907

Subject Index

A

absorbable implants, see biodegradable implants

acetabulum 756, 762, 765, 766– acetabular rim cartilage 755– acetabular cartilage 755– triradiate cartilage 755– – fracture 758acromioclavicular joint 769, 771, 772acromion 769, 771– apophysis 562acute-on-chronic slip 776Aitken classification 22, 24, 276allograft transplantation 895angular– correction 871– deformity 16, 177, 303, 830,

849–851, 853, 860ankle– fracture, classification 390– stiffness 307– valgus deformity 349anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 653anterior tibial tubercle 339antiprostaglandin effect 136apophysis– avulsion 575– definition 11arm-length discrepancy 589, 851arthrodesis 183, 778– spontaneous 786arthrography 122, 827arthroplasty 183, 778arthroscopic– debridement 269– reduction 375atlas 798autograft transplantation 893autotransplantation 894avascular necrosis, see osteonecrosisaxis 798

B

bacteremia 162bar– central 843– excision 853, 880, 888– – distal femur 880

– – distal tibia 881– – final cavity 857– forme fruste 902– incomplete bar 902– peripheral 843, 855, 863– reexcision 876, 878– reformation 876– – with physeal distraction 886battered infant, see child abuseBennett’s fracture 401, 402Bergenfeldt classification 22, 23, 210biceps tendon 792– entrapment 553, 575biodegradeable implant 136biplane fracture 339Blount’s disease 811bone– age 15– bar 811, 815, 850, 851, 854– – formation 811– enchondral growth pattern 10– flat bone 9, 10– graft transplant 707– length 830– lengthening 850– scintigraphy 268– shortening 850– wax 858, 861bracket epiphysis 412Brashear classification 22, 24Buck’s traction 761, 762, 781bursae 745bursitis 685burst fracture 803, 804button hole effect 56

C

Caesarian delivery 581callus formation 581, 788, 820capitellum 422, 423, 437, 707– ossification 425,440,512– overgrowth 437, 469carpal– scaphoid fracture 235– tunnel syndrome 135, 162, 239, 263carpometacarpal joint 409carpo-ulnar impingement test 269cartilage cell transplant 896cartwheel injury 598

catcher’s knee 686cerebral palsy 802cervical– lordosis 802– spine 802cervicotrochanteric fracture 776child abuse 494, 553, 570, 571, 778chondrocyte 12, 17– allograft transplant 863chondrodiastasis 136, 820, 885, 887chondroepiphysis 775chondromalacia 269chondro-osseous fracture 275chronic talocrural instability 371chylectomy 720clavicle– fracture 97– lateral physeal fracture– medial physeal fractureclavicular duplication 772clipping injury 189, 599, 632closing wedge osteotomy 261, 637coaptation splint 559cold spot 180Colles’ fracture 237compartment syndrome 154, 262,

305, 685, 731compression fracture 803, 814computed tomography (CT) 124, 830,

834concealed epiphyseolysis 119, 288,

661condyle 422congenital pseudarthrosis 184continuous passive motion (CPM) 487coracoclavicular ligament 769, 772coxa– valga 774, 786– vara 774, 785, 786cranioplast 88, 326, 858, 861, 862,

869, 876crossed union 184crush injury 203, 756CT, see computed tomographycubitus– valgus 452, 470, 718– varus 180, 432, 452, 456, 497, 513cupping 812, 843cyclosporine 895cylinder cast 627

908 Subject Index

D

Darrach operation 262degenerative arthrosis 63, 134, 224,

330, 383, 407, 479, 634, 665, 686delay of enchondral ossification 902diaphysis 7, 8dip deformity 812, 843discoid deformity 812, 843discoid meniscus 749displacement 104disruption of the tibiofibular syn-

desmosis 347distal clavicular physeal

fracture 769–772distal femoral epiphysis 595distal femoral physeal

fracture 595–640– birth fractures 634– complete arrest 170, 630– degenerative arthrosis 634– heterotopic bone 634– nerve impairment 634– nonunion 634– premature partial arrest 627, 630– – bar excision 880– vascular impairment 634distal femur 880– gunshot fracture 79– type 6 fracture 78distal fibular epiphysis 389distal fibular physeal

