the structure.6. lateral Refers to the side.7. apex Tip or summit of an organ.8. base Bottom or lower part of an organ.9. proximal Located closer to the point of attachment to the

body.10. distal Located farther away from the point of

attachment to the body.11. superficial More toward the surface of the body.12. deep Further away from the surface of the body.13. supine The body lying horizontally and facing upward.14. prone The body lying horizontally and facing

downward.

Quizes handled same way as in Part 1

QUIZ 2ADirections: Define the combining forms in the spaces provided.1. abdomin/o

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________________________________________________________________________________2. adip/o ____________________________________________________________________________________3. anter/o ___________________________________________________________________________________4. caud/o ___________________________________________________________________________________5. cephal/o __________________________________________________________________________________6. chondr/o _________________________________________________________________________________7. crani/o ___________________________________________________________________________________8. cyt/o _____________________________________________________________________________________9. dist/o ____________________________________________________________________________________10. dors/o ____________________________________________________________________________________11. epitheli/o _________________________________________________________________________________12. hist/o ____________________________________________________________________________________13. infer/o ___________________________________________________________________________________14. later/o ___________________________________________________________________________________15. medi/o ___________________________________________________________________________________16. muscul/o _________________________________________________________________________________17. neur/o ___________________________________________________________________________________18. organ/o __________________________________________________________________________________19. oste/o ____________________________________________________________________________________20. pelv/o ____________________________________________________________________________________21. poster/o __________________________________________________________________________________22. proxim/o _________________________________________________________________________________23. somat/o __________________________________________________________________________________24. spin/o ____________________________________________________________________________________25. super/o ___________________________________________________________________________________26. system/o _________________________________________________________________________________27. thorac/o __________________________________________________________________________________28. ventr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________

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29. viscer/o __________________________________________________________________________________30. epi- ______________________________________________________________________________________31. inter-_____________________________________________________________________________________32. intra- ____________________________________________________________________________________33. peri- _____________________________________________________________________________________34. post- _____________________________________________________________________________________35. retro- ____________________________________________________________________________________36. sub- _____________________________________________________________________________________37. supra- ___________________________________________________________________________________38. trans- ____________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 2BDirections: Place the names of the organs that are included within each body system in the spaces provided.1. Integumentary a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________

2. Musculoskeletal a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________

3. Cardiovascular a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________

4. Hematic system a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________

5. Lymphatic a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________

6. Respiratory a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________e. ___________________________________________________________f. ___________________________________________________________

7. Digestive a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________e. ___________________________________________________________f. ___________________________________________________________

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g. ___________________________________________________________h. ___________________________________________________________i. ___________________________________________________________j. ___________________________________________________________

8. Urinary a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________

9. Female reproductive system a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________

d. ___________________________________________________________

e. ___________________________________________________________

Male reproductive system a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________

d. ___________________________________________________________

e. ___________________________________________________________

10. Endocrine a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________

d. ___________________________________________________________

e. ___________________________________________________________

f. ___________________________________________________________

g. ___________________________________________________________

h. ___________________________________________________________

i. ___________________________________________________________

11. Nervous a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________

12. Special senses a. ___________________________________________________________

b.

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___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________d. ___________________________________________________________e. ___________________________________________________________

QUIZ 2CDirections: Place the definition/description of the directional position in the space next to the term.1. superior or cephalic ________________________________________________________________________2. inferior or caudal __________________________________________________________________________3. anterior or ventral _________________________________________________________________________4. posterior or dorsal _________________________________________________________________________5. medial ___________________________________________________________________________________6. lateral ___________________________________________________________________________________7. apex _____________________________________________________________________________________8. base _____________________________________________________________________________________9. proximal _________________________________________________________________________________10. distal ____________________________________________________________________________________11. superficial ________________________________________________________________________________12. deep _____________________________________________________________________________________13. supine ___________________________________________________________________________________14. prone ____________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 2A Answer KeyCombining Form Meaning1. abdomin/o abdomen2. adip/o fat3. anter/o front4. caud/o tail5. cephal/o head6. chondr/o cartilage7. crani/o skull8. cyt/o cell9. dist/o away from

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10. dors/o back of body11. epitheli/o epithelium12. hist/o tissue13. infer/o below14. later/o side15. medi/o middle16. muscul/o muscle17. neur/o nerve18. organ/o organ19. oste/o bone20. pelv/o pelvis21. poster/o back22. proxim/o near to23. somat/o body24. spin/o spine25. super/o above26. system/o system27. thorac/o chest28. ventr/o belly29. viscer/o internal organ30. epi- above31. inter- between32. intra- within33. peri- around or about34. post- behind or after35. retro- behind or backward36. sub- under or below37. supra- above38. trans- through or across

QUIZ 2B Answer KeyBody System Organs in the System1. Integumentary a. skin

b. hairc. nails

2. Musculoskeletal a. musclesb. tendonsc. bonesd. joints

3. Cardiovascular a. heartb. arteriesc. veinsd. capillaries

4. Hematic system a. plasmab. red blood cellsc. white blood cells

5. Lymphatic a. thymus glandb. spleenc. lymph vesselsd. lymph nodes

6. Respiratory a. noseb. pharynxc. larynxd. tracheae. bronchial tubes

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f. lungs7. Digestive a. mouth

b. salivary glandsc. pharynxd. esophaguse. stomachf. small intestinesg. colonh. liveri. gallbladderj. pancreas

8. Urinary a. kidneysb. urinary bladderc. uretersd. urethra

9. Female reproductive system a. ovariesb. fallopian tubesc. uterusd. vaginae. mammary glands

Male reproductive system a. testesb. vas deferensc. urethrad. prostate glande. penis

10. Endocrine a. thyroid glandb. pituitary glandc. testesd. ovariese. adrenal glandsf. pancreasg. parathyroid glandsh. pineal glandi. thymus gland

11. Nervous a. brainb. spinal cordc. nerves

12. Special senses a. eyesb. earsc. nosed. tonguee. skin

QUIZ 2C Answer KeyDirectional Term Definition1. superior or cephalic More toward the head, or above.2. inferior or caudal More toward the feet or tail, or below.3. anterior or ventral More toward the front or belly-side of the body.4. posterior or dorsal More toward the back or spinal cord side of the body.5. medial Refers to the middle or near the middle of the body or the structure.6. lateral Refers to the side.7. apex Tip or summit of an organ.8. base Bottom or lower part of an organ.9. proximal Located closer to the point of attachment to the body.

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10. distal Located farther away from the point of attachment to the body.11. superficial More toward the surface of the body.12. deep Further away from the surface of the body.13. supine The body lying horizontally and facing upward.14. prone The body lying horizontally and facing downward.

