Subject Index

AActive hexose correlated compound

(AHCC), 412Activity management, 381–382Acupuncture treatment, 385–386

for gastric cancer, 129–130point injection, 179

vitamin K3 for, 178prescription one

QImen points, 179Sanyinjiao points, 179Yanglingquen points, 179Zhangmen points, 179Zusanli point, 179

prescription twoAshi points, 179Baihui points, 179Ganyu points, 179Mingmen points, 179Neiguan points, 179Sanyinjiao points, 179Shenyu points, 179

YangLing points withChinese traditional medicines

injections, 178Zi wu liu zhu principle, 178

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 69Acute myeloblastic leukemia, 52Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 67Acute nephrotoxicity, 408

Acute pro-myelocytic leukemia(APML), 67

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)infusion, 374

Adjuvant Navelbine InternationalTrialist Association(ANITA)

trials, 10, 12Adriamycin, 52Adverse drug reaction (ADR)

reporting systems, 459Agosterol A steroids structure, 623Aitong powder, 177Ajoene, 466

See also GarlicAllicin, 466

See also GarlicAllium sativum, see GarlicAmerican Joint Commission on

Cancertumor/node/metastasis schema, 5

9-Aminocamptothecin, 404AML, see Acute myeloid leukemia

(AML)Amrita, see Tinospora glabraAnacarcin Forte, 53Anacardiflavanone, 50Anatomic segmentectomy, 8

See alsoNon-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)

M. Alaoui-Jamali (ed.), Alternative and Complementary Therapiesfor Cancer, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0020-3,� Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2010

693

Androgen receptor (AR)abiraterone acetate and novel

antiandrogens, 676antiandrogens, 677AR LBD

crystal structures of, 677domains and, 676

C-terminal helix-12 (H12), 674DBD, 673HRPC, 677and LBD, 673–674mutations in AR genes, 676NTD containing AF-1, 673signaling, 673studies, 674

Angelica dahuricaextract

for upper respiratory tract, 474for viral and bacterial

infections, 474Angong Huangti pills, 176ANITA, see Adjuvant Navelbine

International TrialistAssociation (ANITA)

Anti angiogenesis therapy, 15agents, 7

Anticancer agents, 411Antimetabolites, DNA poisons, 6Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, 7APML, see Acute pro-myelocytic

leukemia (APML)Ar-Curcumene, 58Aroma therapy, 386Ashwagandha, see Withania

somnifera L.Auricular acupuncture, 129Avastin, see BevacizumabAyurvedic medicine, 25, 405

art–science of healthCharak Samhita, 35Sushrut Samhita, 35Vaata, Pitta and Kapha, 35Vedic, 35

camptothecin, 33in cancer management, 34case records, 63–65

energy level, 66–67patient condition, 66

Centella asiatica, 34Crocus sativus, 34in de novo cases of acute

premyelocytic leukemia,68–69

diseasesAgnikarma, 37Apachi, 36Apunarbhav chikitsa, 37Arbud, 36dietary advice and avoidance,

37Galganda, 36Granthi, 36Gulma, 37Ksharkarma, 37lesions, 37marma, 37multiplicity or recurrence of

tumors, 37shodhan and shaman, 37Vidradhi, 37

Eclipta alba, 34etoposide, 33Lippia nodiflora, 34management, drugs used

Basant Malti, 68Kamadudha, 68Navjeevan, 68Valipani, 68

medicinal plants/formulationsfor cancer therapy, 35

Papaverum somniferum, 34physician, dilemma and

approach, 38podophyllotoxin, 33Pongamia pinnata, 34Poorva–Karma in cancer, 34prescription for management of

cancer, 34principles of

asthi and majja, 36Dhatus, 36mamsa and meda, 36

694 Subject Index

mind–body relationship, 36rasa and rakta, 36shukra, 36

scientific basis for, 33Shorea robusta, 34taxol, 33vinca alkaloids, 33

BBai Zhi formulation, 219Benign prostatic hyperplasia

(BPH)treatment with

African potato, 470–471Pygeum, 470–471rye pollen, 470Saw palmetto, 470stinging nettle, 470–471

Bevacizumabfor metastatic cancers, 7

Bhilwanol A, see Catechol IBhrigu-Samhita, 32Bicalutamide, 676Biflavanones, 50Bingdong zhidi mixture, 175Bing Pian, 214

formulation for pain, 199liquor, 178

Bioactive moleculesfrom natural sources

bioactivity-directedfractionation, 677

compound selection, 678function-oriented synthesis, 679nine ginsenosides detection, 678Panax ginseng study, 678QCAR, 677–678TCM, 678virtual screening in, 678

Biological Diversity Act (2002), 538Bioterrorism Act, 407Bisdemethoxycurcumin, 58Black cohosh, 406, 408, 412Bladder cancer

etiology and pathogenesisheat evil damage, 320

Qi and blood stagnate, 320Qi deficiency, 320

and primarymalignant tumor, 319syndrome differentiation and

treatment, 320blood stasis obstruction

internally, 325–326excessive heat, 322–323heat accumulation in lung,

321–322kidney deficiency, 329–331liver depression and Qi

stagnation, 323–325spleen and stomach deficiency,

326–327unconsolidated kidney Qi,

327–329TCM formulations

Chan Chu, 349dietary therapy, 349Er Xian Tang, 336Fu Fang Er Ji Tang, 342–343Fu Fang Shan Zhi Tang,

347–348Jia Wei Wu Ling San, 341–342Jie Du Li Shi Tang, 337Lian Ji Di Huang Tang,

348–349Long She Yang Quan Tang,

335Mi Ren Chi Dou Tang, 338Qiang She Tang, 341Sang She Tangh, 340San Jin Tang, 336–337Xin Dan Pang Guang Tang,

338–340Ya Zao FengMiWan, 335–336Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 1,

343–344Zhi PangGuangAi Fang 2, 344Zhi PangGuangAi Fang 3, 345Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 4,

346treatment of complications

infection, 333outlet obstruction, 334

Subject Index 695

Bladder cancer (cont.)uremia, 331–333

types of, 320Blood syndrome, 175

See also Liver cancerBortezomib

for multiple myeloma, 7Botanical product, 403

CDER’s botanical review team, 406See also Herbal products

BPH, see Benign prostatichyperplasia (BPH)

Brain cancerwith astrocytoma and

glioblastoma, 351integration of TCM with

conventional therapies,364

Bai Hua She She Cao, 365Bai Jiang Can, 365Bai Jiang Cao, 365Ban Xia, 365Ban Zhi Lian, 365Chuan Bei Mu, 365Chuan Xiong, 365Ci Ji Li, 365Da Huang Pian, 365Dang Gui, 365Di Long, 365Fang Feng, 365Fu Ling, 365Gan Cao, 365Hai Fu Shi, 365He Shou Wu, 365Jin Qian Cao, 365Jin Yin Hua, 365Kun Bu, 365Men Shi Gun Tan Wan, 365Mu Xiang, 365Pu Gong Ying, 365Quan Xie, 365San Qi Fen, 365Shan Ci Gu, 365Sheng Di, 365Shou Gong, 365Tian Ma, 365

Tian Zhu Huang, 365Tu Fu Ling, 365Wu Gong, 365Xiao Yao Wan, 365Ye Ju Hua, 365Ye Ming Sha, 365Yun Nan Bai Yao, 365

syndrome differentiation andtreatment

Bai Jiang Can, 352Bai Jie Zi, 352Ban Xia, 352Bing Qiu Zi, 352Chi Shao Yao, 352Chuan Xiong, 352Dang Gui, 352Dan Shen, 352excessive heat in liver and

gallbladder, 358–359E zhu, 352Hai Zao, 352Huang Yao Zi, 352internal obstruction of

dampness andphlegm, 356–358

Kun Bu, 352liver and kidney Yin

deficiency, 355–356liver deficiency, 359–361Mu Li, 352Nan Xing, 352Qi and blood stagnation,