fracture 389–397– classification 390– epidemiology 390– ischemic necrosis 396– premature physeal closure 396– tibiofibular synostosis 396distal humeral epiphysis 421distal humerus physeal

fracture 421–518, 745– birth fractures 434– complete arrest 169– cubitus valgus 459– degenerative arthrosis 479– delayed union 459– fishtail deformity 425, 471, 478, 513– fracture separation of an entire

epiphysis 509, 511– intercondylar fracture 488– ischemic necrosis 509– malunion 450, 466, 507– nonunion 171, 450, 459, 507– overgrowth 450– premature closure of the trochlear

physis 507– y-intracondylar fracture 518distal phalanx 202distal radial epiphysis 227distal radial physeal fracture 227–269– Aitken classification 233– carpal tunnel syndrome 263– cast immobilization 296– compartment syndrome 262, 305

– infection 263– ischemic necrosis 307– loss of reduction 263– malunion 262, 305– neuropathy 263– nonunion 307– Peterson classification 234– Salter-Harris classification 233– Smith’s fracture 231, 237– synostosis 307– type 1 39– ulnar styloid nonunion 263distal radius stress injury 266– gymnastics 266distal tibial epiphysis 274distal tibial physeal fracture 274–384– complete arrest 170– complications 147– rotational fracture 60– triplane fractures 353–384– type 5 with ORIF 75– type 6 78distal ulnar epiphysis 527distal ulnar physeal fracture 525–546– irreducibility 534– ischemic trauma 534– malunion 536– premature closure 534distraction 267– of the physis 885drawer test 618drill hole 815dysplasia 763

E

ecchymosis 215, 395, 409, 554, 648, 659

ectopic ossification 718elbow– dislocation 441, 448– in the newborn 512– extension 746– fracture 443– stiffness 428, 479enchondral bone growth pattern 10entrapment of soft tissue 575epicondyle fracture 96epiphyseal– blood supply, temporary

ischemia 15– displacement 661– ossification center 117, 437, 813– scar 17– separation 511– vessel ischemia 13epiphyseodesis 182, 681, 747, 880epiphyseolysis 853, 885epiphysis– anatomy 7– bifid 536– growth 13– history 7 – ossification center 644

epiphysis-to-epiphysis fixation 134Erb palsy 581excision of the radial head 718exostosis 575extensor carpi radialis longus 448extensor digitorum– communis 201– longus 414extensor pollicis longus 201extraperiosteal hemorrhage 394

F

fasciotomy 153, 660fat 136, 861, 876– pad sign 428, 699– stripe 35femur– distal physeal fracture– – birth fractures 634– – classification 598– – complications 627– – epidemiology 598– – evaluation 603– – management 608– neck fracture 777– proximal physeal fracture– – birth fractures 786– – classification 776– – complications 785– – epidemiology 777– – evaluation 778– – management 778fibrin adhesive system 700fibular– fracture 295– metaphysis 288– notch 338figure-of-eight clavicular splint 751final cavity 857finger– joint stiffness 224– metacarpals 399– phalangeal fracture 102, 205– trap traction 43, 237– fishtail deformity 425, 455, 471,

478, 513, 850– ischemic necrosis 513– of the distal humerus 850flap– closure 134– graft 84flat bone 9flat physis 797flexion injury 662flexor tendon 208floating knee 655focal ischemia 813foot– fracture 97– phalanges 411–418– – growth arrest 415– – joint stiffness 415– – refracture 418