Part 3: Integumentary SystemFollow same format as Part 1:

Sections:Combining Forms Relating toSuffixes Relating toSkin LayersWord Building Relating toVocabulary Relating toPathology Relating toDiagnostic Procedures Relating toTherapeutic Procedures Relating toPharmacology Relating toAbbreviations Relating toQuiz

Combining Forms Relating to the Integumentary SystemCombining Form Meaning1. adip/o fat2. albin/o white3. bi/o life4. cry/o cold5. cutane/o skin6. cyan/o blue7. derm/o skin8. dermat/o skin9. diaphor/o profuse sweating10. hidr/o sweat11. ichthy/o scaly, dry12. kerat/o hard, horny13. leuk/o white14. lip/o fat15. melan/o black16. myc/o fungus17. necr/o death18. onych/o nail19. pachy/o thick20. pil/o hair21. py/o pus22. rhytid/o wrinkle23. scler/o hard24. seb/o oil25. trich/o hair26. ungu/o nail27. xanth/o yellow

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28. xer/o dry

Suffixes Relating to the Integumentary SystemSuffix Meaning1. -derma skin2. -opsy view of3. -plakia a plate4. -tome instrument used to cut

Skin Layers

The three layers of the skin are:1. Epidermis• thin, outer membrane layer• contains keratin, which acts as a barrier to infection• contains melanin, which gives skin its color, and protects againstUV rays of sun to prevent skin cancer2. Dermis or corium• middle, fibrous connective tissue layer• contains collagen to give skin strength3. Subcutaneous (Subcu, Subq) layer• innermost layer, containing fatty tissue• acts as insulation for heat and cold

Word Building Relating to the Integumentary SystemCombiningForm Medical Term Definitioncutane/o subcutaneous pertaining to under the skinderm/o epidermal pertaining to upon the skin

hypodermic pertaining to under the skinntradermal pertaining to within the skin

dermat/o dermatitis inflammation of the skindermatologist specialist in skindermatology study of the skindermatopathy skin diseasedermatoplasty surgical repair of the skindermatome instrument to cut the skin

hidr/o anhidrosis abnormal condition of no sweathyperhidrosis abnormal condition of excessive sweat

lip/o lipectomy excision of fatlipoma fatty growth

melan/o melanoma black tumornecr/o necrosis abnormal condition of deathonych/o onychectomy excision of a nail

onychomalacia softening of nailsonychomycosis abnormal condition of nail fungusonychophagia nail eating (nail biting)

py/o pyogenic pus formingrhytid/o rhytidectomy excision of wrinkles

rhytidoplasty surgical repair of wrinklesseb/o seborrhea oily dischargetrich/o trichomycosis abnormal condition of hair fungusungu/o ungual pertaining to the nails

Suffix Medical Term Definition-derma erythroderma red skin

ichthyoderma scaly and dry skinleukoderma white skinpachyderma thick skin

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scleroderma hard skinxanthoderma yellow skinxeroderma dry skin

Vocabulary Relating to the Integumentary Systemabrasion A scraping away of the skin surface by friction.abscess A collection of pus in the skin.albino A genetic condition in which the person is unable to

make melanin. Characterized by white hair and skin,and red pupils due to the lack of pigment.

alopecia Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head.Commonly called baldness.

cicatrix A scar.comedo Collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle. Also

called a blackhead.contusion Injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling,

pain, and bruising. The skin is not broken.cyanosis Bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenated blood.cyst Fluid-filled sac under the skin.decubitus ulcer Open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences

cutting off the blood flow to the overlyingskin. These can appear in bedridden patients who liein one position too long and can be difficult to heal.Also called bedsore or pressure sore.

depigmentation Loss of normal skin color or pigment.dermatologist Physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases

and conditions of the integumentary system.dermatology Study of diseases and conditions of the(Derm, derm) integumentary system.diaphoresis Profuse sweating.ecchymosis Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under

the skin following blunt trauma to the skin. A bruise.erythema Redness or flushing of the skin.fissure Crack-like lesion or groove on the skin.frostbite Freezing or the effect of freezing a part of the body.

Exposed areas such as ears, nose, cheeks, fingers,and toes are generally affected.

hemangioma Benign tumor of dilated blood vessels.hirsutism Excessive hair growth over the body.hyperpigmentation Abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin.hyperemia Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow.keloid Formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic

scar after an injury or surgery.keratosis Skin condition with an overgrowth and thickening

of the epidermis.macule Flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin

surface.An example would be a freckle or a birthmark.

male pattern Pattern of baldness most commonly seen in men.baldness Begins as a receding hair line and progresses to full

baldness on top of the head and a fringe of hairaround the edges.

nevus Pigmented congenital skin blemish, birthmark, ormole.Usually benign but may become cancerous.

Nodule Firm, solid mass of cells in the skin.papule Small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the

skin. Less than 1 cm in diameter.pediculosis Infestation with lice. The eggs laid by the lice are

called nits and cling tightly to hair.petechiae Pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages

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under the skin.photosensitivity Condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when

exposed to light, such as the ultraviolet (UV) rays ofthe sun.

polyp Small tumor with a pedicle or stem attachment. Theyare commonly found in mucous membranes such asthe nasal cavity.

pruritus Severe itching.purpura Hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels.

Commonly seen in elderly people.purulent Containing or producing pus.pustule Raised spot on the skin containing pus.scabies Contagious skin disease caused by an egg-laying mite

that burrows through the skin and causes rednessand intense itching; often seen in children.

suppurative Containing or producing pus.ulcer Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane.urticaria Also called hives; a skin eruption of pale reddish

wheals with severe itching. Usually associated withfood allergy, stress, or drug reactions.

verruca Commonly called warts; a benign growth caused by avirus. Has a rough surface that is removed by chemicalsand/or laser therapy.

vesicle A blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin.vitiligo Disappearance of pigment from the skin in patches,

causing a milk-white appearance. Also calledleukoderma.

wheal Small, round, raised area on the skin that may beaccompanied by itching.

Pathology Relating to the Integumentary Systemacne Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and

hair follicles that results in papules and pustules.acne rosacea Form of acne seen in adults, especially on the nose

and cheeks.acne vulgaris Common form of acne seen in teenagers.

Characterized by comedo, papules, and pustules.basal cell Cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of thecarcinoma (BCC) epidermis. A frequent type of skin cancer that rarely

metastasizes or spreads. These cancers can arise onsun-exposed skin.

burn Damage to the skin that can result from exposure toopen fire, electricity, ultraviolet light from the sun, orcaustic chemicals. Seriousness depends on theamount of body surface involved and the depth of theburn. Extent of a burn is estimated using the Rule ofNines. Depth is determined by the number of layersof skin involved.

burn, 1st degree Damage to the epidermis layer of the skin.Characterized by hyperemia, but no blisters or scars.

burn, 2nd degree Damage extends through the epidermis and into thedermis, causing vesicles to form. Scarring may occur.Also called partial thickness burn.

burn, 3rd degree Damage to full thickness of skin and into underlyingtissues. Infection is a major concern with thirddegreeburns, and fluid loss can be life threatening.Grafts are usually required and scarring will occur.Also called full-thickness burn.

carbuncle Furuncle involving several hair follicles.cellulitis A diffuse, acute infection and inflammation of the skin.

