sub arctic indians 13

8/19/2019 Sub Arctic Indians 13

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3/25

ENVIRONMENTWESTERN SUB ARCTIC

• Alaskan Plateau- Bordered b brooks and ro!k"ounta#ns $ro" t%e nort% to t%e east and t%eAlaska and Coast ran&es $ro" t%e sout% to t%e

'est(• Cord#llera Area- !oast "ounta#ns and t%e Yukon

R#)er to t%e 'est and Ma!ken*#e R#)er lo'landsand ro!k "ounta#ns to t%e east( Plateaus!ross!ut b s"all r#)ers t%at +o' #nto t%e Pa!#,!(

• Alaska and Cord#llera Area- Mounta#nous reons!o)ered b a dense boreal orest. t%at #n!ludess/ru!e. b#r!%. and /#ne trees(


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5/25

ENVIRONMENT

WESTERN SUB ARCTIC

• Te"/eratures are e0tre"el !old( Most o$ t%e/re!#/#tat#on #s sno'(

• Inter#or Alaska- t%ere #s a 1 "ont% !!le o$ a$ree*e u/ and a break u/ o$ t%e sno'( T%ea)era&e sno'$all #s 23-43 #n!%es(

•Cord#llera Area- A)era&es around 53-63 #n!%es o$sno' #n t%e )alles and 733-833 #n!%es #n t%e"ounta#ns(


6/25

ENVIRONMENTEASTERN SUB-ARCTIC

• Ma!ken*#e Borderlands- E0tend east $ro" t%eCord#lleran Mounta#ns to t%e Canad#an S%#eld(

• Canad#an S%#eld- A ser#es o$ u/lands t%at dra#n

#nto t%e Ma!ken*#e Borderlands to t%e 'est andt%e Hudson Ba to t%e east(

• Subar!t#! S%#eld- stret!%es $ro" t%e Hudson Bato Eastern Canada(

•

Bot% areas are !alled t%e s%#eld subar!t#! be!auseo$ &eo&ra/%#!al "ass#$(


7/25

SHIE9: SUBARCTIC

• T%ree e!o-*one bands stret!%#n& a!ross t%e S%#eldSubar!t#!(

• 7; Barren &rounds- More nort% and #n!ludes

treeless tundras(• 2; Trans#t#onal Tundra- Central o$ t%e Subar!t#! and

#n!ludes a $orest e!o-*one(

• 4; :ense Boreal orest- Sout% o$ t%e Subar!t#!.

#n!ludes a r#!% $orest(• Hars% S%#eld en)#ron"ent- 9on& '#nters. s%ort

su""ers(

• :ee/ sno' a!!u"ulat#on #n dense $orest '%ere

'#nd !annot blo' #nto dr#$ts(


8/25

9ANut!%#n. In&al#k.

Tanana. Hare. Bear 9ake. :o&r#b. Sla)e.

C%#/e'an. and Bea)er(• Al&on?u#an S/eakers- Central@Eastern Subar!t#!

near t%e Hudson Ba= Western Woods Cree. WestMa#n Cree. East Cree. and Nort%ern O#b'a(

•

Pre-Conta!t Po/ulat#on- 53.333 #n t%e Westernand 13.333 #n t%e Eastern(


9/25

SUBSISTENCE AN: ECONOMY

• Su""ar#*ed as no"ad#! %unt#n&. ,s%#n& and$oran& bands t%at 'ere un#ted b d#ale!ts andk#ns%#/

•

Car#bou and "oose 'ere %unted de/end#n& onlo!al#t

• At%a/askan- %unted !ar#bou #n t%e AlaskanPlateau. Cord#llera. and t%e Ma!ken*#e

Borderlands. as 'ell as ot%er lo!al#*ed $auna(Were #n+uen!ed $ro" Nort%'est Coast. Pla#ns.and Ar!t#! tr#bes(

• Al&on?u#an- Car#bou. and "oose #n t%e Subar!t#! (


10/25


• T%e !ar#bou #n t%e Barren


11/25


• >oukon. C%#lo!t#n. and Carr#er tr#bes used a"ounta#n "ode o$ subs#sten!e t%at tookad)anta&e )ar#ous 'oodland $auna ot%er t%an t%e

!ar#bou( Car#bou 'as s!ar!e #n t%e reon(• T%e In&al#k and t%e Tanana o$ t%e Alaskan Plateau

'ere #n+uen!ed b Esk#"os #n t%e#r subs#sten!e/atterns(

•

Eak and Tana#na su//le"ented #nter#or %unt#n&'#t% "ar#t#"e ada/tat#ons(


12/25


• Subar!t#! S%#eld Al&on?u#an $ollo'ed "#&rat#onso$ Barren


13/25


• T%e elk. deer. 'ood b#son. and bea)er 'ere t%e"ost #"/ortant land an#"al(

• Bea)ers 'ere %unted #n t%e '#nter. '%en lod&es

!ould be seen and '%en #!e l#"#ted t%e#r"o)e"ent(

• Bea)er lod&es 'ere broken #nto and an#"als 'erek#lled ?u#!kl and e!#entl(

•

#s%#n& 'as su//le"ented '#t% %unt#n& and used'%en &a"e 'as s!ar!e(

• Berr#es. l#!%ens. and '#ld r#!e 'ere &at%ered as'ell(


14/25

CHIPEWYANA TYPICA9 SUBARCTIC TRIBE

• At%a/askan s/eakers. &ot t%e#r tr#bal na"e $ro"a Cree 'ord t%at "eant /o#nted sk#nD. but !alledt%e"sel)es :ene(

