Subject Index

A23187 813 abdominal trauma index (A TI) 872 ACTH - abdominal surgery 673 acute fluid resuscitation 1266 acute tubular necrosis 293 acute-phase proteins (APP) 267 - inflammation 209 - posttrauma 214 acute-phase response 665 - parameters 1110 adaptive immunity 39 adenosine 399, 423 adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency 1024 adenosine receptor 399 - agonists 400 - antagonists 423 adhesion molecules 181, 278, 292, 571, 583,

882 adrenal glands 681 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 681 adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

24, 171, 175, 191, 199,299,403,444,580, 583, 596, 1279

- early signs - high output failure 165 - morphology 162 - venous-arterial admixture 165 alveolar macro phages 291 allograft response 471 allopurinol 1273 alpha,-antitrypsin 210 alpha2-macroglobulin 210 alternative pathway - complement activation 40 alveolar macrophage - pulmonary epithelial cell interactions 588 aminoacridines 536 anaemia - TNF 717 - IFN-gamma 717 anergy 23,74 angiogenesis factors 1053 - wound repair 1052 angiogenesis inhibitors - wound repair 1054

angry macrophage 191 anti-CDII/CDI8 therapy 183 anti-CD3 antibodies 355 anti-CD9 antibodies 437 anti-CD28 antibodies 557, 560 anti-CD2 antibodies 557, 561 anti-CD44 antibodies 565 anti-CDl4 antibodies 773 anti-CD18 antibodies 1243 - in abdominal sepsis 1245 - soft tissue infection 1246 - peritonitis 1248 anti-core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies

911 anti-ELAM-I therapy 284 anti-endotoxin antibodies - binding characteristics 1211 - gram-negative sepsis 1219 - therapy 1163, 1219 - HA-IA 1219 - whole-cell antigen 1215 - Xomen-E5 (E5) 1211 anti-inflammatory drugs - nonsteroidal 68 anti-lipid A antibodies - Xomen-E5 1217 anti-lipopolysaccharide IgE - in trauma patients 808 anti-TNF antibodies 166,293,658,730, 755 antibiotic therapy - immune system 979 antibiotics 971 - bioactivity 945 - cellular/extracellular concentration

ratio 965 - extra phagocytic killing 972 - phagocytosis 945, 979 - immunological side effects 984 - interaction with phagocyte oxidative burst

953 - intracellular penetration 945 antibody assay - cytomegalovirus (CMV) 1188 antibody presentation - hemorrhage 152 antigen presenting cells 42

1286 Subject Index

antimicrobial agents 946, 953 - oxidant-mediated transformation 960 - synergism with oxidative burst 959 antimicrobial uptake 965 antioxidant therapy 1263, 1266 antithrombin III (AT III) 225 APACHE II scores 666, 1181 apolipoprotein A-I 789 arachidonic acid 297 - prostaglandin 1007 -Ieukotrienes 1007 - metabolism 811 arginine vasopressin (A VP) 681 aspiration 244 - acidal 239 ATP-MgCI 2 155 autoreactivity 39

bacteria - extracellular killing 973 bacterial cell wall structure - antibiotic induced changes 976 bacterial surface structure - phagocytosis 980 bacterial translocation 165,245,282,339,539,

657, 899, 903, 917 - etiopathogenesis 922 - shock 939 - thermal injury 893 bactericidal/permeability increasing protein

(BPI) 768 baltimore sepsis scale 843 barium sulfate - peritonitis 1251 beta-endorphins 376, 485 beta-lactam antibiotics 971 beta-thromboglobulin 585 beta- 2 -integrins 182 beta2-microglobulin 549 biochemical markers - prognostic value 226 biologic systems 4 bombesin 896 bronchoalveolar lavage fluids 294 burn injury 743,687, 1037 - administration of propranolol 1038 - animal models 1136 - bacterial translocation 896 - decrease in mesenteric blood 896 - gastrointestinal integrity 917 - growth hormones (hGH) 1038 - hypermetabolic response 1037 - immunomodulation 1153 - wound management 1037