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dry gangrene Late stages of gangrene characterized by the affectedarea becoming black and leathery.

eczema Superficial dermatitis of unknown cause accompaniedby papules, vesicles, and crusting.

furuncle Bacterial infection of a hair follicle. Characterized byredness, pain, and swelling. Also called a boil.

gangrene Tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply.ichthyosis Condition in which the skin becomes dry, scaly, and

keratinized.impetigo A bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that

rupture and become crusted over.Kaposi’s sarcoma Form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency

Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Consistsof brownish-purple papules that spread from theskin and metastasize to internal organs. Named forMoritz Kaposi, an Austrian dermatologist.

leukoplakia Change in mucous membrane that results in thick,white plate-like patches on the mucous membraneof the tongue and cheek. Considered precancerous,it is associated with smoking.

malignant Dangerous form of skin cancer caused by anmelanoma (MM) uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. May quickly

metastasize or spread to internal organs.onychia Infected nail bed.paronychia Infection around a nail.pemphigus vulgaris Skin condition in which blisters form in the skin and

mucous membranes.psoriasis Chronic inflammatory condition consisting of crusty

papules forming patches with circular borders.rubella Contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called

German measles.sebaceous cyst Sac under the skin filled with sebum or oil from a sebaceous

gland. This can grow to a large size and mayneed to be excised.

shingles Eruption of vesicles along a nerve path, causing arash and pain. Caused by the same virus as chickenpox.

squamous cell Epidermal cancer that may go into deeper tissue butcarcinoma (SCC) does not generally metastasize.systemic lupus Chronic disease of the connective tissue that injureserythematosus the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and(SLE) mucous membranes. May produce a characteristic

butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose.tinea Fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions.tinea capitis Fungal infection of the scalp. Commonly called

ringworm.tinea pedis Fungal infection of the foot. Commonly called

athlete’s foot.varicella Contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called

chicken pox.wet gangrene Area of gangrene becoming infected by pusproducing

bacteria.

Diagnostic Procedures Relating to the Integumentary Systembiopsy (BX, bx) A piece of tissue is removed by syringe and needle,

knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope.Used to aid in diagnosis.

culture and A laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteriasensitivity (C&S) removed from an infected area in order to identify

the specific infecting bacteria and then determine its

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sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics.exfoliative cytology Scraping cells from tissue and then examining them

under a microscope.frozen section (FS) A thin piece of tissue is cut from a frozen specimen

for rapid examination under a microscope.fungal scrapings Scrapings, taken with a curette or scraper, of tissue

from lesions are placed on a growth medium andexamined under a microscope to identify fungalgrowth.

needle biopsy Using a sterile needle to remove tissue for examinationunder a microscope.

skin tests (ST) Test to determine the patient’s reaction to a suspectedallergen by injecting a small amount underthe skin (intradermal) with a needle. The reaction ofthe patient to this material is then read to indicateany allergy. Examples of such tests are the tuberculin(TB) test, Mantoux (PPD) test, patch test, andSchick test.

sweat test Test performed on sweat to determine the level ofchloride. There is an increase in skin chloride in thedisease cystic fibrosis.

Therapeutic Procedures Relating to the Integumentary Systemadipectomy Surgical removal of fat.allograft Skin graft from one person to another; donor is

usually a cadaver.autograft Skin graft from a person’s own body.cauterization Destruction of tissue with a caustic chemical, electric

current, freezing, or hot iron.chemabrasion Abrasion using chemicals. Also called a chemical peel.cryosurgery Using extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue.curettage Removal of superficial skin lesions with a curette

(surgical instrument shaped like a spoon) or scraper.debridement Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged

tissue from a wound.dermabrasion Abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper.

Performed to remove acne scars, tattoos, andscar tissue.

dermatome Instrument for cutting the skin or thin transplants ofskin.

dermatoplasty Skin grafting; transplantation of skin.electrocautery To destroy tissue with an electric current.heterograft Skin graft from an animal of another species

(usually a pig) to a human. Also called xenograft.incision and Making an incision to create an opening for thedrainage (I&D) drainage of material such as pus.laser therapy Removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using a laser

beam that emits intense heat and power at a closerange. The laser converts frequencies of light intoone small, powerful beam.

liposuction Removal of fat beneath the skin by means ofsuction.

plication Taking tucks surgically in a structure to shorten it.rhytidectomy Surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles.

Commonly referred to as a face lift.skin graft (SG) The transfer of skin from a normal area to cover

another site. Used to treat burn victims and aftersome surgical procedures.

xenograft Skin graft from an animal of another species(usually a pig) to a human. Also called heterograft.

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Pharmacology Relating to the Integumentary Systemanesthetics Applied to the skin to deaden pain.antibiotics Kill bacteria causing skin infections.antifungals Kill fungi infecting the skin.anti-inflammatory drugs Reduce skin inflammation or itching.antiparasitics Kill mites or lice.antipruritics Reduce severe itching.antiseptics Used to kill bacteria in skin cuts and

wounds or at a surgical site.corticosteroid cream Specific type of powerful antiinflammatory

cream.

Abbreviations Relating to the Integumentary System1. BCC basal cell carcinoma2. BX, bx biopsy3. C&S culture and sensitivity4. decub decubitus ulcer5. Derm, derm dermatology6. FS frozen section7. I&D incision and drainage8. ID intradermal9. MM malignant melanoma10. SCC squamous cell carcinoma11. SG skin graft12. SLE systemic lupus erythematosus13. ST skin test14. STSG split-thickness skin graft15. subcu, SC, sc, subq subcutaneous16. ung ointment17. UV ultraviolet

QUIZ 3ADirections: Define the combining form or suffix in the space provided.1. adip/o ____________________________________________________________________________________2. albin/o ___________________________________________________________________________________3. bi/o ______________________________________________________________________________________4. cry/o _____________________________________________________________________________________5. cutane/o__________________________________________________________________________________6. cyan/o ___________________________________________________________________________________7. derm/o ___________________________________________________________________________________8. dermat/o _________________________________________________________________________________9. diaphor/o_________________________________________________________________________________10. hidr/o

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____________________________________________________________________________________11. ichthy/o __________________________________________________________________________________12. kerat/o ___________________________________________________________________________________13. leuk/o____________________________________________________________________________________14. lip/o _____________________________________________________________________________________15. melan/o __________________________________________________________________________________16. myc/o ____________________________________________________________________________________17. necr/o____________________________________________________________________________________18. onych/o __________________________________________________________________________________19. pachy/o __________________________________________________________________________________20. pil/o _____________________________________________________________________________________21. py/o _____________________________________________________________________________________22. rhytid/o __________________________________________________________________________________23. scler/o ___________________________________________________________________________________24. seb/o _____________________________________________________________________________________25. trich/o ___________________________________________________________________________________26. ungu/o ___________________________________________________________________________________27. xanth/o __________________________________________________________________________________28. xer/o_____________________________________________________________________________________29. -derma ___________________________________________________________________________________30. -opsy_____________________________________________________________________________________31. -plakia ___________________________________________________________________________________32. -tome ____________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 3BDirections: Build a medical term for each phrase below.1. pertaining to under the skin ________________________________________________________________2. pertaining to upon the skin