•

718- ort York bu#lt. C%#/e'an obta#ned,rear"s and blo!ked Esk#"os $ro" trade(

• 7676- ort Pr#n!e o$ Wales bu#lt. Esk#"os obta#ned'ea/ons and no' able to ,&%t ba!k. a ser#es o$

border !on+#!ts ensued(• 766- Peter Pond o$ t%e Nort%'est Co"/an

traded '#t% t%e C%#/e'an and 'as #n!o"/et#t#on '#t% t%e Hudson Ba Co"/an(E)entuall t%e t'o "er&ed #n 727(


15/25

CHIPEWYANA TYPICA9 SUBARCTIC TRIBE

• 781- Conta!t '#t% t%e ,rst Cat%ol#! M#ss#onar#es(

• 7F73- C%#/e'an totall s/e!#al#*ed #n tra//#n&be!ause o$ t%e $ur trade(

• 7F72- #rst An&l#!an C%ur!% #n C%ur!%%#ll• 7F74- No"ad#! C%#/e'an settle #n C%ur!%%#ll

and onl 833 C%#//e'an le$t. be!ause o$ as"all/o0 e/#de"#!(


16/25

CHIPEWYANCREATION MYTH

• A 'o"an l#)ed #n !a)e and ate berr#es $or $ood( Oneda. a do& l#ke !reature !a"e to %er !a)e and l#)ed'#t% %er( One n#&%t s%e %ad a drea" t%at %er and

t%e do& %ad "ated( W%en s%e 'oke s%e real#*edt%at #t 'asnGt a drea"( One da. a ant !a"e to t%e!a)e. dra&n& a lar&e st#!k t%at "ade lakes. '%#!%%e ,lled '#t% 'ater(


17/25

CHIPEWYANBE9IE SYSTEMS

• Wol)es and 'ol)er#nes dan&erous. but not k#lled(

• Bears $eared. but k#lled. and 'o"en !ould nottou!% sk#ns(

•A$ter deat%. t%e soul %as to !ross a r#)er #n astone !anoe(

•


18/25

CHIPEWYANMATERIA9 CU9TURE

• Tobo&&an. -78 $eet lon&. 7 $oot '#de and 'as t%e"ost )aluable /ossess#on( Made o$ un#/er 'oodand /ulled b 'o"en(

•

B#r!% bark !anoes. 74 $eet lon&. 2 $eet '#de. andt%e $ront /art o$ t%e boat 'as !o)ered '#t% a/lat$or"(

• Canoes 'ere !aulked '#t% $at $ro" t%e !ar#bou(

•

Tools 'ere "ade o$ stone. bone. antler and!o//er(


19/25

CHIPEWYANMATERIA9 CU9TURE

• Clot%#n& $ro" !ar#bou sk#ns taken bet'een Au&ust andO!tober J-73 sk#ns a ear;(

• Car#bou sk#ns /ro)#ded "ater#al $or "o!!as#ns. le&n&s.

$urs. $ur !a/s. and "#ttens(• 9#)ed #n !one s%a/ed tents. 23 $oot #n d#a"eter. #t took

63 sk#ns. and %oused around F /eo/le(

• 7F33- Can)as re/la!ed rott#n& sk#ns(


20/25

SOCIA9 OR


21/25

SOCIA9 OR


22/25

ANNUA9 CYC9E

• Earl S/r#n&- Hunted !ar#bou at barren &rounds'est o$ Hudson Ba. 'a#t#n& at t%e !ar#bou!ross#n&s(

•

Coales!en!e- 63 tents set u/ and around 133-633/eo/le(

• Peo/le %adnGt seen ea!% ot%er s#n!e last ear( T%e ,rst band t%at &ot t%ere 'ould s#t on a l#ne #nt%e tundra. ne' arr#)als 'ould s#t 43 ards a'a(

• Old "en 'ould talk about last ears tra&ed#es'%#le 'o"en 'ould 'a#l( Bad ne's onl"ent#oned on!e and ne)er a&a#n(


23/25

ANNUA9 CYC9ESPRIN<

• E0!ess !ar#bou "eat 'as le$t $or 'ol)es. '%o'ere %eld #n %#&% re&ard(

• T%e sk#n 'as "ore #"/ortant t%an t%e "eat(

•At t%e end o$ S/r#n&. Eastern C%#/e'an returnedto sout%ern $orests to %unt !ar#bou(

• Western C%#/e'an %unted $orest bualo(


24/25

ANNUA9 CYC9ESUMMER

• Su""er- Eastern C%#/e'an !ont#nued to %unt'oodland !ar#bou and t%e Western C%#/e'an!ont#nued to %unt $orest bualo(

•

T%e ,s%ed #n t%e strea"s '#t% nets( Ea!% net%ad #ts o'n /ersonal#t(

• Ea!% $a"#l o'ned a net and e)er all. t%e$a"#l#es !a"e to&et%er #nto bands and t#ed,s%#n& nets to&et%er(

• T%ere 'as a r#tual $or t%e ,rst !at!%(


25/25

ANNUA9 CYC9E

• T%e r#tual o$ t%e ,rst !at!% started '#t% t%ebo#l#n& o$ t%e ,s% unt#l t%e +es% $ell o(

• Bones %a)e to be t%ro'n ba!k #nto t%e 'ater(

T%e 'ere "ade #n to %ooks. s/ears and arro's(• T%e rest o$ t%e !at!%es 'ere dr#ed(

• W#nter- Ca"/s at t%e ed&e o$ $orests. near lakes.and st#ll %unted !ar#bou( Bed $all tra/s 'ere used(

•

T%e %ead. ba!k $at. $etus. and &rubs under t%esk#n 'ere a"on& t%e#r $a)or#te /arts o$ t%e an#"alto eat( Berr#es and "osses also $a)ored #n t%e'#nter(

sub arctic indians 13

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