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Content

1‐ Overview of the EMAR2RES project ............................................................................................. 3

2‐ Task 2.2: Linking the Marine and Maritime Science and Research Visions .................................... 3

2.2 Objective of Task 2.2 ..................................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 4

2.4 ‐ Results ......................................................................................................................................... 5

3‐ Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 14

1‐ Overview of the EMAR2RES project

EMAR²RES aims to provide a forum for interaction between Europe’s marine science and maritime transport research communities, so that they can collectively work towards enhanced capability in marine and maritime research. This is essential to ensure that Europe’s capability is of internationally acknowledged excellence, and of sufficient scale and critical mass to facilitate, promote and sustain intellectual interchange and discourse between those engaged in international research, fundamental to the principles of the Lisbon Agenda and the European Research Area. The objectives of EMAR²RES are summarised as to:

Support interaction between marine scientists and maritime transport research communities to assist in the creation of the marine component of the European Research Area (ERA), facilitating the creation of an internal market and quantifying the existing European marine and maritime research capacity.

Facilitate the networking of marine scientists and maritime transport research communities in the European Union leading to a more cost effective and efficient use of Member State resources including scientific personnel, specialist infrastructures and planned investments.

Contribute to the evolution of a European Marine Research Strategy, identifying future challenges and opportunities and the priority interdisciplinary research programmes that need to be put in place to address / benefit from them.

Provide a basis for the sharing of available resources to address priority issues which are beyond the capacities of individual Member States.

Progress the inter‐awareness between Member State and EU marine and maritime RTD Programmes, towards collaboration between programmes, which has been identified as a key objective of the ERA.

2‐ Task 2.2: Linking the Marine and Maritime Science and Research Visions

2..1 Background and Rationale Task 2.2 was designed to identify and link the strategic research visions of the two communities (marine and maritime) using existing strategic research agendas. The excercise made use of and drew from existing marine and maritime research strategies such as the Waterborne Visions 2020, the Marine Board position paper: “Navigating the Future III” and the Aberdeen Declaration. The respective assessment of these Strategic Research Agendas provided a good basis for the identification of maritime transport and marine research commonalities, with strong emphasis on Climate Change and competitiveness. The study received inputs from each of the marine and maritime sectors, and across disciplinary boundaries, to identify and complement technological, environmental, politico‐legal and socio‐economic challenges. The aims were to: 1. Identify pertinent technology challenges and innovations from the perspective of marine and maritime sectors; identification of transferrable technologies or processes; 2. Identify pertinent economic challenges from the perspective of each sector 3. Identify perceived environmental impacts/benefits/threats caused by or resulting from each sector 4. Identify perceived societal impacts/benefits/threats caused by or resulting from each sector 5. Identify perceived political and legal drivers; both facilitators and impediments

Each topic was considered on multiple timeframes; current (present‐5 years), near future (5‐10 years) and mid‐term (10‐25 years). Explicit consideration of long‐term challenges in the frame of Climate Change and European competitiveness were requested in this context.

2.2 Objective of Task 2.2 The main objective of EMAR²RES is to complement and inform the current research policy debate between the marine and maritime research communities as initiated by the European Marine and Maritime Research Strategy (EMMRS), in the frame of the Integrated Maritime Policy. This exercise aimed to identify common research priorities and potentially developing common marine & maritime strategic agendas in a global context.

2.3 Methodology This desk study relied on the respective assessment of marine and maritime research communities Strategic Research Agendas, summarised in Table 1 below. Table 1: Marine and Maritime strategic documents used for the EMAR²RES foresight initiative

Marine Research Community

‐ Navigating the Future III, a strategic Position Paper produced by the Marine Board and published in 2006, aimed to advance marine research in Europe by providing critical research priority recommendations towards improved coordination, cooperation and networks. The document, produced on behalf of the European marine research community, developed a cohesive vision and strategy for marine research with spatial‐temporal trends, opportunities and challenges for future scientific progress.

