Styles since 1850 .…

the history of design

� Arts and Crafts

� Art Nouveau

� Art Deco

� Stijl

� Bauhaus

� Streamline

� Memphis

� Semantics

� Bio-design

Look in our library

� The New Design Source Book� by Penny Sparke et al. (1997)

Twentieth-Century Design� Twentieth-Century Design� by Jonathan Woodham (1997)

� Design since 1945� By Peter Dormer (1998)

Arts and Craft / 1850-1900

Art Nouveau / 1890-1920

Art Deco / 1925 - 1939

De Stijl / 1917 - 1931

Bauhaus / 1919 - 1933

1850 1900 1950 2000

England

France

Fran.

Holl

All.

Die casting

Bakelite

Micro electronics.

Bauhaus /

Streamline / 1935 - 1955

“Effect” Bauhaus / 1950 ...

Memphis / 1981-1990

Bio-design / 1980 �

“Semiotic“/ 1985 �

USA

Germany

Ital

Jap

Arts and Crafts

Great Britain

1850 -1900

� Industrial Revolution

� World Exhibition

� Crystal Palace, 1851

Crystal Palace, 1851

Arts & Crafts

� Industrialisation is said to have affected the quality of designquality of design

� Look for a high standard in design and art

Arts and Crafts - Great Britain

1850 -1900

Improve the image

� of the artisans� Hand-made product� Hand-made product

� “Middle-Age” Style

� of tradition� No new technology

� No new material

� Using old processes

Arts and Crafts

Great Britain

1850 -1900

William Morris

“Why would a carpenter be considered a worst be considered a worst gentleman than a lawyer? ”

�Textile

�Wallpaper

�Liberty

Arts and Crafts - Great Britain

1850 -1900

Shapes

� Simple

� Direct and functional

Little decoration� Little decoration

� Inspired by nature : plants, birds, animals

� Rustic tradition

� Good quality furniture

Arts and CraftsInfluence on education & on design promotion

� Especially in England� Consequently in USA

� AwarenessHigh standards of design & art� High standards of design & art

� Education� Central School of Arts & Crafts

� Royal College of Arts

� Victoria and Albert Museum

William Morris 1864

« Fruit » painted paper

Design by William � Design by William Morris en 1864

� Still being produced in 1980

Arts and Crafts Opens the way to Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau - France

1890 – 1920fluid line or

feminine art

Inspired ...

� by feminine shapes

� by the shapes of plants� by the shapes of plants

� Fluid line

� Organic shapes

� Decorative Elements

� Flower Ornaments

� Romantic style

Art Nouveau

1890 - 1920

� Became known in Europe in 1890

�World Exhibition in Paris 1890�World Exhibition in Paris 1890

� First international style

�Graphic Arts

� Luxury products

�Architecture

Art Nouveau - France

1890 - 1920

�Origin� Arts & Crafts (for quality)

� Art of Japan

� Hector Guimard : Paris Underground� Hector Guimard : Paris Underground

� Emile Gallé: Glass (Nancy)

� Victor Horta: (Belgium)

� Louis Tiffany : Glass, Jewellery (United States)

� Antoni Gaudi : Architecture (Barcelona)

� Charles Mackintosh : Architecture & furniture(Glasgow)

Art Nouveau 1890 - 1920

� Art Nouveau in France

� Jugendstil in Germany

� Floreale in Italy� Floreale in Italy

� Secession in Austria

� « Liberty » in England

Art Nouveau

Victor Horta

Art

Nouveau

Hector

Guimard

Art Nouveau

Emile Gallé

Art Nouveau

René Lalique

Art Nouveau

Antoni Gaudi

Art Nouveau

Antoni Gaudi

Art Nouveau

towards Art Deco …

Art Deco 1925 – 1939Arts Décoratifs Exhibition 1925

Dream & Escape Dream & Escape

Glamour, luxury,

the need to escape

faced

with depression

Art Deco

Exotic Influences

� Toutankhamon 1923

� African Art

� American Jazz Culture

� Aztec Temples

Egyptian Influence

Shapes of papyrus

Hollywood

Art Deco 1925 - 1939

� Hollywood Style

� Jazz Style

� A very rich and extroverted extroverted decoration

� Gold, silver, bronze, copper

Characteristics of Art DecoGeometric Shapes

Characteristics of

Art DecoThemes

SunSun

Stylised flowers

Human faces

Animals

Egypt

� Architecture� Skyscraper Architecture

� Shops, cinemas, factories

� Style of the interior of Hollywood

Art Deco 1925 - 1939

� Packaging & advertising� Poster

� Perfume bottles

� Packs of cigarettes

� Consumer goods� Decorative and cheap

� Jewellery

� Carpets, textiles

Miami Art Deco

Tropical Art Deco

Miami South

Beach

Advertising

Consumer goods

Consumer goods

� First style mass production

� New material

� Becomes the style of the middle classmiddle class

Style ?Art Déco

Style ?Art Nouveau

Designer ?Marcel Breuer

Style ?Bauhaus

Design by?Michael Thonet

Style ?Style ?

Art Nouveau

Art Déco

Style ?Streamline

Style ?Art Déco

Designer ?

Philippe Starck