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_________________________________________________________________3. pertaining to under the skin ________________________________________________________________4. pertaining to within the skin ________________________________________________________________5. inflammation of the skin ___________________________________________________________________6. specialist in skin ___________________________________________________________________________7. study of the skin ___________________________________________________________________________8. skin disease _______________________________________________________________________________9. surgical repair of the skin ___________________________________________________________________10. instrument to cut the skin __________________________________________________________________11. abnormal condition of no sweat _____________________________________________________________12. abnormal condition of excessive sweat _______________________________________________________13. excision of fat _____________________________________________________________________________14. fatty growth ______________________________________________________________________________15. black tumor _______________________________________________________________________________16. abnormal condition of death ________________________________________________________________17. excision of a nail __________________________________________________________________________18. softening of nails __________________________________________________________________________19. abnormal condition of nail fungus ___________________________________________________________20. nail eating (nail biting) _____________________________________________________________________21. pus forming _______________________________________________________________________________22. excision of wrinkles ________________________________________________________________________23. surgical repair of wrinkles __________________________________________________________________24. oily discharge _____________________________________________________________________________25. abnormal condition of hair fungus ___________________________________________________________26. pertaining to the nails ______________________________________________________________________27. red skin __________________________________________________________________________________28. scaly and dry skin __________________________________________________________________________29. white skin ________________________________________________________________________________

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30. thick skin _________________________________________________________________________________31. hard skin _________________________________________________________________________________32. yellow skin _______________________________________________________________________________33. dry skin __________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 3CDirections: Write the medical term for which each abbreviation stands.1. BCC _____________________________________________________________________________________2. BX, bx ___________________________________________________________________________________3. C&S _____________________________________________________________________________________4. decub ____________________________________________________________________________________5. Derm, derm _______________________________________________________________________________6. FS _______________________________________________________________________________________7. I&D ______________________________________________________________________________________8. ID _______________________________________________________________________________________9. MM _____________________________________________________________________________________10. SCC______________________________________________________________________________________11. SG _______________________________________________________________________________________12. SLE ______________________________________________________________________________________13. ST _______________________________________________________________________________________14. STSG_____________________________________________________________________________________15. subcu, SC, sc, subq_________________________________________________________________________16. ung ______________________________________________________________________________________17. UV_______________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 3A Answer Key

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Combining Form or Suffix Meaning1. adip/o fat2. albin/o white3. bi/o life4. cry/o cold5. cutane/o skin6. cyan/o blue7. derm/o skin8. dermat/o skin9. diaphor/o profuse sweating10. hidr/o sweat11. ichthy/o scaly, dry12. kerat/o hard, horny13. leuk/o white14. lip/o fat15. melan/o black16. myc/o fungus17. necr/o death18. onych/o nail19. pachy/o thick20. pil/o hair21. py/o pus22. rhytid/o wrinkle23. scler/o hard24. seb/o oil25. trich/o hair26. ungu/o nail27. xanth/o yellow28. xer/o dry29. -derma skin30. -opsy view of31. -plakia a plate32. –tome instrument used to cut

QUIZ 3B Answer KeyPhrase Medical Term1. pertaining to under the skin subcutaneous2. pertaining to upon the skin epidermal3. pertaining to under the skin hypodermic4. pertaining to within the skin intradermal5. inflammation of the skin dermatitis6. specialist in skin dermatologist7. study of the skin dermatology8. skin disease dermatopathy9. surgical repair of the skin dermatoplasty10. instrument to cut the skin dermatome11. abnormal condition of no sweat anhidrosis12. abnormal condition of excessive sweat hyperhidrosis13. excision of fat lipectomy14. fatty growth lipoma15. black tumor melanoma16. abnormal condition of death necrosis17. excision of a nail onychectomy18. softening of nails onychomalacia19. abnormal condition of nail fungus onychomycosis

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20. nail eating (nail biting) onychophagia21. pus forming pyogenic22. excision of wrinkles rhytidectomy23. surgical repair of wrinkles rhytidoplasty24. oily discharge seborrhea25. abnormal condition of hair fungus trichomycosis26. pertaining to the nails ungual27. red skin erythroderma28. scaly and dry skin ichthyoderma29. white skin leukoderma30. thick skin pachyderma31. hard skin scleroderma32. yellow skin xanthoderma33. dry skin xeroderma

QUIZ 3C Answer KeyAbbreviation Meaning1. BCC basal cell carcinoma2. BX, bx biopsy3. C&S culture and sensitivity4. decub decubitus ulcer5. Derm, derm dermatology6. FS frozen section7. I&D incision and drainage8. ID intradermal9. MM malignant melanoma10. SCC squamous cell carcinoma11. SG skin graft12. SLE systemic lupus erythematosus13. ST skin test14. STSG split-thickness skin graft15. subcu, SC, sc, subq subcutaneous16. ung ointment17. UV ultraviolet

Part 4: Musculoskeletal SystemFollow same format as Part 1:

Sections: Combining Forms Relating toWord Building Relating toVocabulary Relating toPathology Relating toDiagnostic Procedures Relating toTherapeutic Procedures Relating toPharmacology Relating toMuscle ActionsAbbreviations Relating toQuiz

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Combining Forms Relating to the Skeletal SystemCombining Form Meaning1. ankyl/o stiff joint2. arthr/o joint3. articul/o joint4. burs/o sac5. carp/o wrist6. cervic/o neck7. chondr/o cartilage8. clavicul/o clavicle, collarbone9. coccyg/o coccyx, tailbone10. cost/o rib11. crani/o skull, head12. femor/o femur, thigh bone13. fibul/o fibula, smaller outer bone of lower leg14. humer/o humerus, upper arm bone15. ili/o ilium, part of hipbone16. ischi/o ischium, part of hipbone17. kyph/o hump18. lamin/o lamina, part of vertebra19. lord/o swayback, curve20. lumb/o loin, lower back21. mandibul/o mandible, jawbone22. maxill/o maxilla, upper jawbone23. metacarp/o metacarpals, hand bones24. metatars/o metatarsals, foot bones25. myel/o bone marrow26. orth/o straight27. oste/o bone28. patell/o patella, knee cap29. ped/o foot30. pelv/o pelvis31. phalang/o phalanges, bones of fingers and toes32. pub/o pubis, part of hipbone33. radi/o radius, lower arm bone34. sacr/o sacrum35. scapul/o scapula, shoulder blade36. scoli/o crooked, bent37. spondyl/o vertebrae, backbone38. stern/o sternum, breastbone39. synovi/o synovial membrane40. tars/o ankle41. thorac/o chest42. tibi/o tibia, inner bone of lower leg43. uln/o ulna, lower arm bone44. vertebr/o vertebra, backbone