353–354San Leng, 352Shi Chang Pu, 352Shui Hong Hua Zi, 352spleen and kidney Yang

deficiency, 354–355Xiang Bei Mu, 352Yuan Zhi, 352

TCM formulationsNao Liu Xiao Fang,

362–363Nao Liu Yi Hao Fang,

363–364Nao Liu Yi Hao Fang 2, 364

696 Subject Index

sticky paste for externalapplication, 363

Xiao Liu Tang, 361Yi Qi Hua Tan San, 361–362

treatment of complicationscentral fever, 366–367intracranial hypertension, 366

Yang channels, 351Brain metastasis, 8Breast cancer, 52

anthracyclines, 7carboplatin and paclitaxel, 7diet therapy

Ju He RuMoMi Yin, 218–219Pu Gong Ying Yuan Hu Yin,

219–220Zao Jiao Ci Ju Pi Mi Yin,

221–222endocrine therapy of Chinese

medicineEr Zhi Wan, 218Huang Jing, 218Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, 218Lu Jiao Fen, 218Nu Zhen Zi, 218Xian Lin Pi, 218Xian Mao, 218

etiology and pathogenesis fromTCM perspective

anxiety, 207Chong Channel, 207Fu Ke Xin Fa Yao Jue, 207Ge Zhi Yu Lun, 207Ren Channel, 207worry and depression, 207Yi Zong Jin Jian, 207

historical perspectiveJiaoZhuFuRenLiangFang, 206

syndrome differentiation andtreatment principle

accumulated phlegm-heattoxin, 208

accumulation of blood stasisand toxin, 210–211

dual deficiency of Qi andblood, 211

entwinement and obstructionof phlegm and Qi,209–210

liver depression and Qistagnation, 209

phlegm-dampness, 208Qi and blood insufficiency, 208Qi deficiency, 208root pathogenesis, 208soothe liver and regulate Qi,

207spleen deficiency, 208surgery-based combination

therapy, 208Yang deficiency, 208zang-fu viscera, 208

TCM for radiotherapy andchemotherapy sideeffects

dermatitis, 217esophagitis, 216internal heat, Yin deficiency,

215pneumonia, 215–216Qi and Yin injury, 215stomatitis, 217–218

TCM formulations for, 206treatment of complications, 211

Bai Hua She SheCao, 212

Ban Zhi Lian, 212breast ulcers, 213–214Bu Gu Zhi, 212cancer pain, 214Chen Pi, 212Chuan Jian Zi, 212Chuan Xin Lian, 212Jin Gang Ci, 212Nu Zhen Zi, 212Pu Gong Ying, 212Qing Pi, 212Sang Zhi, 212upper extremity swelling,

212–213Yan Hu Suo, 212Yi Yi Ren, 212

Subject Index 697

Breast cancer (cont.)worldwide incidence

of, 205Breathing exercises, 379Burning pain, 159BuZhong Yi Qi Tang formulation, 286

CCAM, see Complementary and

alternative medicine(CAM)

Camptosar1, see Irinotecan/CPT-11Canadian Intellectual Property Office

(CIPO),530Canadian Patent Act, 549–550Cancer-related fatigue (CRF)

concomitant factors of, 372–373conventional treatments, 373integrative therapies, 373

biologically based practices,374–377

energy-based treatments,383–384

manipulative and body-basedpractices, 382–383

mind–body medicinetreatments, 377–382

whole medical systems,385–386

physiology of, 372prevalence of problem of, 371–372

Cancerspain, CAM for, 394–395

books reviewing effectivenessof, 397

Cochrane reviews, 396evidence of, 397–398systematic reviews, 396–397

socioeconomic impact of, 4staging system for, 5See also Specific cancers

Capecitabine, see Antimetabolites,DNA poisons

Carboplatin, DNA poisons, 6and paclitaxel adjuvant

chemotherapy, 10

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 192Catechol I, 50CDK2, seeCyclin-dependent kinase 2

(CDK2)CEA, see Carcinoembryonic antigen

(CEA)Celastrol, 412Cell signalling and diseases

protein-protein interactions in, 646bioactive natural products, 653DOS, case for, 660FAK, 647–652and GRAF, 647HDAC, 660–662human diseases, 647identification of, 652–655new technologies to screen for,

655–660protein kinase C (PKC), 648and role of naturally derived

molecules, 652trichostatin-A (TSA), 661

Center for Drug Evaluation andResearch (CDER), 404

Cephalostatin 1 steroids, 624Certonardoa semiregularis, 623Cervical epithelial carcinoma, 52Cetuximab for colon cancer, 7Chai Hu Shu Gan San formulations,

246Chan Su formulation for pain, 198Chan SuGao Chinese medicinals, 150

formulation for pain, 198Chemotherapeutic drugs

microtubular inhibitors, 6timeline of, 17

Chen Pi formulation, 221Chlorofusin, 652Chronic illness therapy–fatigue

functional assessmentfatigue subscale, 376questionnaire, 379yoga intervention, 379

Chronic myeloblastic leukemia, 52Chronic myelogenous leukemia

(CML) treatment, 685

698 Subject Index

Chuan Lian Zi formulation, 2191,8 Cineole, 58Cisplatin, DNA poisons, 6

containing combination doubletsfor NSCLC, 7

Clyste, 151CML, see Chronic myelogenous

leukemia (CML)Coenzyme Q10, 376–377Cognitive behavioral therapies

(CBT), 381–382Colorectal cancer

etiology and pathogenesis, 136formulations and recipes

Bai She Feng Wei Tang, 144Chan Pi Wu Gong Jian,

144–145Jia Wei Si Ni Tang, 148–149Jia Wei Zhi Shu Wan, 148Leng E Jiang Teng Yin, 146Long ShuWeng Lian Tang, 145Qing Chang Jie Du Tang,

142–143Qing Chang Xiao Zhong Tang,

143–144Qing Xue Ran Jian Tang, 147Shen Ling Shu Jiang Tang,

149–150Xin Jia Xie Xin Tang, 146–147

5-FU, 7in geographical distribution, 135leucovorin and irinotecan, 7syndrome differentiation

dual deficiency of Qi andblood, 139–140

internal accumulation ofdampness heat,136–137

internal binding of blood stasisand toxin, 137–138

liver and kidney Yindeficiency, 141–142

spleen and kidney Yangdeficiency, 140–141

spleen deficiency and dampnessobstruction, 138–139

treatment of complicationsascites, 150–151colon obstruction by tumor

mass, 151colon perforation, 152pain, 150

Community Plant Variety Rights(CVPR), 536

Complementary and alternativemedicine (CAM), 374, 393,396, 398, 424

approaches for cancer, 31drug discovery and development,

32in hemato-oncology

approach, 67modalities, 393–394

evaluated for cancer pain, 398risk management issues, 5144 Ts, professional decision-

making, 514Computed axial tomography

(CAT), 4Concurrent syndromes

with advanced cancer,treatment of

blood syndrome, 175hepatic encephalopathy, 176jaundice, 175

See also Liver cancerContaminants, 407Convention on Biological Diversity

(CBD), 537CPT-11, 404CRF, see Cancer-related fatigue

(CRF)Curcuma longa L.

ayurvedic properties ofAnuloman, 57Doshaghnata, 57Guna, 57Hikkanigrahana, 57Kushthaghna, 57Pittarsarak, 57Rasa, 57Ruchivardhaka, 57

Subject Index 699

Curcuma longa (cont.)Shwashara, 57Verya, 57Vipak, 57Vishagna, 57

biological activityantioxidant nature, 61apoptosis in cancer cell

lines, 61carrangeein-induced oedema, 60chronic inflammation, 60COX2 in human colon tumour

cell line, 61downregulation of

transcriptionfactors, 61

free radical scavengingactivity, 61

inhibition of lipidperoxidation, 61

ROS and JNK pathway, 61TNF-a-induced AKT

activation, 61as cancer remedy, 58carminative for diarrhea, 58clinical studies

alcoholic extract with, 63experimental data, 63external cancerous lesions, 62modalities of treatment, 63tolerability, 63

formulations, 60household spice and herb in

India, 57Krimighna, 58for liver problems and jaundice, 58Mootrasangrahaniya, 58Mootraviranjaniya, 58phytoconstituents

bisdemethoxycurcumin, 58curcuminoids, 58demethoxycurcumin, 58diarylheptanoids, 58hexahydrocurcumin, 58hexahydrocurcuminol, 58and metabolites, 59

sesquiterpenes, 58tetrahydrocurcumin, 58

rhizomes of, 57toxicity

low oral bioavailability, 61solubility in water, 61

used as tonic, 58for wound healing, 58

Curcuminoids, 58Cutaneous lymphoma, 7Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2),