C-reactive protein (CRP) 204, 224, 665 - after trauma 1282 C4bBP 263 Calcium [Ca2+] 517, 577

- activation signal 465 - channel 52 - channel blocker 154, 517 - signalling 53 cardiac index (CI) - in sepsis 1179 cardiac myocytes 677 cardiac surgery 11 09 carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 531 - cytoplasmic Ca2+ 537 -mRNA 533 - protein kinase C 537 - TNF-alpha 536 carrageenan (CAR) 799 cathepsin B 223, 459 CD ll/CD I 8 17, 182, 583, 1072, 1244 CD28 42 CDIO 101 CD35 (CRI) 101 CD33 101, 740 CDI8 102,431, 596, 727, 883 - beta-2 431 CDII 231, 596, 727 CD3 333, 356, 1109 CD4 333, 356, 557, 1109 CD8 333,356 CDI4 356, 740, 769 CD45 356 CD16 373 CD9 437 CDllb/CD16 453 CD19 744 CD4/CD8 T cells 744 CD25 1115 CD4/CD8 ratio - in burn patients 1154 CDw18 279 cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 755 cell adhesion 7 cell degeneration stage 265 cell injury stage 265 cell interaction 431, 583 cell wall inhibitors - phagocytosis 979 cell-mediated immunity (CMI) 76, 303, 314,

337, 359, 1109 - restoration 1098 cellular systems - activation 142 chemotactic cytokines 583 chemotactic defect - serum-related 96 chemotaxis 577, 584, 594 chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) 629 chloroquine 154 cholesterol ester transport protein (CETP) 768 chronic immune activation 716 coagulation cascade - activation 142

coagulophathic stage 265 collagen fragments 585 collagen synthesis - wound repair 1054 colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-r) 603 colony-stimulating factors '74 complement 375,411, 585 - alternative pathway 40 - bactericidal action 981 - blood neutrophils 91 - stimulation 91 complement activation 177, 577, 882, 1055 - wound repair 1054 complement C3a 192,511 - MOF 901 complement C5a 192,232,278, 289, 511,

577 complement cascade 204,512 complement-derived anaphylatoxins 278 concanavalin A (con A) 1252 connective tissue-activating peptide III (CTAP-

III) 578, 585, 593 copper 1272 corticosterone 681 corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) 681 cortisol 376 - abdominal surgery 673 - TNF response 258 corynebacterium parvum 936B - in burn patients 1153 costimulatory activity - interferon-gamma 45 CRI 375 CR 1 receptor 17 CR3 231 CR3 receptor 17 Crohn's disease 25, 699 cross-reactivity activity 45 cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (cAMP) 51,

401, 562,609, 1125 cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)

609, 1125 cyclosporin A 565, 1100 cyclooxygenase 297 - inhibitors 637, 653 cytokine production - molecular mechanisms 767 cytokine response - posttrauma 214 cytokine treatment - murine radiation model 693 cytokines 655, 1135 - abdominal surgery 673 - acute phase proteins 206 - biological characteristics 655 - cardiotoxic effects 677 - circulating 613 - gene targeting 553 - skeletal muscle 206

Subject Index 1287

- physiology 547 - solid organ metabolism 208 - stren uous exercise 720 - therapy 1135 cytolysis 312 cytotoxic cell protease 1 (CCPl) 314 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) 311, 320

D-erythro-neopterin see neopterin D-dimer fragment 224 deferroxamine 88, 1264 DEGR-Xa 268 delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response

73, 229, 248, 1114 - biologic response modifiers (BRM) 1131 - following trauma 1131 - open heart surgery 1110 di-HETE 298 diacylglycerol 297, 811 dialyzer - hollow fiber 614 - membranes 614 dimethylsulfoxide (OM SO) 1273 dimethylthioruea (DMTU) 1273 disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)

166,267 DNA fragmentation 313 dynorphin 485

early enteral feeding 903 - protective effect 920 eicosanoids 200, 882 - synthesis inhibitors 299 elastase 278, 580, 947 - after trauma 1281 empirical laparotomy 865 endogenous spleen colony-forming units