Suffixes Relating to the Skeletal System1. -blast immature, embryonic2. -clasia to surgically break3. -desis stabilize, fuse4. -listhesis slipping5. -malacia softening6. -porosis porous7. -scopy procedure to visually examine8. -tome instrument to cut

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Combining Forms Relating to the Muscular SystemCombining Form Meaning1. fasci/o fibrous band2. fibr/o fibers3. leiomy/o smooth muscle4. muscul/o muscle5. my/o muscle6. myocardi/o heart muscle7. myos/o muscle8. plant/o sole of foot9. rhabdomy/o skeletal muscle10. ten/o tendon11. tend/o tendon12. tendin/o tendon

Suffixes Relating to the Muscular System1. -asthenia weakness2. -kinesia movement3. -trophy development, nourishment

Prefixes Relating to the Muscular System1. ab- away from2. ad- toward3. circum- around

Word Building Relating to the Skeletal SystemCombining Form Medical Term Definitionarthr/o arthralgia joint pain

arthrocentesis puncture to withdraw fluid from ajoint

arthroclasia surgically breaking a jointarthrodesis fusion of a jointarthritis joint inflammationarthrotomy incision into a jointarthroscopy visual examination of the inside of a

jointburs/o bursectomy excision of a bursa

bursitis inflammation of a bursabursolith stone in a bursa

chondr/o chondrectomy excision of cartilagechondromalacia cartilage softeningchondroplasty surgical repair of cartilage

crani/o intracranial pertaining to inside the skullcraniotomy incision into the skull

myel/o myeloma bone marrow tumoroste/o osteocarcinoma cancerous bone tumor

osteochondroma bone and cartilage tumorosteoclasia to surgically break a boneosteomalacia bone softeningosteomyelitis inflammation of bone and bone

marrowosteotomy incision into a boneosteopathy bone diseaseosteoporosis abnormal condition of porous bonesosteotome instrument to cut bone

vertebr/o intervertebral pertaining to between vertebrae

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Word Building Relating to the Muscular SystemCombiningForm Medical Term Definitionfasci/o fasciitis inflammation of fascia

fasciorrhaphy suture fasciafasciotomy incision into fascia

leiomy/o leiomyofibroma fibrous smooth muscle tumorleiomyoma smooth muscle tumor

my/o electromyogram (EMG) record of muscle electricitymyopathy muscle diseasemyoplasty surgical repair of musclemyorrhaphy suture a muscle

myos/o polymyositis inflammation of many musclesrhabdomy/o rhabdomyolysis skeletal muscle destruction

rhabdomyoma skeletal muscle tumorten/o tenodynia tendon pain

tenomyopathy disease of tendons and muscletenorrhaphy suture a tendon

tend/o tendoplasty surgical repair of tendontendotomy incision into tendon

tendin/o tendinitis inflammation of tendontendinous pertaining to tendons

Suffix Combined With Prefix Medical Term-kinesia bradykinesia slow movement

dyskinesia difficult or painful movementhyperkinesia excessive movement

-trophy atrophy lack of developmentdystrophy difficult (poor) developmenthypertrophy excessive development

Vocabulary Relating to the Skeletal System

callus The mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture siteduring its healing.crepitation The noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing

together in conditions such as arthritis.exostosis A bone spur.kyphosis Abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the

thoracic spine. Also known as hunchback or humpback.lordosis Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the

lumbar spine. Also known as swayback.orthopedics Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and

treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system.orthopedist Physician who specializes in treatment of conditions of

the musculoskeletal system.orthotics A brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities.orthotist Person skilled in making and fitting orthotics.podiatrist Specialist in treating disorders of the feet.prosthesis Artificial device that is used as a substitute for a body part

that is either congenitally missing or is absent as a resultof accident or disease (for instance, an artificialleg or hip).

prosthetist Person who fabricates and fits prostheses.

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Vocabulary Relating to the Muscular System

adhesion Scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding amuscle making it difficult to stretch the muscle.

contracture An abnormal shortening of a muscle, making itdifficult to stretch the muscle.

spasm A sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction.torticollis Severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side.

Commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck.

Pathology Relating to the Skeletal Systemankylosing spondylitis Inflammatory spinal condition that resembles

rheumatoid arthritis. Results in gradual stiffeningand fusion of the vertebrae. More common inmen than women.

bunion Inflammation of the bursa of the great toe.carpal tunnel Pain caused by compression of the nerve as it

syndrome (CTS) passes between the bones and ligaments of thewrist.

closed fracture A fracture in which there is no open skin wound.Also called a simple fracture.

Colles’ fracture A common type of wrist fracture.comminuted fracture Fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered,

or crushed into many small pieces or fragments.compound fracture Fracture in which the skin has been broken

through to the fracture. Also called an open fracture.Dislocation Occurs when the bones in a joint are displaced

from their normal alignment.Ewing’s sarcoma Malignant growth found in the shaft of long

bones that spreads through the periosteum.Named for James Ewing, an Americanpathologist.

fracture (FX, Fx) A broken bone.gout Inflammation of the joints caused by excessive

uric acid.greenstick fracture Fracture in which there is an incomplete break;

one side of bone is broken and the other side isbent. This type of fracture is commonly found inchildren due to their softer and more pliable bonestructure.

herniated nucleus Herniation or protrusion of an intervertebralpulposus (HNP) disk; also called herniated disk. May require

surgery.impacted fracture Fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into

each other.myeloma Malignant tumor originating in the bone marrow.oblique fracture Fracture at an angle to the bone.open fracture Fracture in which the skin has been broken

through to the fracture. Also called a compoundfracture.

osteoarthritis (OA) Arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bonesand joints, especially those bearing weight.Results in bone rubbing against bone.

osteogenic sarcoma The most common type of bone cancer. Usuallybegins in osteocytes found at the ends of long bones.

osteomalacia Softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of

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calcium. It is thought that in children the cause isinsufficient sunlight and vitamin D.

osteoporosis Decrease in bone mass that results in a thinningand weakening of the bone with resultingfractures. The bone becomes more porous,especially in the spine and pelvis.

Paget’s disease A fairly common metabolic disease of the bonefrom unknown causes. It usually attacks middleagedand elderly people and is characterized bybone destruction and deformity. Named for SirJames Paget, a British surgeon.

pathologic fracture Fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone.rheumatoid arthritis Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of

(RA) the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain, and changesin the cartilage that can result in cripplingdeformities.

rickets Deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found inearly childhood that results in bone deformities,especially bowed legs.

scoliosis Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.simple fracture A fracture in which there is no open skin wound.