659–660Cyclophosphamide, DNA poisons, 6Cytarabine (Ara C) structures, 614Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes,

451, 586–587activity, 457drug conjugation, 457functions, 453monooxygenases, 569subfamilies and substrates, 454–457

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, 6

DDachaihu decoction, 175Dang Gui Long Huai Tang

formulations, 246Defensive Qi, 26Demethoxycurcumin, 58Dermatitis, 217DHT, see Dihydro-testosterone

(DHT)Diarylheptanoids, 58Didemnin B, 626

structures of, 627Dienepentadecyl catechol II, 50Dietary supplements, 403Di Huang Wan formulation, 286Dihydro-testosterone

(DHT), 680Distended pain, 159Distress, 383Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS),

660DMBA-induced papilloma, 42Docetaxel, 6

700 Subject Index

DOS, seeDiversity-oriented synthesis(DOS)

‘‘Dysphagia’’, 85

EEchinacea, sunflower plant family, 410

components ofbutylamides and polyines, 467polyenes and volatile oils, 467polysaccharides and

flavonoids, 467CYP activity, impact on, 467drug efflux transporters, 468Echinacea purpurea

preparations, 467oral bioavailability of Midazolam

after intake, 468Ecteinascidin 743

clinical trials with, 621EGFR, see Epidermal growth factor

receptor (EGFR)Endocrine therapy of Chinese

medicineEr Zhi Wan, 218Huang Jing, 218Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, 218Lu Jiao Fen, 218Nu Zhen Zi, 218Xian Lin Pi, 218Xian Mao, 218

Endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography(ERCP), 191

Energybased treatments, 383conservation, 381–382

EORTC, see European Organizationfor Research andTreatment of Cancer(EORTC)

Ephedra speciesused in traditional medicine,

472–473Epidermal growth factor receptor

(EGFR), 5anti-EGFRmonoclonal antibody, 7

EGFR-TKI gefitinib, 14EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 7somatic mutations in tyrosine

kinase domain, 15Erbitux, see CetuximabERCP, see Endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)

Erlotinib, see TarcevaEsophageal cancer

clinical manifestations, 85esophageal obstruction

Bai Xia Kai Dao Tang, 96–97Ban Xia Xie Xing Tang, 97Kai Guan San, 97–98

etiology and pathogenesisendogenous and exogenous

factors, 86incidence of, 85syndrome differentiation and

treatment, 86damage of Yin by heat toxin,

90–91entwinement of phlegm and

Qi, 88–89kidney Yang insufficiency,

93–94liver Qi stagnation, 87–88obstruction of phlegm and

blood stasis, 89–90spleen and stomach deficiency,

92–93treatment of complications

cancerous pain, 94–96used formulations

Dong Ling Cao, 103ErChen Xuan Fu Tang, 101–102Hai Zao Mu Li Tang, 102–103Jian Pi Zi Shen Tang, 99Kun Bei Wan, 98Ling Xian Er Cao Tang, 98–99Shuang Ren San, 103ShunQiRuan JianTang, 99–100Tong You Tang, 101Zeng Ye Hua Tan Wan,

100–101

Subject Index 701

Esophagitis, 216Essence and Qi, theories, 26

See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)

Etopophos1, see EtoposideEtoposide, 6, 425

See also Topoisomeraseinhibitors, DNApoisons

European Organization for Researchand Treatment of Cancer(EORTC), 12

European Patent Office (EPO), 530Excision repair

crosscomplementationgroup 1 (ERCC1), 11

E Zhu formulation for pain, 199

FFAK, see Focal adhesion kinase

(FAK)Fas-associated death domain protein

(FADD), 568Fat Qi, 26Fire syndrome, 164Five elements theories, 26

See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)

Flavonoids, 53, 583in cancer prevention, 589

animal models, 591–592antiangiogenic properties, 598antimitotic effects, 593–594apoptotic effects, 594cell signaling, 596–597combination with cancer

treatments, 599–600differentiation, 594–595EGCG and GRP78, 596epidemiological studies, 593in humans, 592–593MAP kinase, 597multidrug resistance,

595–596ovarian cancer, 593topoisomerase inhibition, 595

vascular disrupting agents,598–599

in vitro antimutagenicity,590–591

chemical structures of, 584C heterocycle, 585fruits and vegetables, 585

classes, 585CYP metabolism, 586–587daily consumption of, 584effect on hormone-dependent

cancersfisetin, 597genistein, 597

inasmuch, 584mechanisms of, 590pharmacological activities

antiallergic, 588antibacterial activity, 589anti-inflammatory, 588–589antioxidant, 587–588antiulcer, 589antiviral activity, 589cardiovascular diseases, 587hepatoprotection, 588vascular protection, 588

structures of, 586toxicity, 600

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)C-terminal domain, 647intracellular signalling pathways,

649molecular dissection of, 648

and breast cancer, 651–652CHO cell migration, 650focal adhesion complex,

651–652prostate cancer cell migration,

650Foot soak, 386Fu Rong Ze Lan Gao formulation,

214

GGalluflavanone, 50Ganluxiaodu pill, 175

702 Subject Index

Ganmai Dazao decoction, 176Gan Shu (BL 18) acupoints, 129Garlic, 410–411

antiplatelet effect of, 467blood pressure, effect on, 466constituents of

sulfur-containing molecules, 466drug metabolism and, 466–467hypercholesterolemia, 466saquinavir and garlic extract

coadministration, 467Gastric cancer

role of acupuncture therapy intreatment of, 129–130

Gefitinib, 14Gemcitabine, 6

See also Antimetabolites, DNApoisons

Genitourinary cancer, 408Giloy, see Tinospora glabraGinkgo, 406, 409

contentsflavonoids and terpenoids, 465glycosides, 465

and drug interaction, 465and efficacy of CYP 2C19

substrates, 465formulations

age-related maculardegeneration, 464

antiedemic and antihypoxic, 464antioxidant and antiplatelet, 464asthma and vertigo tinnitus, 464dementia and Alzheimer’s

disease, 464diuretic, 464impotence and erectile

dysfunction, 464multi-infarct dementia, 464neurotransmitter activity, 465regulation of angiogenesis, 465

for lymphedema, 414See also Herbal products

Ginkgo biloba, see GinkgoGinseng, 377

from Araliaceae plant family, 468

cAMP phosphodiesteraseactivity, 469

components ofginsenosides and elutherosides,

469saponins, 469

medicinal applicationsaphrodisiac and

antidepressant, 468diabetes mellitus, 469diuretic, 469immune response and

cognitive function,468–469

physical performance, 468phytoestrogenic and

anticancer, 469sedative and hypnotic, 468stress and homeostasis, 468

phytoestrogenic effects, 469thromboxane A2 activity, 469

Glutamine, 409Glutathione S-transferases (GST), 451P-Glycoproteins, 411, 451Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

for arthritis and viralinfections, 474

for gastric ulcers, 474Gong Sun (SP4) acupoints, 199Good agricultural practices

(GAP), 406Good handling practices (GHP), 406Good manufacturing practices

(GMP), 407Green tea extract, 404Grossularine

cytotoxic activity of, 615–616structures of, 616

GST, see Glutathione S-transferases(GST)

GTPase regulator associated withFAK (GRAF), 647

Guduchi, see Tinospora glabraGuipo decoction, 175Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan formulations,

246

Subject Index 703

HHDAC, see Histone deacetylases

(HDAC)Healing touch, 383–384Healthcare provider responsibility, 499Heat syndromes, 164Hematuria, 273Hemiasterlin peptides, 628

structures of, 629Hepatic encephalopathy, 176

See also Liver cancerHerbal products, 403

clinical trials, issues andchallenges

CONSORT criteria, 415contaminants, 407dosage issues, 408–409patient recruitment issues, 414product-related, 405–411quality control in

manufacturing, 407study design-related, 411–415toxicity, 407–408

hormonal effect of, 408pharmacokinetic studies, 410to treat precancerous lesions, 413