(E-CFU) 694 endothelial activation 281 endothelial cells 267, 277, 288 - injury 85, 181,403 - stimulation 437 endothelial cells - leukocyte interaction 277 endothelial dysfunction 107 - circulatory shock 108 endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules

(ELAM) 144, 177,204,281,292, 543, 583, 882

endothelial stimulation 281 endothelin 465 endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)

107 endotoxemia 297,449,539,789, 1194 - platelet activating factor (PAF) 1229 -TNF 759 endotoxic shock - LTB4 802 -LTC4D4 802

1288 Subject Index

endotoxic shock protection - soluble CD14 773 endotoxin 153, 266, 278, 657, 699, 773, 779,

811,857, 1163, 1193, 1211, 1219 - abdominal surgery 673 - burn patients 743, 1189 - IgM 1171 - IL-1 885 -leak 18 - monoclonal antibodies 1172 - phospholipase A2 (PLA2) 811 - post burn serum concentrations 1153 - TNF -alpha 885 - translocation 18, 904 enteral diets 918 enteral nutrition 257,871,917 epidermal growth factor (EG F) 917 - wound repair 1052 epinephrine 376 erythropoietin (EPO) 705, 711 - HepG2 711 - hypoxia-induced production 705 Escherichia coli 280 - sepsis 263 essential fatty acid deficiency 299 exercise induced immunomodulation 376 exocytosis 312 extracorporal circulation (ECC) 359, 1109 extravascular lung water (EVLW) 141

factor Xa 266 FcRI crosslin king 637 fibrinogen consumption 268 fibrinolysis - inhibition 300 fibroblasts 323 fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1053 - PMN 1079 - respiratory burst activity (RBA) 1079 - wound repair 1052 fibronectin 391, 585, 1155 - in burn patients 1154 fish oil 1017 flow cytometry 729 FnR 231 free radical scavenging 1273

G proteins 49, 811 gamma-globulin replacement - in burn patients 1187 gastrointestinal (GI) tract 243 - diets 917 gene - deletion 547 - knockout 548 - targeting 548 general anaesthesia 67 genetic deletions 547 glucan 1131

- in burn patients 1154 glucocorticoids 60, 331 glutathione (GSH) 737 golitely's solution 939 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating

factor (GM-CSF) 365 - assay 694 - therapeutic use 1141 granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140)

281, 502, 543 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

693 - therapeutic use 1141 granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units

(CFU-GM) 339 - inhibitory activity 342 granulocyte-tissue cell interaction 1083 granulocytes 973 group B streptococcus - pulmonary hypertension 803 growth factors 886 - skin regeneration 1087 - wound repair 1051 growth hormone 376 - wound healing 1038 growth-related onogene (GRO) see melanoma

growth-stimulatory activity GTP 812 guanine nucleotide protein - endotoxin tolerance 811 gut barrier - failure 244 - function 917 gut flora 247 gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) 243 gut-derived infectious-toxic shock (GITS) - prophylaxis and therapy 911 gut-liver axis 243, 899 gut-origin-septic states 853

H2-receptor blockers - in burn patients 1156 H 20 2 86 HA-1A 1219 Haber-Weiss reaction 86, 113, 1263, 1272 heat shock proteins 317, 323 hemodialysis - removal of cytokines 613 hemopoietic recovery -G-CSF 697 - IL-6 697 hemopoietic suppression 693 hemorrhage - infection 349 - inflammatory responses 151 hemorrhagic necrosis 293 hemorrhagic shock 128, 149, 339, 655 - anti-TNF antibodies 658 - biochemical markers 222

- IFN-gamma therapy 154 - IL-1 658 - IL-6 657 - TNF-alpha 657 - translocation 905 hepatic inflammation 523 hepatic injury - Kupffer cells 130 - neutrophils 130 hepatocytes 128 - cell resistance 128 - LPS 528 - mitchondrial respiration 528 - TNF-alpha 528 histamine - T suppressor cells 1098 HLA-DQ 366 HLA-DR antigen expression 365, 1146 homologous recombination 549 horror autotoxicus 5, 6 host defense - failure disease 213 - preexisting disease 73 - reactivity 995 - three phases 41 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