Also called a closed fracture.spina bifida A congenital anomaly that occurs when a

vertebra fails to fully form around the spinal cord.spinal stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on

the cord and nerves.spiral fracture Fracture in which the fracture line spirals around

the shaft of the bone. Can be caused by a twistinginjury and is often slower to heal than other typesof fractures.

spondylolisthesis The forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over thevertebra below it.

spondylosis A degenerative condition of the vertebral column.strain Damage to the ligaments surrounding a joint due

to overstretching, but no dislocation of the joint.systemic lupus Chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissueerythematosus (SLE) that causes injury to the joints, skin, kidneys,

heart, lungs, and nervous system. A characteristicbutterfly rash or erythema may be present.

talipes Congenital deformity of the foot. Also referred toas a clubfoot.

transverse fracture Complete fracture that is straight across the boneat right angles to the long axis of the bone.

whiplash Injury to the bones in the cervical spine as aresult of a sudden movement forward andbackward of the head and neck. Can occur as aresult of a rear-end auto collision.

Pathology Relating to the Muscular Systemfibromyalgia A condition with widespread aching and pain in

the muscles and soft tissue.ganglion Cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on

hand, wrist, or ankle.lateral epicondylitis Inflammation of the muscle attachment to the

lateral epicondyle of the elbow. Often caused bystrongly gripping. Commonly called tennis elbow.

muscular dystrophy Inherited disease causing a progressive muscle(MD) degeneration, weakness, and atrophy.pseudohypertrophic One type of inherited muscular dystrophy inmuscular dystrophy which the muscle tissue is gradually replaced by

fatty tissue, making the muscle look strong. Also

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called Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy.sprain Damage to the muscle and soft tissue due to

overuse or overstretching.

Diagnostic Procedures Relating to the Skeletal Systemarthrography Visualization of a joint by radiographic study after

injection of a contrast medium into the jointspace.

arthroscopy Examination of the interior of a joint by enteringthe joint with an arthroscope. Torn ligaments canbe repaired while the patient is undergoingarthroscopy. The arthroscope contains a smalltelevision camera that allows the physician toview the interior of the joint on a monitor duringthe procedure.

bone scan Patient is given a radioactive dye and thenscanning equipment is used to visualize bones. Itis especially useful in observing progress oftreatment for osteomyelitis and cancer metastasesto the bone.

myelography Study of the spinal column after injecting opaquecontrast material; particularly useful inidentifying herniated nucleus pulposus.

photon absorptiometry Measurement of bone density using an instrumentfor the purpose of detecting osteoporosis.

Diagnostic Procedures Relating to the Muscular Systemcreatine A muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle andphosphokinase (CPK) cardiac muscle. Blood levels become elevated in

disorders such as heart attack, musculardystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies.

deep tendon reflexes Muscle contraction in response to a stretchcaused by striking the muscle tendon with areflex hammer. Test used to determine if musclesare responding properly.

electromyography Study and record of the strength and quality ofmuscle contractions as a result of electricalstimulation.

muscle biopsy Removal of muscle tissue for pathologicalexamination.

Therapeutic Procedures Relating to the Skeletal Systemamputation Partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety

of reasons, including tumors, gangrene, intractablepain, crushing injury, or uncontrollable infection.

arthroscopic surgery Use of an arthroscope to facilitate performingsurgery on a joint.

bone graft Piece of bone taken from the patient that is usedto take the place of a removed bone or a bonydefect at another site.

bunionectomy Removal of the bursa at the joint of the great toe.carpal tunnel release Surgical cutting of the ligament in the wrist to

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relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunneldisease, which can result from repetitive motionsuch as typing.

cast Application of a solid material to immobilize anextremity or portion of the body as a result of afracture, dislocation, or severe injury. It is mostoften made of plaster of Paris.

diskectomy Removal of a herniated intervertebral disk.laminectomy Removal of the vertebral posterior arch to correct

severe back problems and pain caused bycompression of a spinal nerve.

reduction Correcting a fracture by realigning the bone fragments.Closed reduction is doing this manipulationwithout entering the body. Open reduction is thesurgical incision at the site of the fracture to do thereduction. This is commonly necessary wherethere are bony fragments to remove.

spinal fusion Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae.This may be done for several reasons, includingcorrection for a herniated disk.

total hip replacement Surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a(THR) prosthetic or artificial hip joint. Also called total

hip arthroplasty (THA).total knee Surgical reconstruction of a knee joint byreplacement (TKR) implanting a prosthetic knee joint. Also called

total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Pharmacology Relating to the Skeletal SystemBone reabsorption Conditions that result in weak and fragileinhibitors bones, such as osteoporosis and Paget’s

disease, are improved by medications thatreduce the reabsorption of bones.

Calcium supplements Maintaining high blood levels of calcium inand Vitamin D therapy association with vitamin D helps maintain

bone density and treats osteomalacia,osteoporosis, and rickets.

Corticosteroids A hormone produced by the adrenal cortexthat has very strong anti-inflammatoryproperties. It is particularly useful in treatingrheumatoid arthritis.

Nonsteroidal anti- A large group of drugs including aspirin andinflammatory drugs ibuprofen that provide mild pain relief and(NSAIDs) anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such

as arthritis.Pharmacology Relating to the Muscular SystemMuscle relaxants Medication to relax skeletal muscles in order to

reduce muscle spasms. Also calledantispasmodics.

Muscle ActionsAbduction: Movement away from midline of the body.Adduction: Movement toward midline of the body.Flexion: Act of bending or being bent.

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Extension: Movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition.Dorsiflexion: Backward bending, as of hand or foot.Plantar flexion: Bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward.Eversion: Turning outward.Inversion: Turning inward.Pronation: To turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot.Supination: Turning the palm or foot upward.Elevation: To raise a body part, as in shrug the shoulders.Depression: A downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders.

Abbreviations Relating to the Skeletal System1. AE above elbow2. AK above knee3. BDT bone density testing4. BE below elbow5. BK below knee6. C1, C2, etc. first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, etc.7. CDH congenital dislocation of the hip8. CTS carpal tunnel syndrome9. DJD degenerative joint disease10. FX, Fx fracture11. HNP herniated nucleus pulposus12. JRA juvenile rheumatoid arthritis13. L1, L2, etc. first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, etc.14. LAT, lat lateral15. LE lower extremity16. LLE left lower extremity17. LUE left upper extremity18. NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug19. OA osteoarthritis20. ORIF open reduction–internal fixation21. Orth, ortho orthopedics22. RA rheumatoid arthritis23. RLE right lower extremity

QUIZQUIZ 4ADirections: Define the combining forms in the spaces provided.1. ankyl/o___________________________________________________________________________________2. arthr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________3. articul/o __________________________________________________________________________________4. burs/o ____________________________________________________________________________________5. carp/o ____________________________________________________________________________________6. cervic/o __________________________________________________________________________________7. chondr/o _________________________________________________________________________________8. clavicul/o