Herb–drug interactions, 410, 423–424cancer cell targets levels and

angiogenesis regulators, 458antiestrogens activity, 458apoptotic pathway, 458and drug transporters, 458–459membrane receptor-mediated

signalling, 458phosphatases, 458prophytotopestrogenic/

antiestrogenicactivity, 458

proteasomes, 458synergistic/additive effects, 458tamoxifen and letrozole

activity, 458transcriptional regulators, 458

herbal products use by cancerpatients, 426–450

pharmacology involving

concentration–responserelationship, 451

CYP enzymes, 451–457deviations, 451mechanisms of, 452monooxygenases, 453multiple dosing intervals, 451pharmacokinetic and

pharmacodynamicmonitoring, 451

Herbs as medicineBai Shao, 150, 246Bai Shao Yao, 352–353Bai Zhu, 150, 246Bai Zi, 290Ban Lan Gen, 282Bing Pian, 214Bin Lang, 151Bu Gu Zhi, 289Cheng Qi Tang, 151Chen Pi, 289Che Qian Zi, 151, 246, 255Chi Shao, 152Chuangshanjia, 165Chuan Lian Zi, 290Chuan Shan Jia, 255Chuan Wu, 214Chuan Xiong, 214, 290Chuan Xu Duan, 289, 291Da Huang, 151–152, 255Dang Gui, 255, 283, 290Dan Shen, 283Dong Gua Zi, 152Du Huo, 165, 290Du Zhong, 353E Jiao, 283E Zhu, 246, 255Fang Feng, 290Fo Shou, 289Fu Ling, 151, 246Fu Zi, 151, 246, 289–290Gan Cao, 151, 214Gan Cao Shao, 255Gan Sui, 246Gao ben, 290Ge Gen, 290

704 Subject Index

Gou Ji, 289Gou Qi Zi, 290Gua Lou, 290Gui Yuan Rou, 283Gui Zhi, 150, 246, 290Gu Sui Bu, 289Haifengteng, 165Hong Hua, 152, 255Hong Zao, 283Huang Bai, 151Huang Jing, 283Huang Lian, 282Jiang Huang, 290Jiao San Xian, 289Ji Xue Teng, 283Lian Qiao, 282Liu Yi San, 255Lu Dou Yi, 353Luoshiteng, 165Ma douling, 166Ma Huang, 214Mang Xiao, 151, 255Ma Qian Zi, 291Mo yao, 290Mu Dan Pi, 152Mugua, 165Niu Qi, 255Niu Xi, 291Nu Zhen Zi, 353Pu Gong Ying, 282Qeilingxian, 165Qiang Huo, 290Qing Pi, 214Qinjiao, 165Qin Jiao, 290Rou Cong Rong, 289Rou Gui, 255, 289Ruxiang, 290Sang Zhi, 290San Leng, 255San Qi, 289–290San Qi Fen, 283Sanzhi, 165Shan Dou Gen, 282Shan Zhu Yu, 353Shao Yao, 151

Sha Shen, 283She Gan, 282Sheng Di, 282–283Sheng Di Huang, 255, 352Sheng Huang Qi, 282–283Tan Xiang, 290Tao Ren, 152, 255Tu Si Zi, 289Wang Bu Liu Xing, 290Wei Ling Xian, 290Wu Gong, 289Wu Shao She, 289Xiang Fu, 290Xi Xin, 214, 290Xi Yang Shen, 283XuchangQIn, 165Yin Hua, 282Yin Yang Huo, 289Yuan Shen, 282Yu Jin, 290Ze Xie, 151Zhang Nao, 214Zhe Xie, 246Zhi Qiao, 151, 290Zhi Shi, 151Zhu Ling, 151, 246, 255Zi He Che, 283

Herceptin, see TrastuzumabHexahydrocurcumin, 58Histone deacetylases

(HDAC), 660–661homology model of, 662inhibitors, 7study in, 662

Hong Hua formulation forpain, 199

Hong Tong plant camptothecin, 174Hormone-refractory prostate cancer

(HRPC), 671–672HRPC, see Hormone-refractory

prostate cancer (HRPC)Huangbo for lower-jiao heat, 165Huanglian for gastrointestinal

heat, 165HuangQin, 165

for upper-jiao lung heat, 164–165

Subject Index 705

Human umbilical vein epithelial cells(HUVEC), 42

Hu Yin Jin Qu Tang formulation, 199Hycamtin1, see TopotecanHydroxyflutamide, 676Hypnosis, 378

IIALT, see International Adjuvant

Lung Cancer TrialCollaboratory Group(IALT)

Ifosfamide, DNA poisons, 6Imatinib, 411Immumod1, 46, 48Immunopurification coupled to mass

spectrometry (IP-HTMS),652

isolated proteins, 654peptide mixtures, 654

IndiaAyurveda

herbs and natural products, 32Indian ginseng, 38plants and, 33

history of cancer in CAMAgastya Nadi, 34Arbuda, 34Ashwagandharishta, 33Atharva Veda, 34ayurvedic taxonomy, 34Bhrigu-Samhita, 32doshas and dhatus, 34granthi and gulma, 34Heerak Bhasma, 33sushruta, 34Vasant Kusumkar Rasa, 33Withania somnifera, 33Yogarajguggulu, 33

medicinal plantsguggulu, 32

reverse pharmacology, 32See also Ayurvedic medicine

Indigenous Peoples Rights Act(1997), 539

InspireHeath

cultural valuesauthenticity and integrity, 507open communication, 507personal growth, 508–509self-responsibility, 506–507teamwork, 507

Intellectual property, 529International Adjuvant Lung Cancer

Trial Collaboratory Group(IALT)

trials, 10–11International Union Against Cancer

tumor/node/metastasis schema, 5International Union for Protection of

New Varieties of Plants(UPOV), 537

Invention patents, 531claims, 532–533PCT applications and process,

533–535provisional patent applications, 535See also Patents

Investigational New Drug (IND),406–407

Iressa, see GefitinibIrinotecan, 6–7, 411

See also Topoisomeraseinhibitors, DNApoisons

Irinotecan/CPT-11, 424–425

JJapanese Patent Office (JPO), 530Jaundice

formulationChuan Shan Jia, 200Huo Xue Tong Luo Tang, 200Hu Yin Jin Qu Tang, 199Hu Zhang, 200Jin Qian Cao, 200Shan Zha, 200Shen Qu, 200Yin Chen, 200Zao Jiao Ci, 200

Jeediflavanone, 50Jian and Jie, 165

706 Subject Index

JiaoGan (AH6a) acupoints, 199Jing Ling Zi formulations, 247Jin KeHuai Er Chong Ji formulation,

202Jojoba oil, 386Ju He formulation, 218

KKidney cancer

acupunctureacupoint injection, 307assistant points, 306auricular acupoints, 306–307chief points, 306lumbago, 307

case studies, 309–317chemotherapy and integration of

TCM with, 282clears heat and detoxifies

body, 282nourishes Qi and blood,

282–283nourish liver and kidney,

284–285strengthens spleen and

harmonizesstomach, 283–284

external TCM medicineAi Tong San, 308

incidence of, 271integration of TCM with surgery

Bao Yuan Tang, 280Ba Zhen Tang, 280benefiting Qi and removing

toxin, 281Liu Wei Di Huang Tang, 280metastasis risk, 280Qi and consolidating exterior,

281Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, 280Si Jun Zi Tang, 280spleen and stomach function

regulating, 281Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang

formulation, 281massage, 307–308

nourishing and nursing, diet andafter surgery, 309during chemotherapy, 309for patients with advanced

kidney cancer, 309during radiotherapy, 309before surgery, 308

radiotherapy and TCM, 285syndrome differentiation and

TCM therapeuticapproaches

accumulation and binding ofdampness-heat,275–276

deficiency of liver and kidneyYin, 275

dual deficiency of Qi andblood, 278–279

dual deficiency of spleen andkidney, 273–274

hyperactivity of heart fire,277–278

internal obstruction of bloodstasis, 276–277

linger of evil-toxin after cancerbeing attacked,279–280

syndrome differentiation andtreatment

anemia, 294–295chronic renal failure, 291–292dual deficiency of kidney Yin

and Yang, 286–287,297–298

fever, 299–303kidney deficiency and blood

stasis, 298liver and kidney Yin

deficiency, 296–297Qi and blood deficiency,

287–288Qi and blood stasis, 288–291Qi and Yin deficiency, 292–293spleen and kidney Yang

deficiency, 292,295–296

Subject Index 707

Kidney cancer (cont.)Yin and Yang dual deficiency,

293–294TCM formulation

Bai Hua She She Cao, 304Bai Mao Gen, 304Ban Bian Lian, 303–304Ban Zhi Lian, 304Ba Yue Zha, 305Chi Fu Ling, 304Chi Xiao Dou, 304Da Ji, 304–305Dao Dou, 304Fu Fang Long She Yang Quan