‐ The Aberdeen Declaration “A new deal for Marine and Maritime Science” (2007) contributed to the debate on the EU maritime policy, emphasising the role of marine science and technology in response to the Maritime Policy Green paper. It highlighted essential actions to assist the creation of the marine and maritime component (partnership) of the ERA notably through the implementation of the European Marine and Maritime Research Strategy.

‐ The Ostend Declaration “The Seas and Oceans are one of the Grand Challenges for the 21st Century” (2010) emphasised the societal and economic benefits which Europe derives from the seas and oceans and the crucial role that research and technology must play in addressing this challenge. It proposed specific integrative actions (Joint programming, European Ocean Observing System, Research to Knowledge) to be delivered in partnership with the broad range of marine and the maritime stakeholders.

Maritime Research Community

The maritime transport stakeholders formed the WATERBORNE TP Technology Platform in the conviction that only a combined and focused approach would generate the required RDI results. Their vision for the medium term was developed as The WATERBORNE TP VISION 2020 in 2005, followed by a Strategic Research Agenda (research priorities) in 2006 to address the Vision targets and challenges and an Implementation Plan in 2007 “Strategic Research Agenda: Waterborne Transport & Operations Key for Europe’s development and Future”.

The Vision 2020 targets are: - Safe, Sustainable and efficient Waterborne transport; - A competitive European Waterborne Industry; - Managing and facilitating the growth in transport volumes and the changes in

trade patterns. This vision categorised qualitative measures of the waterborne sectors’ success by the year 2020, with the ambitious targets to be met and the related innovation challenges. The contents are being used by industry sectors, national R&D programmes and also by the European Commission for defining the outline of and calls under the 7th Framework Programme.

To facilitate the identification of research commonalities between the two respective SRAs, the EMAR²RES Workshop topics and outputs (delivered under EMAR2RES Tasks 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) were used as a model platform as these topics already encapsulate generic research topics of common interest for both communities. The Workshop Topics were:

1‐ Impact of maritime transport on the marine environment [“biological/chemical”

relationships];

2‐ Impact of maritime transport on the marine environment [“Physical” relationships];

3‐ Monitoring marine environment and the benefits of metocean data to maritime transport

and climate change;

4‐ Impacts of climate change on maritime transport.

Workshops sessions planned during the project’s lifetime allowed Marine and Maritime research communities to brainstorm about issues of common interest, to identify joint Marine and Maritime RTD priorities and to identify themes which should form the basis of future strategic plans for an integrated knowledge. The workshops outcomes (WS 1‐4) were put in parallel with the current Marine and Maritime policy landscape in order to establish their scientific relevance in the context of Climate Change and European competitiveness. Diagram 1 – Concept of the methodology used

2.4 ‐ Results Diagrams 1,2,3 & 4 below summarise the findings by workshop topic.

Information extracted

from Marine and Maritime Strategic documents

EMAR2RES Workshop topic and key objectives

Marine RTD priorities

Maritime RTD

priorities

Relevant current EU marine and maritime policies

Workshop findings

Identification of Joint RTD activities

MARINE

- Strengthen research on invasive species;

- Adapt biotechnological chips to provide non‐invasive and affordable systems for ecotoxicological screening of water quality;

- Develop a framework that

enables inclusion of risk and

uncertainty in policy

development and

assessment throughout the

ecosystem.

MARITIME

‐ High‐level standards for

development and approval

of risk based rules /

regulations for standard

ships

‐ Verifiable reduced impact

of emissions on ecosystems

as compared to existing

vessel types;

‐ Validated marketable

designs of ballast‐reduced

or ballast‐free vessels;

‐ Solution for bio‐pollution

and anti‐fouling

contamination of water;

Topic 1:

Biological and chemical impacts of maritime

transport on the marine environment

Reducing the potentially negative biological and chemical impacts of maritime transport on the marine environment, including pollutants and transference of non‐native species Ballast water, non‐native species, hull surfaces, coatings

Towards of a 100% efficient, low cost & effective ballast water cleaning system in Europe - Agree, develop and

implement common

integrated frameworks

regarding the different

phases of processing

systems (from

detection to

treatment);

- Develop sensor

technologies;

Towards the implementation of an integrated antifouling management system in Europe: ‐ Use Bio‐mimetic

science to deliver a new antifouling technology;

‐ Address commonly the challenge of bio‐fouling on sensors;

‐ Develop common tools (e.g. combined marine/maritime models) to reduce the biological growth in particular areas of the hull;

‐ Monitor and analyse the sediment in ports.