909Subject Index

– – secondary centers of ossifica-tion 411

footdrop 850forme fruste bar 820, 902, 903Foucher classification 4, 210fracture– apophyseal 96– avulsions 575– carpal scaphoid 235– cervicotrochanteric 776– chondro-osseous 275– diaphyseal 16– dislocation 429– displacement 104– – reduction 131– epicondyle 96– fall-related 108– hematoma 239– incomplete condylar 479– incomplete intercondylar 483– intercondylar 436, 479, 480– intertrochanteric 776– intracondylar 479– irreducible 158, 222– juxtaepiphyseal 210– – of the terminal phalanx 210– juxtaphyseal 4, 203, 207– Mallet-equivalent 203, 210, 221– metaphyseal 16– Monteggia 235– of head and neck 696– of the acetabular rim 783– of the clavicle 97– of the distal phalanx 221, 414– of the femoral neck 776– of the fibula 295– of the fibular diaphysis 282– of the finger phalanges 103, 205– of the foot 97– of the hand 97– of the hand phalanges 201–225– of the lateral condyle 443– of the pelvis 755– of the tibial tubercle 658– of the toe phalanges 414– of the ulnar styloid 42, 229, 233– pseudo-Mallet 210– separation of an entire

epiphysis 509, 511, 512– Seymour 210, 221– supracondylar 426, 434, 437, 600– T-condylar 437, 479– transcervical 776– transmetaphyseal 35, 43, 45, 417,

663– T-supracondylar 491– undisplaced 371– y-condylar 479Freijka pillow splint 788

G

Galeazzi-equivalent injury 529gamekeepers thumb 218

gastrocnemius– head 616– muscle 596, 654gelfoam 853genu– recurvatum 681– valgum 613, 624, 628, 631, 680, 794,

817germinal cell layer 133graft failure 893greater tuberosity (femur) 551greenstick fracture 738, 739growth– assessment 13– disturbance 16– longitudinal 12– plate fracture 22– plate transplantation 893– resumption 873– retardation 812gymnastics 266

H

hand– fracture 97, 401– phalanges 201–225Harris growth arrest lines 136, 367,

425, 826, 841, 900, 902Harris-Parklines 826head and neck fracture 696hemarthrosis 68, 117, 603, 606, 659– of the knee 125hematogenous osteomyelitis 575hematoma 162, 165, 858, 886– anesthesia 215– intra-articular 739– ossification 636hemichondrodriatasis 885, 888hemiepiphyseodesis 539hemispheric cartilage 755hemorrhage– extraperiosteal 394– subperiosteal 394heterotopic– bone 634, 786, 788– ossification 187, 766high velocity injury 141Hoffman external fixator 533Holland fragment, see Holland signHolland sign 51, 56, 73, 133, 160, 217,

237, 284, 286, 554, 559, 603, 612, 678, 704, 794

homograft (cartilage) 895homologous transfer 895humerus– lengthening 586– varus 584hyperemia 14, 183hyperextension injury– elbow 741– hip 787– knee 151, 659, 660, 671 hyperpronation (forearm) 527

hypertrophic– cell 745– layer 885– zone 133, 811, 814hypertrophy 12, 582, 787, 893hypocalcemic tetany 639

I

iliac crest bone 254ilio-ischial physeal arm 755Ilizarov external fixator 487immobilization 135incisional neuroma 291incomplete– condylar fracture 479– intercondylar fracture 483indomethacin 854infection 88, 162, 225, 263– postoperative 877infraspinatus muscle 550injury history 117intercondylar fracture– humerus 436, 479, 480– – comminuted 484– – notch 517interosseous ligament 347internal fixation 134interphalangeal– arthrodesis 83– joint 202interposition materials (bars) 860, 872– cartilage 863– cranioplast 861– fat 861– silastic 863interpositional material (fracture)

fat 136intertrochanteric fracture 776intervertebral disc 799intra-articular– hematoma 739– osteochondral fragment 763intramedullary Rush rod 83intramembranous ossification 811iodine arteriography 681irreducible fracture 158, 222, 534ischemia of the epiphyseal

vessels 13ischemic necrosis, see also osteo-

necrosis 66, 72, 180, 181, 225, 307, 396, 407, 423, 509, 513, 578, 684, 785

ischemic trauma 534ischial-pubic physeal arm 757

J

joint– aspiration 608– stiffness 194, 631Jones dressing 76Judet’s view 758juvenile Tillaux fracture 338juxtaphyseal fracture 4, 203, 207, 210