Tang, 304Hai Jin Sha, 304Hei Dou, 303–304Huai Hua Tan, 304Huai Jiao, 303Huang Bai, 304Huang Yao Zi, 304Jin Qian Cao, 303–304, 306Ma Bian Cao, 303Pu Huang Tan, 304Qing Teng, 305Qu Mai, 303, 306Sheng Di, 304Sheng Di Tan, 305Sheng Yi Yi Ren, 303–304Shi Shang Bai, 305Shi Wei, 303Xia Ku Cao, 305Xiao Ji, 304–305Xue Jian Chou, 304–305Ye Pu Tao Gen, 304Yi Yi Ren, 304–305Zhu Ling, 304–305

TCM pathogenesisdeficient and excessive

syndromes, 272–273emaciation and anorexia, 273emotional disorder, 272hematuria, 273improper diet, 272Qi stagnation and blood

stasis, 272

senility and weak bodyconstitution, 272

spleen and liver, 272spleen dysfunction, 272Yin and Yang deficiency, 272

treatment of complicationsbone metastasis, 285–286

LLACE, see Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin

Evaluation (LACE)LBD, see Ligand-binding domain

(LBD)Lectin-standardized mistletoe extract,

375Legal issues, cancer treatment in, 514

access to information, 515–516alternative treatments, use of, 524ascertain risks associated

with, 522category of interest, 515claims

for damages, 519for malpractice, 519, 523for negligence, 519–520, 523

contacted for information, 516cross-border considerations, 519dealing with use of diagnostic

tools, 522–523dissemination of information, 516evolution of science and health

care, 525glass jaw principle, 518–519health care practitioner, to meet

standards, 526informed consent, 521

with full disclosure, 518and insurance company, 524, 527intentional torts, 519–520intervention of homeopathic

remedies, 523issue of confidentiality, 516knowledge of health care, 521media reporting on, 527nonlife-threatening interaction,

518

708 Subject Index

patient and practitioner,relationship of, 515–516,518, 526

proprietary rights, 514questions, 515Reibl vs. Hughes, 521standard of proof, 517statutorily requirement, 521third party pay, 516, 524, 527

Leucovorin, 7Levocarnitine supplement, 375–376Lewis lung carcinoma, 52Lian Ling Ting Li Tang formulation,

200–201Ling gui shu gan decoction, 166Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), 619Liver cancer, 153

concurrent syndromeswith advanced cancer,

treatment of, 175–176ascitis, 161bleeding, 160–161cancerous fever, 162coma, 161–162hypertrophic osteoarthropathy,

162jaundice, 161multiple neuropathy, 162paraneoplastic syndrome, 162thyropathy, 162

medicines used foraddie injection, 173–174arsenious acid injection, 173Baishao, 172Banmao, 172Banzhilian, 172Bayuezha, 172Chuipengcao, 172Dahuang Zhechong pill,

172–173dry Chanpi, 172HCPT, 174huachansu injection, 174HuangQI, 172Huzhang, 172kanglaite, 174

Lianhua tablet, 173Qinggan Xiaotong Pill, 173QIyeyizhihua, 172Sancigu, 172Wugong, 172Xiaoyu Yigan tablet, 173Xuejie, 172

pathogenesis from TCMperspective

blood stasis, 155–156body accumulation of toxin-

heat, 156–157deficiency of vital QI, 157evil factors and healthy energy

in cancer, 157–158phlegm-damp agglomeration,

156QI stagnation, 154–155Yin and Yang concept, 154

TCM-based diagnosis ofbased on signs, 159deficiency syndrome, 160emaciation, 160inflammatory type, 158pain types, 159poor appetite, 159sclerosis type, 158simple type, 158

TCM therapeutics principlesacupuncture treatment,

178–179and/or chemotherapy, 163dietary therapy, 181–182external therapeutic methods,

177–178interventions, 164–166management, 163–164Qigong therapy, 179–180

TCM treatmentsdeficiency of liver and kidney

Yin, 171–172liver heat and blood stasis, 170liver heat and phlegm toxins,

170–171liver stagnancy and kidney

deficiency, 169–170

Subject Index 709

Liver cancer (cont.)QI stagnation and blood stasis,

166–167spleen deficiency and phlegm

stagnancy, 168–169spleen deficiency and QI

stagnation, 167–168Liver toxicity, 408Lobectomy, 8

See also Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)

Longdan Xiegan decoction, 175LTA, see Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation

(LACE), 10Lung cancer

in China, 5current therapy for, 7–8

algorithm, 13combination treatment, 16planning, 11strategy, 12therapeutic plateau, 14treatment paradigm for, 9trials, 10, 15

in developed world, 5in developing countries, 5incidence, 5Lung Cancer Study Group clinical

trial, 8Lycopene, 409Lymphocytes, 383

MMarine bioactive

alkaloids, 614, 619, 621adriamycin, 622with antitumor activity in

clinical trial, 615biological activity, 615b-carbolines, 616ecteinascidin 621, 743a-galactosylceramide, 619grossularine, 615–616KRN-7000, 619lamellarins, 617–618

LTA, 619MDR, 619ningalin B hexamethyl, 617, 619permethyl storniamide A, 619plakortamines, 616–617Plakortis nigra, 616psammapin A, 619, 621spisula polynyma, 619spisulosine, 619, 621storniamide A, 619–620and trichostatin A, 619, 621

peptidesBEL-7404 human hepatoma

cell line, 630didemnin B, 626–627hemiasterlin, 628–629phakellistatin, 630–631porifera cyclic octapeptides,

630–631scleritodermin A, 628tasipeptins A and B, 626–628treatment with HTI-286,

629–630steroids

agosterol A, 623cephalostatin 1, 624Certonardoa semiregularis, 623dimeric marine-derived,

623–624P-glycoprotein 170, 623plant-derived, 623ritterazine A, 625squalamine, 625–626sterol, 622

Massage therapy, 382–383MCA-induced fibrosarcoma, 42MDR, see Multidrug-resistant

(MDR)Medicinal plants for cancer

therapy, 558active molecules, isolation of,

561–562alkaloids molecular modes of

actionABC-transports, 569–570apoptosome, 568

710 Subject Index

Bcl-2 gene, 569Catharanthus roseus, 568Colchicum, 568CYPs, 569cytotoxic interactions of,

564–566detoxifying enzymes and

proteins, 569DNA, 563, 566–567FADD, 568Huperziaserrata, 569microtubules, 568paclitaxel, 568P-glycoprotein, inhibition, 570ROS, 569Taxus brevifolia, 568telomerase, 567

herbal medicine, 559isolated natural products, use, 562natural products, 560, 562pharmacogenomics

ABC-transporter, 575COMPARE analyses, 571, 573drug efflux/ detoxification

mechanisms, 570and hierarchical cluster

analyses, 571, 574microarray analyses, 575mRNAexpression data for, 573NCI, 571, 573Spearman’s rank correlation

test, 571steric complexity, 561Vinca alkaloids, 560

Melanoma, 4126-Mercaptopurine, chemotherapeutic

drugs, 52Metastatic NSCLC, 7Methotrexate, chemotherapeutic

drugs, 52Metoclopramide, 413Mind–Body Medicine, 377–378Mindfulness-based stress reduction