715 human interleukin differentiation activity

(HILDA) 552 human models - wound repair 1059 humoral immune response 76 humoral mediator blockade 69 humoral systems - activation 142 hydrocortisone 324 hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) 297 hydroxyl radical (-OH) 85, 87, 113, 117, 300,

1263, 1272 hydroxyl radical scavenger 91, 118, 1265 - studies in man 1276 hypercortisolemia 333 hypermetabolic response 385, 871 hypertonic volume therapy 831 - microcirculatory effects 835 hypo perfusion - role of iron 1265 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis - TNF 681 hypoxie cardiovascular failure 175

ibuprofen 299 immobilized stimuli 561 immune complexes 375 immune dysfunction - post-trauma 1043 immunoblotting 324 immunoglobulin administration

Subject Index 1289

- adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 912

- after major injury 913 - bacteriological results 1189 - clinical effects 1202 - clinical results 1189 -GITS 913 - intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 625,

912, 1206 - major burn injury 1187 - neutrophil function 1189 - prophylactic administration 912 - sepsis 1176 immunoglobulin E (IgE) - major trauma 807 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 291 - following burns 1187 - polyvalent 1175 immunoglobulin G treatment - sepsis organ response 1182 - sepsis subgroup analysis 1181 immunoglobulin M (IgM) - following burns 1187 immunoglobulin preparation - IgM-enriched 1166 - pure IgG 1168 immunoglobulin therapy in sepsis - APACHE II score system 1196 - demographic data 1196 - hemodynamics 1179, 1182 - mortality rate 1176, 1198 - plasma endotoxin 1200 - serum IgG-antibodies 1200 - sources of gram-negative infections 1196 immunoglobulins 1163 - endotoxin inactivation 1166, 1167 - in burn patients 1154 - influence on septic/endotoxic shock 1169 - modulation of cytokine production 625 - polyspecific 912 immunomodulation 1109,1145,1153,1219 - effect on skin test reactivity 1131 - nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

(NSAIDS) 1110 - surgeon 1097 - thymopentin (TP-5) 1110 immunosuppression 368, 553, 1097 Indo/TP-5 (vs single drug) 1123 indomethacin (Indo) 303, 324, 640,

1110 - in burn patients 1156 infection - animal models 1136 - biologic regulation 883 - clinical signs 162 - inflammation 1045 - mediators 882 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 699 inflammatory cells

1290 Subject Index

- signal transduction 54 inflammatory mediators 288 - blocking agents 884 - inhibitors 884 - macrophage derived 192 inflammatory response 266, 278, 287, 557 inflammatory stage 265 inhalation injury 388 inositol-I,4,5-triphosphate (lP 3) 811 integrins 182, 278, 882 intensive care unit (ICU) 31,925 intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 182,

183, 205, 281, 543, 583 interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) 380 interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) 192, 365,

375,380,506,593,638,715, 1257 - anaemia 717 - assay 1141 - endogenous production after trauma 1146 - hemorrhage 150 - major surgery 665 - therapeutic use 1140 - inducible protein (IP-IO) 585,593 interferon-gamma therapy - anti-MAC-I 1260 - HLA-DR antigen expression 1149 - la antigen expression 1260 - intraabdominal abscess 1259 - in trauma patients 1145 - mortality 1259 - opsonic capacity 1259 - outcome predictive score 1148 - phagocytosis 1259 interleukin I (IL-I) 55,192,267,281,288,331,