910 Subject Index

K

keloid scar 753Kirner’s deformity 211Kirschner wire 137– fixation 157knee– dislocation 604– effusion 659– hemarthrosis 125– immobilizer 679– immobilizing splint 627, 662– trauma 603Knowles pin 781Kocher incision 472, 478Kump’s bump 274kyphosis (spine) 804

L

laceration 150, 217Lacroix’s perichondral ring 9lamellar fragment 119lateral– bony prominence 456– collateral ligament (LCL) 653, 792– condyle (humerus)– – growth arrest 478– – fracture 440, 443, 456– – ischemic necrosis 478– – neuropathy 478– plafond fracture 293, 338leg-length discrepancy 851, 878Leinbach screw 743length discrepancy 142, 169, 177, 680ligament disruption 603ligamentous injury 685ligamentum teres 775limb– deformity 825– length discrepancy 112, 169, 591,

610, 681– length measurement 827Little Leaguer’s shoulder 554, 589long bone 7longitudinal split fracture 741loss– of fixation 137– of joint motion 194– of reduction 263

M

macrofailure (fracture) of the physis 817

Madelung-like deformity 269Madelung’s deformity 811magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI) 124, 827, 834– manual mapping technique 834– projection technique 838– three-dimensional rendering

technique 835

magnetic resonance venography (MRV) 125

Mallet-equivalent fracture 203, 21, 221

malrotation 224malunion 176, 258, 305, 329mammary process 274manubrium 750, 751maturity– clinical 845– skeletal 15, 845maximum intensity projection 838medial– collateral ligament (MCL) 653– cortex 450– malleolar fracture 324– malleolus 311medial condyle (humerus)– anatomy 493– fracture 503– – complications 507– – classification 494– – epidemiology 494– – management 503mediastinal encroachment 753meningomyelocele 787meniscal injury 685meniscectomy 620meniscus 749metacarpal 399– anatomy 203– of the fingers 399– of the thumb 399, 401– physeal fracture 399–410– – complications 407– – epidemiology 401– – evaluation 402– – management 405metacarpophalangeal joint 201, 202metal– composition 135– internal fixation 134– marker 142, 858, 869, 874metaphyseal– fragment, see Holland sign– greenstick fracture 738– osteomyelitis 585– pin 243– sclerosis 35, 404metaphysis 7, 8– metacarpal 203– temporary ischemia 15– torus fracture 44metatarsal 643–650– anatomy 643– fracture 644– – classification 644– – complications 647– – evaluation 647– – management 647– length discrepancy 645, 646, 647– limb length discrepancy 645–647methylmethracrylate 862

microdose digital roentgeno-graphy 832

mini acetabulum 766monomer 861Monteggia fracture 235motion restriction 578MRI, see magnetic resonance

imagingMRV, see magnetic resonance

venographymultiplanar tomography 833multiplane osteotomy 546multiple– ossification center 644– physeal undulations 627– wires 135muscle– relaxation 134– spasm 802myelodysplasia 291myelomeningocele 634myelosdysplasia 268myonecrosis 168myositis ossificans 187, 479

N

nailbed injury 415neck pain 802nerve– block 215– impairment 162, 634– injury 766neuritis 162neuroma 162neuropathy 263, 460, 493– ulnar 507neuropraxia 162nonbacterial inflammatory

reaction 137nonossifying fibroma 194nonsteroidal ant-inflammatory

agent 136nonunion 170, 307, 329, 407, 459, 507,

634, 729, 745, 786– fibrous tissue 336– radial styloid 244– ulnar styloid 251

O

occult fracture 758odontoid process 798Ogden classification 27olecranon 486, 559, 733– fossa 492, 746– fracture 736– hypertrophy 476– osteotomy 475, 487Olmsted County Study 28, 99open reduction and internal fixation

(ORIF) 73, 76, 135, 624, 647

911Subject Index

open wedge osteotomy 254, 261, 326, 627, 631

ORIF, see open reduction and internal fixation

Orthofix dynamic axial fixator 886orthoroentgenography 303, 828, 832os subtibiale 311Osgood-Schlatter’s disease 631, 639,