EU policies and initiatives

‐ Europe 2020 Strategy

‐ Lund Declaration

‐ Integrated Maritime

Policy for the European

Union

‐ European Research Area

‐ Towards Joint

Programming in

Research

‐ 2020 Vision for ERA ‐ Marine knowledge 2020

‐ European Strategy for

Marine and Maritime

Research

‐ Marine Strategy

Framework Directive

environment.

‐ Directive on the

promotion of the use of

Energy from Renewable

Sources

‐ Green Paper on the

reform of the Common

Fisheries Policy

‐ Strategic goals and

recommendations for the

EU’s Maritime Transport

policy until 2018 ‐ Strategic Energy

Technology Plan

‐ EU Climate and Energy

Package

MARINE

- Develop a framework that

enables inclusion of risk and uncertainty in policy development and assessment throughout the ecosystem.

- Improve understanding of ocean energy resources;

- Improve understanding of the effect of acoustic disturbance on ecosystems and biota;

- Ocean carbon sequestration; biogeochemical cycles.

MARITIME

‐ Verifiable reduced impact

of emissions on ecosystems

as compared to existing

vessel types

‐ Innovative marine

equipment and systems

(e.g. propulsors, alternative

energy sources, alternative

fuels).

‐ Improved Tools and

Methods for reduced

emissions design.

Topic 2:

Physical Impact of maritime transport on the marine environment

Reducing the potentially negative physical impacts of maritime transport on the marine environment, including noise and atmospheric emissions Noise, vibration, Wash generated from/by the ship, atmospheric emissions (NOX, SOX, CO2, particulates)

Towards the joint Development of marine and maritime Risk Assessment (RA) frameworks in considering the impacts and mitigation of hazards such as noise and air emissions on the marine ecosystem. Risk Assessment framework aims to establish a robust research programme allowing clear identification of research activities and actions with regards to noise and emission reductions. ‐ RA Framework 1:

Impacts of noise; ‐ RA Framework 2:

Impact of Emissions.






Union


‐ Towards Joint

Programming in

Research



Marine and Maritime

Research

‐ Marine Strategy

Framework Directive

environment.




Sources



Fisheries Policy





Technology Plan


Package

MARINE

- Develop monitoring and enforcement technology beyond the current Vehicle Monitoring System

- Encourage funding programmes to support an increased implementation of measuring devices on regular shipping routes

- Develop integrated numerical models of estuarine processes to support improved management of rivers and estuaries

- Ensure a targeted monitoring of coastal risks (tracers of human activities)

- Improve observing and modelling methods and technologies particularly in the Coastal Zone

- Observing, predicting and monitoring systems (Predict climate, ocean currents and meteorology at different time scales)

- Develop models for climate evolution on global and regional scales.

- Improve the definition of extreme events; observing networks.

- Initiate a data policy to facilitate timely and improved access to data

Topic 3:

Monitoring climate change and the

benefits of operational oceanography to maritime transport

(a) Collection of meteorological and oceanographic data (Sensors, Telemetry)

Marine core information services to support maritime transport (e.g. e‐maritime)

Data collection: Set‐up collaborative research projects to target specific topics, e.g. changes to major currents, utilising the repeated data collection capability of the maritime industry over 4‐5 year time‐scale.

Sensor system development, deployment and data communications: Initiate an Audit of state‐of‐the art of sensor systems and services to identify gaps to focus effort in the development of future sensor systems and services. Initiate a feasibility study on the capacity to make water‐column measurements from moving maritime platforms.