375,524,557,583,609,613,625,655,705,773, 1132, 1111, 1157

IL-I beta assay 1114 IL-I inhibitors 572 - receptor antagonist 573 - urinary 573 IL-I receptor antagonist (IL-Ira) 166,571,625 - effects 573 - septic shock 573 - gene deletion 547 - IL-2 production 560 - IL-2 receptor expression 560 - inhibitors 572 - sepsis 572 - signal transduction 562 -surgery 651,665,673 - systemic effects 571 - T cell differentiation 558 - T cell proliferation 558 - therapeutic use 1139 - therapy in burn patients 1156 - urinary inhibitor 573 - vascular effects 571 interleukin 2 (IL-2) 311, 375, 557, 687, 1111,

1157, 1251

IL-2 receptor (IL-2r) 689, 1123 - promoter 629 - strenuous exercise 720 - assay 1113 - hemorrhage 150 - IL-l 687 - local administration in intra-abdominal bac-

terial sepsis 1251 - PGE 2 687 - therapeutic use 1139 - therapy in burn patients 1156 - TNF -alpha 687 - strenuous exercise 720 interleukin 3 (IL-3) - hemorrhage 150 interleukin 4 (IL-4) 560, 637 - effects on macrophages 647 - immunomodulation 647 - PGE 2 647 - TNF -alpha 649 interleukin 6 (IL-6) 192, 366, 375, 625, 693,

699, 705, 773, 1111 - assay 1114 - downregulation 627 - hemorrhage 150, 153 - indicator for IL-I 572 - inhibitory effect 745 - multi organ failure 901 - sepsis score 843 - strenuous exercise 720 - surgery 665, 673 - T cells 744 - therapeutic use - traumatic injury

1141 744

interleukin 8 (lL-8) 593

192, 278, 577, 583,

- biological properties 578 - effects 578 - hepatocytes 586 - Kupffer cells 586 -mRNA 579 intestinal barrier 904 intestinal growth factor (IGF) - bombesin 896 intraabdominal sepsis see sepsis intraalveolar fat 142 intracellular antibiotic bioactivity 965 intraperitoneal infections 857 - bacteriology 858 - decision making 860 intraphagocytic cell penetration 965 iron 1272 iron chelator treatment 1266 ischemia 127 - acute lung injury 477 -leukocyte adherence 399 -liver 499 - neutrophil accumulation 131 - pathophysiological alterations 113

-reperfusion injury 113, 181, 194,288,449, 477,499,539,853,881, 1017, 1263, 1272

- role of iron 1263

kinin cascade 1055 - wound repair 1054 Kupffer cells 127, 505, 523, 658 - cytotoxic activity 130 - cytokine production 152 - hemorrhage 152

lactate 223 lactoferrin 230 LBP see lipopolysaccharide-binding protein LBP/LPS complexes 769 LECAM-1 431 left ventricular stroke work index (L VSWI) - in sepsis 1179 leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LF A-I)

182, 283 leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 552 leukocyte adherence deficiency (LAD) 1244 leukocyte adhesion 541 - complexes 182 leukocyte-endothelium interaction 399, 449,

501, 1017 -liver 539 leukocytes - free oxygen radicals 520 leukostatis 277 leukotriene (L T) - A4 (L T A4) 298 - B4 (L TB4) 144, 192, 200, 236, 298, 585, 640 - C4 (LTC4) 192, 298, 443, 799, 812 - CD18 203 - D4 (LTD4) 192,443,799,812 - E4 (L TE4) 298 - IL-l 642 - IL-6 642 - IL-8 144 - inhibitor 799, 1017 - leukocyte adherence 203 - PGE2 642 - receptor antagonists 302 - TNF-alpha 640,641 levamisole 1157 - in burn patients 1156 Lewis-X 281 lipids - coconut oil 999 - cytokine synthesis 1013 - fish oil 997, 1013, 1017 - host defense reactivity 997, 1003 - injury 997, 1003 -long chain triglycerides (LCT) 1003 - medium chain triglycerides (MCT) 1004 - nutritional support 996, 1003 - n-3 fatty acids 10\3 - omega 3 fatty acid 997