659, 686ossification– of the epiphysis 9– of the capitellum 440– of the tibial apophysis 652ossification center 180, 201– primary 8– secondary 9– – in ischemic necrosis 180osteoarthritis 307, 766osteoblast 10osteochondritis dissecans 596osteochondrosis deformans

juveniles 423osteoclast 10osteodystrophy 291osteogenesis imperfecta 742osteolysis 137osteomyelitis 30, 162, 163, 263, 330,

415, 686, 787, 788, 881– hematogenous 575– metaphyseal 585osteonecrosis 112, 180, 307, 503, 718,

785osteosynthesis 172, 307, 327, 334, 499,

894osteotomy 112, 303, 327, 849, 851, 856,

860, 880– arcuate 174– closing wedge 261, 637– multiplane 546– olecranon 475, 487– supracondylar 457, 466– ulnar 466overgrowth– of the distal femur 634– of the lateral humeral condyle 456– of the medial humeral condyle 507– of the proximal tibia 685– of the tibial medial malleolus 329– relative overgrowth 183– true overgrowth 183

P

papillae (mammary processes) 16, 210, 274

Park lines 826patellofemoral joint 598patient age 141Pavlik harness 639, 788pectoralis muscle 551pediatric ankle injury 279pelvic– asymmetry 758

– osteotomy 766– tilt 169pelvis– fracture 755–767– roentgenography 827percutaneous fixation 298perichondral injury 27perichondrial ring of Ranvier 9, 10,

855periosteum 56, 62, 158, 303, 316, 327,

487, 612, 616, 685, 803– entrapment 158, 396peripheral bar 843Peterson classification 28, 29, 133,

142, 148, 233, 402, 425phalangeal physeal fracture 201–225phalanges– of the foot 411–418– of the hand 201–225– physeal fractures (foot)– – classification 417– – complications 415– – epidemiology 414– – evaluation 415– – management 415– physeal fractures (hand)– – classification 203– – complications 222– – epidemiology 203– – evaluation 208– – management 215Philadelphia collar 800physeal– arrest 169– bar 299, 396, 871– – excision 853– cartilage 8– – operative damage 134– – surgical arrest 849– – transplantation 893– distraction 885, 888, 889– fracture– – age 95, 100– – axial skeleton 95– – body location 95, 101– – classification system 22– – epidemiology 93– – evaluation 117– – frequency 93, 100– – gender 94, 100– – management 131–138– – of the spine 113– – pathologic 194– – site 96, 101, 103 ,104– – type 98,104– – – type 1 30– – – type 2 49– – – type 3 58– – – type 4 66– – – type 5 72– – – type 6 77– stress injury 263, 589, 686, 745– undulation incongruity 672

physis– anatomy 7– blood supply 11, 13– fracture patterns 12– growth 12– nerve supply 14– primary 9– secondary 10physolysis 853pilon fracture 276, 277– adolescent 299pin– biodegradable 137– metaphyseal 243– smooth 59, 135– threaded 135– tract infection 886plafond fracture 279, 288plainogram 122plantarflexion injury 414Poland classification 5Poland’s hump 274, 275, 278, 339, 355,

365, 899polyacid 137polydioxanone (PDS) 137polyethylene 862polyglycolic acid (PGA) 137polylactic acid (PLA) 137poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) 137polymer 861polymerization 861polymethylmethacrylate 854polytomography 122, 833popliteal artery 654– thrombosis 682posterior– crucial ligament (PCL) 653– interosseous nerve palsy 731– plaster splint 662postoperative infection 877posttraumatic neck pain 802posttraumatic physeal bar

distraction 887premature physeal– arrest (closure) 145, 148, 224– complete closure arrest 324– partial arrest 269, 324, 811pressure epiphysis 11primary– center of ossification (PCO) 8– physis 9– spongiosa metaphyseal bone 11pronator quadratus sign 35, 235proximal clavicular physeal

fracture 749–753– classification 750– complications 753– epidemiology 750– evaluation 750– management 751proximal femoral physeal fracture– birth fractures 786– classification 776