(MBSR) program, 378Mitochondria-mediated cytochrome

C, 42

Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAP kinase), 597

Mitomycin-C, chemotherapeuticdrugs, 52

Modern cancer therapy, 5modern medicine, 559paradigm of

staging system, 5tumor/node/metastasis

schema, 5ModifiedDaHuangMuDanTang, 152Modified Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang

formulation, 289Mo Yao formulation, 218Multidrug-resistant (MDR)

cancer cell lines, 619Multimodality therapy, 12Multiple myeloma, 7Mutated androgen receptors

mining natural productsantiandrogen compounds, 679,

681AR antagonists, 681compound 13, binding mode,

684–685Cryptomeria japonica, 680curcumin and b-ionone,

design, 683DHT, 680diterpenes 1–3, 679human epidemiological and

animal studies, 682indole-3-carbinol, 680luciferase reporter assays, 683molecular modeling and

structure-based drugdesign, 680

Piper cubeba L. seeds, 680structural models of AR LBD,

681–682troplone-related compound, 680

NNallaflavanone, 50National Biodiversity Authority

(NBA), 538

Subject Index 711

National Cancer Institute (NCI), 571National Center for Complementary

and Alternative Medicine(NCCAM), 374

Natural killer cells, 383Nausea, 383Neiguan (PC6) acupoints, 150Nei Guan (PC6) acupoints, 247Nonpharmacological management, 381Non-physical healing environment

practioner/patient interactions, 505staff interactions, 506

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)cisplatin-containing combination

doublets for, 7treatment paradigm for, 9treatment strategy for

algorithm, 13anatomic segmentectomy, 8antiangiogenesis therapy, 15bevacizumab with carboplatin

+ paclitaxel, 15–16CALGB 9633 clinical trial, 10carboplatin/paclitaxel

adjuvantchemotherapy, 10

chemoradiotherapy, 13chemotherapeutic drug,

timeline of, 17clinical and pathologic TNM

stages, 8cytotoxic standard

chemotherapy, 15DNA repair ERCC1, 11EGFR-TKI + chemotherapy

studies, 14EGFR-TKI gefitinib, 14–15lobectomy, 8Lung Cancer Study Group

clinical trial, 8meta-analysis, 10multimodality therapy, 12platinum-based doublets

palliativechemotherapy, 14

pneumonectomy, 8, 12–13

PORT trials, 12p53 protein expression and, 11SEER database, 12stages and planning, 11–13surgical results, 10survivals for, 8therapeutic plateau, 14thoracic lymphadenectomy, 8thoracic radiotherapy, 10, 12trials, 10trimodality therapy, 13UFT use, 10–11

Noval protein-protein interactions,identification

BRET and FRET, 654IP-HTMS, 652

peptide mixtures, 654in yeast and human, mapping, 655

NSCLC, see Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)binding to DNA, 42

Nutritive Qi, 26

OOncovin1, see VincristineOuch point, 150, 247Ovarian cancer

history from TCM perspectiveJing Yue Quan Shu, 224Qi reverse and blood retained,

224Zhu Bing Yuan Hou

Lun, 224incidence of, 223syndrome differentiations and

treatmentdampness-heat and toxin

stagnation, 227–228dual deficiency of Qi and

blood, 233–234phlegm-dampness

accumulation andcoagulation, 229–230

Qi stagnation and blood stasis,226–227

712 Subject Index

spleen with Qi deficiency,232–233

Yin deficiency and internalheat, 230–231

Yin deficiency of liver andkidney, 231–232

TCM-based etiology andpathogenesis

improper diet, 225internal injury by seven irregular

emotions, 225Qi stagnation and blood

stasis, 225TCM formulations

Ban Zhi Hua She Tang, 238Chuan Shan Jia San, 234–235Chuan Xin Lian injectable,

241–242Ding Xiang A Wei San, 239Fu Zheng Jie Du San Jie Yin,

238–239Hua Liu Wan, 240Ji Sheng Da Huang Tang,

236–237Qing Rei Xiao Liu Jian,

239–240San Ren Tang, 241Shi Shang Bai injectable, 241Shuang Shi Tang, 236TaoHong SiWu Tang JiaWei,

237–238Tian Hua Feng desiccant, 242Wu Mei Xiao Xia

San, 235TCM treatment and integrative

conventional, 242Ce Bai Ye, 245Chen Pi, 245dual deficiency of Qi and Yin,

244Fu Ling, 245Huai Hua Tan, 245Jiang Ban Xia, 245Lu Gen, 245Mai Men Dong, 245Qi deficiency, 243–244

radiotherapy andchemotherapy, 245

therapeutic effect, 243Yin-deficiency, 244Yi Yi Ren, 245Zhi Qiao, 245Zhu Ling, 245Zhu Ru, 245

treatment of complicationsabdominal pain, 247malignant ascites, 246

Oxaloplatin, DNA poisons, 6Oxidative stress damage, 377

PPaclitaxel, 6, 404, 425

induced neutropenia, 43Panax ginseng, 411Pancreatic cancer, 7

clinical manifestations anddiagnosis in TCM

abdominal CT scans, 191abdominal pains and swelling,

189blood tests, 191–192CEA levels, 192Courvoisier’s sign, 190diarrhea and constipation, 189epigastric discomfort, 189ERCP, 191fatigue and poor appetite, 189fever, 189lumps, 189–190nausea and vomiting, 189seroenzyme tests, 192urine BT-PABA tests, 192waist and back pain, 189weight loss and jaundice,

189–190etiopathogenesis from TCM

perspective, 187–189syndrome differentiation and

treatment in TCMBai Hua She She Cao, 196Bai Mao Teng, 198Bai Xu Cai, 195

Subject Index 713

Pancreatic cancer (cont.)Bai Zhu, 193Ban Bian Lian, 196Ban Xia, 193Ban Zhi Lian, 193Ba Yue Zha, 195Chao Gu Ya, 194, 197Chen Pi, 193Che Qian Zi, 197Chuan Jian Zi, 193Chuan Lian Zi, 195–196Chuansanjia, 198Chuan Shan Jia, 195Da Fu Pi, 194Da Huang, 193–194Danshen and Eshu, 196E Zhu, 193Fu Ling, 193, 198Fu Zi, 197Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang, 195Gua Lou, 194, 196Huang Jing, 193, 196Huang Qi, 194Hu Zhang, 193–194Ji Nei Jin, 194, 196–197Jin Yin Hua, 196Ji Xue Teng, 198modified Ge Xia Zhu Yu

Tang, 194modified Wu Ling San, 197modified Yi Guan Jian,

195–196modified Yin Chen Hao Tang

formulation,192–193

Mu Xiang, 193–194, 198Pu Huang, 194Qian Niu Zi, 197Qian Shi, 197Qi deficiency and dampness

stagnation, 196Qi stagnation and blood stasis,

193–195Ren Shen, 197San Leng, 194Shen Qu, 193

Shi Jian Chuan, 198Shu Da Huang, 193Shu Di Huang, 197Tai Zi Shen, 196Teng Li Geng, 195Wu Ling Zhi, 194Wu Yao, 195, 198Xian He Cao, 194Yi Guan Jian, 196Yin and Yang deficiencies, 197Yin Chen, 193–194Yin deficiency and toxic

heat, 195Yi Yi Ren, 193, 198Yuan Hu, 193, 195Yu Jin, 193Ze Xie, 198Zexie and Mabiancao, 196Zhe Bei, 195Zhi Gan Cao, 198Zhi Mu, 196Zhi Zi, 193Zhu Ling, 193, 198Zi He Che, 197Zu Ru, 193

TCM formulationsBie Jia Jian Wan, 201–202Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan,

201TCM treatment

historical description, 187knowledge of, 186

TCM treatment complicationsascitis, 200–201jaundice, 199–200pain, 198–199

worldwide incidence of, 185Patents

challengesinterferences (United States),

546–547oppositions/nullity actions, 547re-examinations and reissue,

547–548infringement

Canada, 549–550

714 Subject Index

Europe, 549United States, 548

offices, 530requirements, 539

inventive step/nonobviousness,543–545

novelty, 541–543support in specification and,

545–546types of

plant patent, 535–536sui generis system, 536–539utility/invention, 531–535

Patient–physician relationship, 497environment, 503generalizations, 501–502healing and, 498

paradoxical nature of, 501responsibility for, 499–500supporting environment, 509

healthcare provider responsibility,499

InspireHealth, 504lifestyle recommendations, 502non-physical environment

practioner/patientinteractions, 505

staff interactions, 506physical environment, 505religious teaching

love, compassion andempathy, 498

sympathy and empathy, 500–501Peptides

didemnin B, 626structures of, 627

hemiasterlin, 628structures of, 629

phakellistatin, 630structures of, 631

porifera cyclic octapeptides,630–631

scleritodermin A, 628tasipeptins A and B, 626, 628

structures of, 627

Permethyl storniamideA peptides, 619Phakellistatin peptides, 630

structures of, 631Pharmacovigilance and herbal

productsADR reporting systems, 459African potato, 470benefit and risk associated, 460BPH symptoms, 471–472database, 460dietary nutrients, 475–476Drug Monitoring Program of