Union


‐ Towards Joint

Programming in

Research



Marine and Maritime

Research

‐ Marine Strategy

Framework Directive

environment.




Sources



Fisheries Policy





Technology Plan


Package

Marine (continue...)

‐ Ocean‐atmosphere coupling

and the ocean thermohaline

circulation

‐ For Arctic seas, adapt and

transfer for use in the Arctic

those technologies devised

for deployment elsewhere

‐ Critical technologies (e.g.

sensors)

‐ Develop and operate multi‐

parametric ocean

observatories and monitoring

systems

‐ Develop long‐term and

comprehensive data

management plan in marine

research and observation

programmes; coordinate

data acquisition,

management and quality

insurance; establish a

European policy for data

dissemination;

- Initiate and support the

necessary funding

mechanisms, specialised

infrastructures, data

collection and information

management, and capacity

building essential to manage

our on‐going relationship

with the oceans and seas.

Data management: Data availability, Data processing, Data‐based services: Implement generic knowledge‐based tools and services for decision support for improved ship operations; Evaluate the state‐of‐the art of data exchange in Europe, overcoming barriers to information flow, to address practical problems. Marine and maritime long‐term collaboration: In order to develop improved knowledge‐based tools and services for safer and more sustainable ship operations, there will need to be close collaboration between the marine science and maritime communities, to determine the requirements of the industry and the potential contribution from the marine science community. An on‐going forum for such an exchange should be established and maintained


See above



(b) Collection of meteorological and oceanographic data (Sensors, Telemetry)


MARITIME

- Systems integration for safety and security: Demonstration of more reliable tools and systems providing better predictions and forecasts;

- Industrial application of remote real‐time monitoring, support and maintenance.

- Ice infested waters: risks models to classify the risks along various routes;

- Availability of databases containing scenarios and probabilities of collision and grounding events for the use of regulators and designers

- Availability of cargo spill models and EU emergency action recommendation to minimise human and environmental consequences

- Improvement of environmental protection, fishing monitoring

- Operation Management for low emissions: Weather routing – Currents riding

- Sustainable ports and maritime infrastructure development. Building with nature.



(c) Collection of meteorological and oceanographic data (Sensors, Telemetry)


EU policies and initiatives See above

Joint Research opportunities See above

MARINE

- Evaluate the economic impacts of ecosystem changes on resources and drivers of fisheries/aquaculture activities;

- Favour interdisciplinary research (humanities, economy) to address the challenge of implementing Coastal Zone Management and marine spatial planning; develop holistic models and integrated tools;

- Understand sea‐level rise and variability: assessments of coastal territories vulnerability, economical consequences, mitigation and adaptation strategies with regard to CC; distinguish CC to anthropogenic impacts on the coastal zones

- Develop integrated numerical models of estuarine processes to support improved management of rivers and estuaries

- Investigate coastal erosion linked to watershed mis‐management

- Develop research on sand grains transport in the coastal environment

Topic 4:

Impacts of climate change on maritime

transport (a)

Consequences of possible climate change on maritime transport, either on maritime operations, or on the design and construction of future platforms, caused by sea level rise, potentially higher frequency or magnitude of extreme weather. Impacts on operations and on vessel design

‐ Better knowledge and predicting capacities

Map what is already being done by national organisations to avoid overlap. ‐ Marine Spatial Planning Evaluate progress within European maritime states. ‐ Sea‐level rise Support new and joint infrastructure design studies drawing from common Marine & Maritime knowledge. Design adapted defence plans in appropriate places; design retreat/relocation plans. ‐ Arctic ice melting Support, develop and adapt new safety and security frameworks to operate in extreme environments; Develop integrated assessments of ice melting impacts on the natural, social and economical components in the Arctic region;






Union


‐ Towards Joint

Programming in

Research

‐ 2020 Vision for ERA

‐ Marine knowledge 2020


Marine and Maritime

Research

‐ Marine Strategy

Framework Directive

environment.