912 Subject Index

– complications 785– epidemiology 777– evaluation 778– management 778proximal fibular physeal

fracture 791–795– classification 792– complications 793– epidemiology 793– evaluation 793– management 793proximal humeral physeal

fracture 549–591– birth fractures 581– classification 553– complications 575– epidemiology 553– evaluation 553– management 559proximal humerus varus 586proximal radial physeal

fracture 695–731– classification 696– complications 718– epidemiology 696– evaluation 699– management 700proximal tibia 881proximal tibial physeal

fracture 651–691– classification 665– complications 681– epidemiology 659– evaluation 659– management 661– stress injury 686– triplane fracture 665proximal ulnar physeal

fracture 733–747– classification 736– complications 745– epidemiology 737– evaluation 739– management 745– stress injury 745pseudoarthrosis 184, 786pseudodislocation 581, 770, 787pseudoepiphysis 201, 399, 400, 644pseudo-Mallet fracture 210pseudoparalysis 778, 787pseudorickets 268pseudosubluxation 800puberty 14, 845pyogenic granuloma 162

Q

quadriceps– atrophy 633– muscle 658

R

radial– buckle fracture 536– head– – excision 718– – fracture 695– – inclination 269– neck sclerosis 705radioulnar– joint incongruency 269– synostosis 718, 729Rang classification 27recurvatum (proximal tibia) 681reduction of fracture displace-

ment 131refracture (physis) 191remodeling of angulation 705retinaculum (proximal femur) 776ribs 807ring of Ranvier 8–11, 158, 843, 855,

871Risser sign 845Rochester Epidemiology Project 99roentgen stereophotogrammetry 826– analysis 303roentgenography 825rotational malalignment 131, 407rotator cuff 553, 554, 575Rush pin (rod) 83, 164, 475

S

Salter-Harris classification 22, 25, 26, 98, 104, 276

scanography 829, 830, 836scapular glenoid 584, 585scintigraphy 127, 832, 834sclerosis (post fracture) 180– in the metaphysis 120, 404– of the radial neck 705– transmetaphyseal 37, 45, 231, 699scoliosis 797, 804screw fixation 321secondary center of ossification

(SCO) 8–10separation of the epiphysis 58, 509,

581, 634, 786septic arthritis 585septicemia 163, 586Seymour fracture 210, 221Shapiro classification 27shoe lift 849shoulder– dystocia 770– immobilizing splint 559sigmoid fossa of the ulna 423Silastic 854, 858, 861, 863, 875, 876silicone 854skeletal– maturity 15, 845– traction 450, 608, 662skin graft 134slipped capital femoral epiphysis

(SCFE) 776

slit scanography 830Smith’s fracture 231, 237smooth pin 59, 135soft tissue– entrapment 575, 584, 631– flap grafting 299– interposition 237, 375, 614, 685– swelling 150sonography, see ultrasoundspectral fat saturation 838spinal– canal 797– cord injury 800– – without roentgenographic

abnormality (SCIWORA) 800spine– curvature 169– deformities 802– fractures 797–804– growth 798– kyphosis 804 – scoliosis 804spondylolysis 799spontaneous– arthrodesis 786– physeal bar resolution 899spur 456Statue of Liberty cast 564, 573Steinmann pin 570, 574, 578, 609, 616,

816, 817, 841stenosis 150steroids 167stress– fracture 170– injury– – of the distal femur 608– – of the distal radius 263– – of the distal ulnar 529– – of the proximal humerus 589– – of the proximal tibia 686– – of the proximal ulna 745– test 119, 443– view 119stubbed great toe syndrome 414, 415styloid process (distal ulna) 525, 527subperiosteal– hemorrhage 394– ossification 568superficial peroneal nerve 375superior pubic ramus 760supertrauma 141supracondylar (humerus)– arcuate osteotomy 463– fracture 426, 434, 437, 600– osteotomy 457, 466supraspinatus muscle 550sympathectomy 153syndesmosis rupture 371synostosis 184– radioulnar 745– tibiofibular 307, 353synovial f luid 695synovitis 137