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_________________________________________________________________________________9. coccyg/o __________________________________________________________________________________10. cost/o ____________________________________________________________________________________11. crani/o ___________________________________________________________________________________12. femor/o __________________________________________________________________________________13. fibul/o ___________________________________________________________________________________14. humer/o _________________________________________________________________________________15. ili/o ______________________________________________________________________________________16. ischi/o____________________________________________________________________________________17. kyph/o ___________________________________________________________________________________18. lamin/o __________________________________________________________________________________19. lord/o ____________________________________________________________________________________20. lumb/o ___________________________________________________________________________________21. mandibul/o _______________________________________________________________________________22. maxill/o __________________________________________________________________________________23. metacarp/o _______________________________________________________________________________24. metatars/o ________________________________________________________________________________25. myel/o ___________________________________________________________________________________26. orth/o ____________________________________________________________________________________27. oste/o ____________________________________________________________________________________28. patell/o___________________________________________________________________________________29. ped/o ____________________________________________________________________________________30. pelv/o ____________________________________________________________________________________31. phalang/o ________________________________________________________________________________32. pub/o ____________________________________________________________________________________33. radi/o ____________________________________________________________________________________34. sacr/o ____________________________________________________________________________________

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35. scapul/o __________________________________________________________________________________36. scoli/o____________________________________________________________________________________37. spondyl/o _________________________________________________________________________________38. stern/o ___________________________________________________________________________________39. synovi/o __________________________________________________________________________________40. tars/o ____________________________________________________________________________________41. thorac/o __________________________________________________________________________________42. tibi/o _____________________________________________________________________________________43. uln/o_____________________________________________________________________________________44. vertebr/o _________________________________________________________________________________45. -blast ____________________________________________________________________________________46. -clasia ____________________________________________________________________________________47. -desis ____________________________________________________________________________________48. -listhesis __________________________________________________________________________________49. -malacia __________________________________________________________________________________50. -porosis __________________________________________________________________________________51. -scopy ____________________________________________________________________________________52. -tome ____________________________________________________________________________________53. fasci/o ____________________________________________________________________________________54. fibr/o ____________________________________________________________________________________55. leiomy/o _________________________________________________________________________________56. muscul/o _________________________________________________________________________________57. my/o _____________________________________________________________________________________58. myocardi/o _______________________________________________________________________________59. myos/o ___________________________________________________________________________________60. plant/o ___________________________________________________________________________________61. rhabdomy/o

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______________________________________________________________________________62. ten/o ____________________________________________________________________________________63. tend/o ___________________________________________________________________________________64. tendin/o __________________________________________________________________________________65. -asthenia _________________________________________________________________________________66. -kinesia __________________________________________________________________________________67. -trophy ___________________________________________________________________________________68. ab- ______________________________________________________________________________________69. ad- ______________________________________________________________________________________70. circum- __________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 4BDirections: Describe each muscle action.1. abduction ________________________________________________________________________________2. adduction ________________________________________________________________________________3. circumduction ____________________________________________________________________________4. depression _______________________________________________________________________________5. dorsiflexion ______________________________________________________________________________6. elevation _________________________________________________________________________________7. eversion _________________________________________________________________________________8. extension ________________________________________________________________________________9. flexion ___________________________________________________________________________________10. inversion _________________________________________________________________________________11. opposition ________________________________________________________________________________12. plantar flexion ____________________________________________________________________________13. pronation ________________________________________________________________________________14. rotation __________________________________________________________________________________15. supination ________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 4CDirections: Build a single medical term for each phrase below.

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1. joint pain _________________________________________________________________________________2. puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint ______________________________________________________3. surgically breaking a joint __________________________________________________________________4. fusion of a joint ___________________________________________________________________________5. joint inflammation ________________________________________________________________________6. incision into a joint ________________________________________________________________________7. visual examination of the inside of a joint ____________________________________________________8. excision of a bursa _________________________________________________________________________9. inflammation of a bursa ____________________________________________________________________10. stone in a bursa ___________________________________________________________________________11. excision of cartilage ________________________________________________________________________12. cartilage softening _________________________________________________________________________13. surgical repair of cartilage __________________________________________________________________14. pertaining to inside the skull ________________________________________________________________15. incision into the skull ______________________________________________________________________16. bone marrow tumor _______________________________________________________________________17. cancerous bone tumor______________________________________________________________________18. bone and cartilage tumor ___________________________________________________________________19. to surgically break a bone __________________________________________________________________20. bone softening ____________________________________________________________________________21. inflammation of bone and bone marrow______________________________________________________22. incision into a bone ________________________________________________________________________23. bone disease ______________________________________________________________________________24. abnormal condition of porous bones _________________________________________________________25. instrument to cut bone _____________________________________________________________________26. pertaining to between vertebrae _____________________________________________________________27. inflammation of fascia______________________________________________________________________28. suture fascia

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______________________________________________________________________________29. incision into fascia _________________________________________________________________________30. smooth muscle tumor ______________________________________________________________________31. fibrous smooth muscle tumor _______________________________________________________________32. record of muscle electricity _________________________________________________________________33. muscle disease ____________________________________________________________________________34. surgical repair of muscle ____________________________________________________________________35. suture a muscle ___________________________________________________________________________36. inflammation of many muscles ______________________________________________________________37. skeletal muscle tumor ______________________________________________________________________38. skeletal muscle destruction _________________________________________________________________39. inflammation of tendon ____________________________________________________________________40. pertaining to tendons ______________________________________________________________________41. incision into tendon _______________________________________________________________________42. surgical repair of tendon____________________________________________________________________43. tendon pain_______________________________________________________________________________44. disease of tendons and muscle_______________________________________________________________45. suture a tendon ___________________________________________________________________________46. slow movement ___________________________________________________________________________47. difficult or painful movement _______________________________________________________________48. excessive movement _______________________________________________________________________49. lack of development _______________________________________________________________________50. difficult (poor) development ________________________________________________________________51. excessive development _____________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 4DDirections: Write the medical term for which each abbreviation stands.1. AE _______________________________________________________________________________________

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2. AK ______________________________________________________________________________________3. BDT______________________________________________________________________________________4. BE _______________________________________________________________________________________5. BK_______________________________________________________________________________________6. C1, C2, etc. _______________________________________________________________________________7. CDH _____________________________________________________________________________________8. CTS ______________________________________________________________________________________9. DJD______________________________________________________________________________________10. FX, Fx____________________________________________________________________________________11. HNP______________________________________________________________________________________12. JRA ______________________________________________________________________________________13. L1, L2, etc.________________________________________________________________________________14. LAT, lat ___________________________________________________________________________________15. LE _______________________________________________________________________________________16. LLE ______________________________________________________________________________________17. LUE______________________________________________________________________________________18. NSAID ___________________________________________________________________________________19. OA ______________________________________________________________________________________20. ORIF _____________________________________________________________________________________21. Orth, ortho _______________________________________________________________________________22. RA ______________________________________________________________________________________23. RLE ______________________________________________________________________________________24. RUE _____________________________________________________________________________________25. SLE ______________________________________________________________________________________