Sources



Fisheries Policy




policy until 2018

‐ Strategic Energy

Technology Plan


Package

MARINE (continue...)

- Harmonise national management plans to favour coherence and implementation of ICZM: vertical integration between terrestrial and maritime plans is essential and they should start at a national level;

- Study impacts of CC on coastal areas; - Predict climate, ocean currents and meteorology at

different time scales; - Establish long‐term, high‐quality observations of climatic

drivers of oceanographic, biogeochemical and biodiversity variability, and associated anthropogenic parameters

- develop models for climate evolution on global and regional scales;

- Improve the definition of extreme events; observing networks;

- Detect/assess CC impacts on oceans and mechanisms leading to these impacts;

- Develop appropriate adaptive strategies: downscale global models to regional/local scales and improve regional/local scenario modelling;

- Study ecosystem variation and functionality resulting from CC;

- Assess dynamics of change: towards a major ecosystem shift? (oscillations vs. trends);

- Provide decision makers with scenarios detailed enough;

- Predict scenario planning at the regional and local scales;

- Initiate a data policy to facilitate timely and improved access to data

- Encourage research on impacts of climate change on regional seas (e.g. the Arctic, Nordic, Baltic and the Mediterranean Seas);

- Contribute to ARGO experiment both for operational oceanography and for monitoring climate change.


transport (b)


Continue... ‐ Sea State Foster the collection/access of oceanographic data to generate the most suitable information for improved marine knowledge and effective maritime operations; Support and improve marine data acquisition and collection in time and space outside the EEZ. ‐ Sediment patterns/river

basins/floods Support the realisation of models on sedimentation processes at the European scale; Support the elaboration of scenarios and adaptive management strategies for the assessment of flow changes and at the local/regional scales; Carry out environmental impacts assessments in response to changing sedimentation patterns;

EU policies See above


transport (c)


Continue... ‐ Biota Study the interactions and impacts of blooms on maritime ‐ Marine and

maritime long‐

term

collaboration

EU policies See

above

MARITIME

- Extreme weather conditions: improved small vessel design, with robust intact stability and reduced risk of capsizing. Operational guidelines for individual types of ships, to enhance and supplement the inherent stability of the ships. Training instructions and crew training courses. On‐board capsizing expert systems and other decision support systems.

- Ice infested waters: risk models to classify the risks along traditional and new routes; recommendations and criteria for different routes; specific rescue/evacuation systems for arctic trade; Ship accident risk management system to prevent pollution.

- Effects of Climate Change: new design criteria for vessel design and infrastructure building for optimal coping with Climate Change; improved assessment tools and procedures for evaluation of Climate Change effects on environment and transportation; application of new technologies and transportation strategies for reduction of greenhouse gases;

- Ship/shore systems integration - Vessel shore Energy systems: development of an

integrated and innovative clean energy supply in port (use of alternative and renewable energies)

- Improved understanding of the effects of natural events within the marine environment, plus the effects of regulated activities, such as commercial fishing.

- Design for Climate Change of maritime infrastructures. - Life on the sea: development of large floating

infrastructure for energy, food and transport resources exploitation.

3‐ Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that:

1‐ A lot of information extracted from respective marine and maritime strategic documents are

of mutual interest for, and could be of use to, both research communities (Cf. DEL 2.1);

2‐ The outcomes of the EMAR2RES Workshops (DEL 3.3.1 to 3.3.5) provide a practical

demonstration of the commonalities that can be identified through joint assessment of

marine and maritime strategic documents;

3‐ This list of possible joint R&D activities delivered by the Workshops provides identifies

research areas of common interest for each Workshop topic. These lists are certainly not

exhaustive and could be updated on a regular basis by a joint marine and maritime review

panel;

4‐ The joint R&D activities could be addressed by joint marine and maritime research teams in a

multidisciplinary way, both on short‐ or long‐term timeframes according to the emerging

social and political needs and challenges, in a context of Climate Change and

competitiveness;

5‐ Those outcomes are clearly in line with the goals and objectives of current EU policies and

initiatives. As mentioned in point 4, some outcomes could clearly support short‐term policy

needs and requirements (as listed in Annex 1), others can really contribute to more long‐

term strategic objectives and regional needs (see DEL 3.5, D4.2& 5.1).