WHO, 459Echinacea, sunflower plant

family, 467–468garlic use, 466–467Ginkgo biloba use, 464–466ginseng, 468–469indications, 459manufacturing, 460medicinal herbs susceptible with

drug pharmacology,472–475

nomenclature worldwide, 459Pygeum, 470Saw palmetto, 470stinging nettle, 470St John’s wort, 462–464

a-Phellndrene, 58Phlegm-damp, 156Physical healing environment, 505Pi (CO13) acupoints, 199Piper fatigue scale, 381Piper methysticum

extractanxiolytic and sedative, 473kavalactones, 473

Pishu (BL 20) acupoints, 130Plant Breeder’s Rights for plant

varieties, 536Plant patents, 535–536Plant Variety Protection Act

(PVPA), 536Platinum-based doublets palliative

chemotherapy, 14Pneumonectomy, 8

Subject Index 715

See also Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)

Pneumonia, 215–216Polarity therapy, 384Polyphenon1, 404Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT)

trials, 12p53 protein expression andNSCLC, 11Premetrexate, 6

See also Antimetabolites, DNApoisons

Probiotics, 408Profile of mood states, 377–378,

381, 383Proprietary rights, 514Prostate cancer, 672

androgen ablation, 673etiology and pathogenesis

excessive emotion andstress, 250

phlegm dampness, 250Qi stagnation, 250water and body fluid retention,

250weak constitution, 250Yang Qi, 250

incidence of, 249syndrome differentiation and

treatment, 250dampness heat accumulation,

251–252internal binding of blood

stasis, 252–253kidney Qi deficiency, 253–255

TCM formulations, 267–269Bu Yuan Tiao He Tang,

258–261Jie Re Tong Lin Fang, 257Liu Wei Di Huang Tang,

262–263Long She Piao Xiao Tang, 264Qing Re Tong Lin Fang, 258Shen Qi Xian Rong Tang,

261–262Tu Fu Ling, 265–266

Zhi Qian Lian Xian Ai Fang,264–265

Zhi Tong Fang, 263–264Zhong Jie Fen Cha, 265

treatment of complicationsacupoints stimulation, 256low urinary tract obstruction,

255Prostate-specific antigen (PSA),

672, 677HRPC, 673nonsteroidal antiandrogens used

in, 673Proteasome inhibitor, 7Protein-bound polysaccharide extract

(PSK), 412Protein-protein interactions in

bioactive natural products, 653DOS, case for, 660FAK, 647–652and GRAF, 647HDAC, 660–661

homology model of, 662study in, 662

human diseases, 647identification of, 652–655new technologies for screening,

655–660CDK2, 659–660fragment-based lead discovery,

657functional protein

microarrays,655–656

NMR spectroscopy, 657, 659protein–ligand

crystallography, 659small-molecule microarrays,

656–658X-ray crystallography,

659–660protein kinase C (PKC), 648and role of naturally derived

molecules, 652trichostatin-A (TSA), 661

716 Subject Index

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP-1B), 659

PSA, see Prostate-specific antigen(PSA)

Pu Gong Ying formulation, 219–220

QQCAR, see Quantitative-

composition-activityrelationship (QCAR)

Qigong therapy, 179–180Qi Gui Shan Jia Tang formulation,

213–214Qing Pi formulation, 221Qingre Dihuang decoction, 175Qi Ye Yi Zhi Hua formulation for

pain, 198Quantitative-composition-activity

relationship (QCAR),677–678

RRadiation therapy, 6Randomized controlled trial (RCT),

406Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 569Recognition of Forest Rights

(2006), 538Referred pain, 159Reflexology, 386Reiki treatments, 384Relaxation, 383

and breathing exercise, 379therapy, 381

Renshen Biejia decoction, 176Restorative yoga (RY), 380Ritterazine A steroids structure, 625ROS, see Reactive oxygen species

(ROS)Ru Xiang formulation, 218Ruyi Jinhuang powder, 177

SSalvia miltiorrhiza

extractfor cardiovascular diseases, 474

San Jiao (CO17) acupoints, 199San ren decoction, 166San Yin Jiao (SP6) acupoints, 150,

199, 247, 256Saw palmetto, 470SCLC, see Small cell lung cancer

(SCLC)Scleritodermin A peptides, 628Scorching pain, 159Semecarpus anacardium L.

aflatoxin B1-inducedhepatocellularcarcinoma for, 52

Amura recemosa with, 53ayurvedic properties

Adhman, 49Arsha, 49Grahani, 49karmas with, 49Krumi, 49laghu, snigdha, tikshna and

ushna gunas, 49madhur and kashaya ras, 49madhur vipak, 49for rheumatic diseases and

anticancer activity, 49Snitra, 49ushna veerya, 49Vardhaman Prayog, 49Vran, 49

Bhallatak, 48–49biological activity, 50B-16 melanoma and glioma, 52clinical studies

Anacardin Forte, 53anticancer remedies, 53Vad’s findings, 54–55

cytotoxic effects in human tumourcell lines, 52

formulationsamrit bhallatk avaleha, 50bhallatak ghrutam, 50bhallatak gud, 50bhallatak haritaki, 50bhallatak lepa, 50bhallatak Parpati, 50

Subject Index 717

Semecarpus anacardium L. (cont.)bhallataksav, 50bhallatak tailam, 50narsimha choorna, 50sanjeevani vati, 50shodhan, 50suranvatak, 50

fruit kernel use, 49Glycyrzhiza gabra with, 53Godambi, 49inhibitory activity cyclo-

oxygenases, 53phytochemistry

oil, 50phenolic compounds, 50phyto-constituents of, 51

P-388 lymphocytic leukemia for, 52recommendations and caution

anticancer properties, 56potency and utility of

medicine, 57Sidha medicine, 52toxicity studies

adverse alterations, 56extract administration, 56Tween 80, 56

Semicarpusflavanone, 50Semicatepetin, 50Sesquiterpenes, 58Sheng Chuan Wu formulation for

pain, 198Shen Ji San formulation, 214ShenMen (TF4) acupoints, 199Shen Qi Wan formulation, 286Shen Que (CV 8) acupoints, 130Shihui pulvis, 175Shi pi decoction, 166Silybum marianum

extract for liver damage, 474Sleep

hygiene, 381promotion plan, 381restriction, 381

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)cisplatinum-based combination

chemotherapy, 8

median survival of, 8randomized clinical trials, 8stage I, 8survival rate, 8treatment for

cisplatin/etoposide, 7–8prophylactic cranial radiation, 8

Spider telangiectasia, 160Spisulosine, 619

structures of, 621Squalamine steroids, 626

structures of, 625Steroids

agosterol A, 623structure of, 623

cephalostatin 1, 624P-glycoprotein 170, 623plant-derived, 623ritterazine A, 625

structure of, 625squalamine, 626

structures of, 625sterol, 622

St. John’s wort (SJW), 410–411, 460adverse effects on drug

pharmacology, 463extracts contents

anti-HIV agents, 463anti-inflammatory agents, 463antimicrobial agents, 463cardiovascular drugs, 463central nervous system

agents, 463essential oils, 462flavonoids, 462hypoglycaemic agents, 463immunomodulating agents, 463as inhibitors of CYP enzymes,

462naphtodianthrones, 462oral contraceptives, 463phenolic acids, 462phloroglucinols, 462proton pump inhibitors, 463respiratory system agents, 463statins, 463

718 Subject Index

induction of P-gp drug, 463irinotecan and, 464as oil and tablets, 462as powder and tea infusion, 462taxol and etoposide, 464