913Subject Index

T

talus 321, 364tardy ulnar palsy 460T-condylar fracture (humerus) 437,

479technetium scintigram 832teleoroentgenography 827, 832tendon– entrapment 158– rupture 415tenting (of physis) 425, 516, 812, 836,

843thoracolumbar spine 803threaded pin 135, 816thrombectomy 167, 682thrombin solution 858, 861thrombosis 150, 681thumb– metacarpals 399, 401– – fracture 70– proximal phalanx fracture 38– – type 1 38– spica cast 219tibial– shortening 850– tubercle 651– – apophysis 678– – fractures 658tibiofibular synostosis 353, 396tissue– interposition 349Tillaux fracture 338– ischemia 154– transfer 895titanium 875toe phalanges fracture 414tomography 122, 833– multiplanar 833torus fracture– of the distal radial metaphysis 31,

44, 229, 539– of the metaphysis 44total hip arthroplasty 862tracheosteomy 167traction epiphysis 11transcervical fracture (proximal

femur) 776transcondylar internal fixation 487transient neuropraxia 741transition fracture 339transmetaphyseal– fracture 35, 43, 45, 404, 417, 663– sclerosis 37, 45, 231, 699, 741transphyseal linear ossific stria-

tion 817trapezius muscle 769triangular fibrocartilage– meniscus 527– tears 269triceps muscle 744

triplane fracture– of a finger phalanx 353– of a thumb phalanx 205– of the distal humerus 425– of the distal radius 233– of the distal tibia 294,353–384– – extra-articular 357, 359, 361, 377– – classification 357– – complications 380– – epidemiology 362– – evaluation 362– – management 371triradiate cartilage 755– fracture 763– – undisplaced 764trochlea (distal humerus) 422, 423– groove 440– ossification 437, 493T-supracondylar fracture 491tuberosity 549, 652type-1 fracture 30–48– anatomy 30– classification 32– complications 44– epidemiology 33– evaluation 35– management 44– sites 103type-2 fracture 49–57– anatomy 49– classification 49– complications 56– epidemiology 50– evaluation 51– management 51– sites 103type-3 fracture 58–66– anatomy 58– classification 58– complications 64– epidemiology 58– evaluation 58– management 59– sites 103type-4 fracture 66–72– anatomy 58– classification 66– complications 64– epidemiology 67– evaluation 58– management 59– sites 103type-5 fracture 72–76– anatomy 72– complications 74– classification 72– epidemiology 73– evaluation 73– management 73– sites 103type-6 fracture 77–89– anatomy 77– classification 77

– complications 85– epidemiology 77– evaluation 84– management 84– sites 103

U

ulnar– lengthening 536– nerve palsy 162– nerve transposition 460– neuropathy 507– osteotomy 466– paresis 479– styloid fracture 42, 229, 233– physeal fracture– – distal 525–548– – proxijmal 733–748– styloid nonunion 251, 263, 723– variance 262, 269ultrasound (US) 125, 833undisplaced fracture 371US, see ultrasound

V

valgus 681– deformity 507– injury 699– malposition 380– osteotomy 586– strain 494– stress 657, 689– – test 618varus– deformity 327– – of the tibia 631– osteotomy 628vascular– impairment 634, 681– occlusion 150vastus medialis 631vertebra 9, 797Volkmann’s contracture 154– physeal fracture 797-804

W

Wagner monolateral lengthener 586wagon wheel injury 598wandering physeal line 733, 734weightbearing 135Werenskiold sign 235wound– infection 137– packing 134wrist– deformity 718, 723– gymnast’s 263– joint 527– pain 268

914 Subject Index

X

X-ray 5

Y

y-condylar fracture (distal hume-rus) 479

Z

zone– of provisional calcification 8, 812– of Ranvier 8–11, 13, 595– of physis 8, 812– – columnar 8, 812– – germinal cell 8, 812– – hypertrophic 8, 812– – proliferative 8, 812