In conclusion, this analysis clearly reveals and re‐affirms that sectoral marine and maritime research

priorities and visions can be compared and, where identified, related or synergistic research goals

have the potential to be addressed through one, common methodological framework.

This integrated foresight assessment positioned new challenging ideas for future joint marine and

maritime research.

Annex 1‐ Relevant European policies and key objectives

Description of General Policies/initiatives for a sustainable management of EU coasts and seas

Description of general European policies and related initiatives Europe 2020 Strategy (2010) – EU 2020: seeks to establish a resource efficient low carbon economy, stimulating green innovation, growth and jobs and underpinned by investment in research and innovation. Lund Declaration (2009) – LD: states that European Research Policy should move away from the present bureaucratic structure and instead focus on the Grand Challenges to the World – e.g climate change, water shortage, demography and pandemics. Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union (2007) – IMP: based on the clear recognition that all matters relating to Europe's oceans and seas are interlinked, and that sea‐related policies must develop in a joined‐up way if we are to reap the desired results. It encompasses all elements of marine activity and provides for a holistic and integrated approach to address economic and sustainable development on a European Union wide basis. European Research Area – ERA:

Ljubljana Process (2008) is an enhanced partnership between the Member States, associated countries, stakeholders and the Commission to make European research more effective;

Towards Joint Programming in Research (2008): Joint Programming involves Member States engaging voluntarily and on a variable‐geometry basis in the definition, development and implementation of common strategic research agendas based on a common vision of how to address major societal challenges.

2020 Vision for ERA (2008): Member States and the Commission agreed to develop ERA in ways that contribute to the sustainable development and competitiveness of Europe.

Description of Marine and Maritime sectoral policies

Marine knowledge 2020 (2010) initiative aims to unlock and assemble marine data from

different sources and facilitate their use for purposes other than those for which they were originally intended.

European Strategy for Marine and Maritime Research (2008) – ESMMR sets out an agreed agenda for the development and mobilization of Europe’s marine and maritime research capabilities, including capacity building, enhanced integration and synergies between EU and Member State research and funding programmes, addressing regional and global challenges and opportunities and exploring new forms of governance and cooperation. Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008) ‐ MSFD aims to protect more effectively the marine environment across Europe. It aims to achieve good environmental status of the EU's

marine waters by 2020 and to protect the resource base upon which marine‐related economic and social activities depend. The MSFD constitutes the vital environmental component of the Union's future maritime policy, designed to achieve the full economic potential of oceans and seas in harmony with the marine environment. Directive on the promotion of the use of Energy from Renewable Sources (2009) ‐ ERS sets ambitious targets for all Member States, such that the EU will reach a 20% share of energy from renewable sources by 2020 and a 10% share of renewable energy specifically in the transport sector. The new Directive should be implemented by Member States by December 2010. Green Paper on the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (2009) ‐ rCFP draws up a mixed assessment of the Common Fisheries Policy and suggests ways to reap the benefits of its achievements and make up for its shortcomings. Strategic goals and recommendations for the EU’s Maritime Transport policy until 2018 (EC Communication) ‐ defines the main strategic objectives of the European maritime transport policy until 2018 and recommends actions to increase the competitiveness and sustainability of this sector (e.g. Quality shipping Exploiting the potential of Short Sea Shipping Europe – a world leader in maritime research and innovation) Strategic Energy Technology Plan‐ SET plans to accelerate the development and deployment of cost‐effective low carbon technologies. This plan comprises measures relating to planning, implementation, resources and international cooperation in the field of energy technology. EU Climate and Energy Package (2007) – CEP aims to combat climate change and increase the EU’s energy security while strengthening its competitiveness. To kick‐start this process, the EU Heads of State and Government set a series of demanding climate and energy targets to be met by 2020.

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