Stomach cancercase studies, 203–204dual deficiency of spleen and

kidney, 108etiology and pathogenesis

Qi deficiency, 106stagnated Qi, 107

Fuyang pulse, 106inadequate diet, 107irregular emotion, 108role of acupuncture therapy in

treatment of gastriccancer, 129–130

stress, 108syndrome differentiation and

treatment, 108deficient-type cold in spleen and

stomach, 114–115dual deficiency of Qi and

blood, 116–117entwinement and obstruction

of phlegm and Qi,111–112

liver and stomach, disharmonyof, 109

Qi stagnation and blood stasis,110–111

spleen and stomach Qideficiency, 112–113

stomachYin deficiency, 113–114TCM recipes for

BanXiaXieXin Tang combinedwith Si Jun Zi Tang,124–125

Chai Hu Shu Gan Tangcombined with XiShu Jian, 118

Fu Fang San Si He Ji, 128–129FuZheng JianDu Fang, 125–126Hua Liao Zeng Min Fang,

126–127

Kang Ai Ling, 124Liu Jun Yi Yi Ren Tang,

119–120modified Zhi Pu Liu Jun Zi

Tang, 120–121prognosis, 130–131Sheng Xue Fang, 127–128Sheng Xue Tang Plus and

Minus, 117Tong You Tang, 122–123Yi Qi Fang Du Tang, 121–122Yi Qi Jian Pi Tang, 123–124Yi Qi Zhi E Tang, 125Zhi Wei Ai Fang, 118–119

treatment of complicationsascites, 132dumping syndrome, 132–133gastric outlet obstruction, 132hemorrhage, 131

Stomatitis, 217–218Storniamide A, 619

structures of, 620Stranguria, 319Structure–activity relationships

(SAR), 657, 659Sui generis system for protection, 536

Brazil, 537–538India, 538Peru, 538Philippines, 539

Superior sulcus tumor, 13Sushruta-Samhita, 34

TT2 Adenocarcinoma, UFT use and,

10–11Tai Chong (LR3) acupoints, 129, 199Tao Hong Si Wu Tang formulations,

247Tarceva

for metastatic NSCLC andpancreatic cancer, 7

Tasipeptins A and B peptides,626, 628

structures of, 627Taxol1, see Paclitaxel

Subject Index 719

TCM, see Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)

Teniposide, 425Tetrahydrocurcumin, 58Therapeutic implications

AR pan-antagonists, 686CML, treatment of, 685EGFR kinase inhibitors, 686

Therapeutic massage, 383Thoracic lymphadenectomy, 8

See also Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)

Three-Step Analgesic LadderTherapy, 247

Tianluo extract, 177Tian QI ejiao syrup, 175Tibetan yoga, 380Tinospora glabra

anticancer activity of, 47arabinogalactoses, 45biological activity

antidiabetic, 46anti-inflammatory, 47antimicrobial, 47antioxident, 46antipyretic, 47antistress, 47cognition and memory

enhancing, 47diuretic, 47hepatoprotective, 47immunomodulator, 47

choline and tinosporic acid, 45cytotoxic effects against HeLa

cells, 47formulations

fresh juice and paste, 45Ghana and sattwa, 45ghrita and taila, 45kwath and arishta, 45powder, 45

formulations offor leucopenia, 48samshamanivati, 48

furano diterpenescolumbin, 45

cordiofolioside A and B, 45glucoside–tinocordiofoliside, 45phenylpropene disaccharides,

45sesquiterpene, 45tinosporaside, 45

giloin and tinosporal, 45isolated alkaloids

berberine, 45isocolumbine, 45jatrorhizine, 45palmatine, 45temletarine, 45tinosporin, 44–45

medicinal plants in India, 44multi-ingredient formulations

Abhayadi kwath, 46Amrita-Bhallataka, 45Chandraprabhavati, 46Kaishor Guggulu, 45Rasnadi kwath, 46Samshamani vati, 45

phytochemistry of, 44safety studies

antiangiogenic activity, 48aqueous extract effect, 48metastatic ovarian cancer

treatment, 47tealike extract, 47

sterols and lactones, 45Tinospora cordifolia (Wild)

Miers, 45phytoconstituents of, 46

Topoisomerase inhibitors, DNApoisons, 6

Topotecan, 6, 404, 424See also Topoisomerase

inhibitors, DNApoisons

Toxicity, 407with black cohosh, 408

Trade-Related Aspects of IntellectualProperty Rights (TRIPS),537

Traditional and Alternative MedicineAct (1997), 539

720 Subject Index

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),25, 377, 385, 405, 678

ChinaAdministration Bureau of, 27criteria for diagnosis and

treatment, 27formulations for, 27holism theory, 26theories

blood and body fluid, 26essence and Qi, 26five elements, 26meridians and collaterals, 26viscera (Zang and Fu), 26Yin and Yang balance, 26

Traditional knowledge (TKDL), 538Trametes Versicolor, 412Transactivation function-1 (AF-1), 673Trastuzumab

for HER-2.neu+ breast cancer, 7Trichostatin-A (TSA), 661Trimodality therapy, 13Tripterygium wilfordii, 412Tumor

benign and malignant types, 34staging

and TNM classification, 5Tumour necrosis factor-alpha

(TNF-a), 42Turmerone

ar-turmerone, 58a and b, 58

Tween 80, 56

UUDP-glucuronosyltransferase

(UGT), 591Ukonans A, B, C and D, 58United States Patent and Trademark

Office (USPTO), 530Uracil-Tegafur (UFT) oral drug

combination, 10–11UV(B)-induced skin carcinoma, 42–43

VVaccinium myrtillus L.

diabetic retinopathy for, 473

inflammation of respiratory tractfor, 473

for treatment of chronic fatiguesyndrome, 473

Vague pain, 159Vascular endothelial growth factor

(VEGF), 42Velbe1, see VinblastineVelcade, see BortezomibVepesid1, see EtoposideVeregenTM, 404Vidarabine (Ara A) structure, 614Vinblastine, 425Vincristine, 6, 52, 425Vinorelbine, 6Viscera (Zang and Fu) theories, 26

See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)

Vitamin E, 377Vorinostat for cutaneous lymphoma, 7Vumon1, see Teniposide

WWang Bu Liu Xing Zi formulation,

221–222Warfarin, 411Web references, safety and drug

interactionsof herbal formulations, 461

Wei Shu (BL 21) acupoints, 129–130WHO Uppsala database of herbal

ADRs, 460Wisconsin ginseng, 377Withaferin-A (WA), 40–41

antitumor and radiosensitizingactivities, 42

inhibitor of TNF-a, 42Withania somnifera L.

antitumor and radiosensitizingactivities, 42

as anxiolytic, 43ayurvedic actions

balya, 39rasayana, 39shothhara, 39vishaghana, 39

Subject Index 721

Withania somnifera L. (cont.)vrishya, 39

ayurvedic properties ofGuna–Laghu, 39Kashaya, 39Madhur, 39Rasa, 39Snigdha, 39Tikta, 39Veerya–Ushna, 39Vipaka, 39

as cardioprotective, 43clinical and ayurvedic usage

analgesic property, 43nutritive properties, 43as radiosensitizing agent, 44used in India, 44use in tumours and goiter, 43

experimental studies, 40immunoprotection in cancer

chemotherapy, 43immunostimulant properties, 43integrative oncology, role in, 39medicinal plant, 38MEDLINE and EBSCO

databases, 39pharmacognosy of, 39phytochemistry of

chemical constituents, 40phytoconstituents, 41

powdered leaf extract, effect ofosteogenic sarcoma and breast

cancer, 42root powder/extracts

chemopreventive andradioprotectiveeffects, 42–43

increase in lifespan, 43reduction in tumour

metastases, 43

in treatment of cancer, 39–40in tumourous lymphadenopathy,

40Withanolides and withanosides, 40Wu Ling San formulations, 150, 246

XXia Ku Cao formulation, 219Xingnaojing, 176Xu Chang Qing formulation for

pain, 199

YYang toxin, 156–157Yin and Yang balance theories, 26

See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)

Yinchenhao decoction, 175Yinlingquan (SP9) acupoints, 256Yoga, 379

effect of, 380meditation and, 378Tibetan, 380weekly, 380

Yuan Hu formulation, 219Yu Jin formulation, 221

ZZao Jiao Ci formulation, 221Zhang Shi Yi Tong, 187ZhenWu Tang formulations, 150, 246Zhongji (CV3) acupoints, 256Zhong Wan (CV12), 129Zingiberene, 58Zi wu liu zhu principle, 178

See also Acupuncture treatmentZolinza, see Vorinostat for cutaneous

lymphomaZu San Li (ST36) acupoints, 129–130,

150, 247, 256

722 Subject Index