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26. T1, T2, etc. _______________________________________________________________________________27. THA _____________________________________________________________________________________28. THR _____________________________________________________________________________________29. TKA _____________________________________________________________________________________30. TKR _____________________________________________________________________________________31. TMJ _____________________________________________________________________________________32. TX, Tx ___________________________________________________________________________________33. UE ______________________________________________________________________________________34. CPK _____________________________________________________________________________________35. DTR _____________________________________________________________________________________36. EMG _____________________________________________________________________________________37. IM _______________________________________________________________________________________38. MD ______________________________________________________________________________________39. ROM_____________________________________________________________________________________

QUIZ 4A Answer KeyCombining Form or Suffix Meaning1. ankyl/o stiff joint2. arthr/o joint3. articul/o joint4. burs/o sac5. carp/o wrist6. cervic/o neck7. chondr/o cartilage8. clavicul/o clavicle, collarbone9. coccyg/o coccyx, tailbone10. cost/o rib11. crani/o head, skull12. femor/o femur, thigh bone13. fibul/o fibula, smaller outer bone of lower leg14. humer/o humerus, upper arm bone15. ili/o ilium, part of hipbone16. ischi/o ischium, part of hipbone17. kyph/o hump18. lamin/o lamina, part of vertebra19. lord/o swayback, curve20. lumb/o loin, lower back21. mandibul/o mandible, jawbone

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22. maxill/o maxilla, upper jawbone23. metacarp/o metacarpals, hand bones24. metatars/o metatarsals, foot bones25. myel/o bone marrow26. orth/o straight27. oste/o bone28. patell/o patella, knee cap29. ped/o foot30. pelv/o pelvis31. phalang/o phalanges, bones of fingers and toes32. pub/o pubis, part of hipbone33. radi/o radius, lower arm bone34. sacr/o sacrum35. scapul/o scapula, shoulder blade36. scoli/o crooked, bent37. spondyl/o vertebrae, backbone38. stern/o sternum, breastbone39. synovi/o synovial membrane40. tars/o ankle41. thorac/o chest42. tibi/o tibia, inner bone of lower leg43. uln/o ulna, lower arm bone44. vertebr/o vertebra, backbone45. -blast immature, embryonic46. -clasia to surgically break47. -desis stabilize, fuse48. -listhesis slipping49. -malacia softening50. -porosis porous51. -scopy procedure to visually examine52. -tome instrument to cut53. fasci/o fibrous band54. fibr/o fibers55. leiomy/o smooth muscle56. muscul/o muscle57. my/o muscle58. myocardi/o heart muscle59. myos/o muscle60. plant/o sole of foot61. rhabdomy/o skeletal muscle62. ten/o tendon63. tend/o tendon64. tendin/o tendon65. -asthenia weakness66. -kinesia movement67. -trophy development, nourishment68. ab- away from69. ad- toward70. circum- around

QUIZ 4B Answer KeyMuscle Movement Meaning1. abduction Movement away from midline of the body.2. adduction Movement toward midline of the body.3. circumduction Movement in a circular direction from a central point.

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4. depression A downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders.5. dorsiflexion Backward bending, as of hand or foot.6. elevation To raise a body part, as in shrug the shoulders.7. eversion Turning outward.8. extension Movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition.9. flexion Act of bending or being bent.10. inversion Turning inward.11. opposition Move thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contactwith the other fingers.12. plantar flexion Bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward.13. pronation To turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot.14. rotation Moving around a central axis.15. supination Turning the palm or foot upward.

QUIZ 4C Answer KeyPhrase Term1. joint pain arthralgia2. puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint arthrocentesis3. surgically breaking a joint arthroclasia4. fusion of a joint arthrodesis5. joint inflammation arthritis6. incision into a joint arthrotomy7. visual examination of the inside of a joint arthroscopy8. excision of a bursa bursectomy9. inflammation of a bursa bursitis10. stone in a bursa bursolith11. excision of cartilage chondrectomy12. cartilage softening chondromalacia13. surgical repair of cartilage chondroplasty14. pertaining to inside the skull intracranial15. incision into the skull craniotomy16. bone marrow tumor myeloma17. cancerous bone tumor osteocarcinoma18. bone and cartilage tumor osteochondroma19. to surgically break a bone osteoclasia20. bone softening osteomalacia21. inflammation of bone and bone marrow osteomyelitis22. incision into a bone osteotomy23. bone disease osteopathy24. abnormal condition of porous bones osteoporosis25. instrument to cut bone osteotome26. pertaining to between vertebrae intervertebral27. inflammation of fascia fasciitis28. suture fascia fasciorrhaphy29. incision into fascia fasciotomy30. smooth muscle tumor leiomyoma31. fibrous smooth muscle tumor leiomyofibroma32. record of muscle electricity electromyogram (EMG)33. muscle disease myopathy34. surgical repair of muscle myoplasty35. suture a muscle myorrhaphy36. inflammation of many muscles polymyositis37. skeletal muscle tumor rhabdomyoma38. skeletal muscle destruction rhabdomyolysis

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39. inflammation of tendon tendinitis40. pertaining to tendons tendinous41. incision into tendon tendotomy42. surgical repair of tendon tendoplasty43. tendon pain tenodynia44. disease of tendons and muscle tenomyopathy45. suture a tendon tenorrhaphy46. slow movement bradykinesia47. difficult or painful movement dyskinesia48. excessive movement hyperkinesia49. lack of development atrophy50. difficult (poor) development dystrophy51. excessive development hypertrophy

QUIZ 4D Answer KeyAbbreviation Meaning1. AE above elbow2. AK above knee3. BDT bone density testing4. BE below elbow5. BK below knee6. C1, C2, etc. first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, etc.7. CDH congenital dislocation of the hip8. CTS carpal tunnel syndrome9. DJD degenerative joint disease10. FX, Fx fracture11. HNP herniated nucleus pulposus12. JRA juvenile rheumatoid arthritis13. L1, L2, etc. first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, etc.14. LAT, lat lateral15. LE lower extremity16. LLE left lower extremity17. LUE left upper extremity18. NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug19. OA osteoarthritis20. ORIF open reduction–internal fixation21. Orth, ortho orthopedics22. RA rheumatoid arthritis23. RLE right lower extremity24. RUE right upper extremity25. SLE systemic lupus erythematosus26. T1, T2, etc. first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc.27. THA total hip arthroplasty28. THR total hip replacement29. TKA total knee arthroplasty30. TKR total knee replacement31. TMJ temporomandibular joint32. TX, Tx traction, treatment33. UE upper extremity34. CPK creatine phosphokinase35. DTR deep tendon reflex36. EMG electromyogram37. IM intramuscular38. MD muscular dystrophy

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39. ROM range of motion