Subject Index 1291

- omega 6 fatty acids 997 - safflower oil 997 - sepsis 999, 1003 - structured lipids (SL) 1005 - tumors 1008 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 55, 293, 506, 767 - O-chain 1125 lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) 768 lip oxygenase - inhibitors 302 - pathway 297 - products 637 liver 127, 531 - mitochondrial lipid metabolism 531 - reperfusion 13 5 liver transplantation - complement 511 long-term training 373 LPS see lipopolysaccharide LPS-lipoprotein complexes 789 luminol-enhanced chemoluminescence (LECL)

773 lung - Injury 142, 177,235 - macro phages 177 lymphocyte activation 42

lymphopenia 331 lysosomal cysteine proteinase 459

membrane attack complex-l (Mac-l) 283, 543 - receptor 1067 macrophage-T-cell interactions see monocyte macrophages 192,288,945,979 - cytokines 204 - activation 459 - antibiotic effects on phagocytosis 984 - antigen presentation 349 - arachidonic acid metabolites 811 - inflammatory proteins (MIP) 3, 585 - phagocytosis diet 1026 - stimulants 1131 major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

151,547 - antigen expression 1257 major trauma see trauma or injury malignant systemic inflammation 191 melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (gro/

MGSA) 579, 585, 593 mesenteric vascular resistance (MVR) 8-93 metenkephalin 485 methyl-IMP - thymomimetic drug 1103 microbial virulence factors - capsule antigen expression 987 - K antigen expression 987 - M protein expression 987 - protein A expression 987 mitogen assay 11 \3 mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) 335

1292 Subject Index

monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 280,883, 1206, 1225

- against P. aeruginosa 1206 - C3a 411 - C5a 411 - in nosocomial infections 1223 - LPS 1225 - phospholipase A z (PLA 2) 795, 1237 - protective effects in infection 1223 - 60.3 182 monocytes (M0) 625 - antigen expression 1146 - chemotactic protein 585 - function and phenotypes 305 - HLA-DR antigen expression 349 - H 20 2 production 974 - T-cell interaction 690, 1109 mononuclear cells (MNC) see peripheral blood

mononuclear cells monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) 779 mucosal weight 893 multi organ failure (MOF) 141, 191, 199,287,

517, 583, 857, 871, 923, 939, 1193, 1243, 1279

- after shock 831 - blood culture 901 - cellular necrosis 824 - classification 859 - clinical characteristics 851 - clinical trials with intravenous Ig 1175 - common thread 881 - complement 163 - elastase 163, 164 - empirical laparotomy 865 - gastrointestinal mucosal 863 - gut-origin septic states 851 - gut liver axis 250 - hepatic failure 863 - ilecocolic mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)

901 - morphologic characteristics 171 - mortality 864 - multiple trauma 171 - pathomechanisms 829 - PMN 163 - portal bacteremia/endotoxemia 899 - postinjury 899 - postmortem finding 823 - preventive/therapeutic strategies 881 - renal failure 863 - respiratory failure 863 - score 161, 248, 1281 - sequence of organ failure 828 - two-phase-MOF 828 - wound management 867 multi organ failure syndrome (MOFS) see

multi organ failure (MOF) multi system organ failure (MSOF) see multi

organ failure (MOF)

multidisciplinary ICU - APACHE II score 32 myeloperoxidase 277 myelopoiesis 339

N-formylmethionyl-Ieucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) 289, 729, 585

- receptor 232 - responsive neutrophils 733 Na + /H + -antiport 731 NADPH oxidase 1271 natural killer cells (NK) 373 - activity 387 - IFN-alpha 374 - IL-2 enhanced 374, 387 - indomethacin enchanced 374 needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) 871 neopterin 224, 715, 1111 - assay 1114 -sepsis 718 - tryptophan 717 neural blockade 69 neuroendocrine adaptions - IL-l 63 neuroendocrine-immune axis 59 neutralization - FGF 1081 neutrophil-activating peptide-I (NAP-I) 577,

593 neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) 579,

585, 593 - biological activities 594 neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion 437 neutrophil-mediated - cytotoxicity 293 - endothelial cell damage 391 neutrophils 127, 288, 499, 577, 594, 845, 1067 - adherence 133, 177, 180, 396, 1243 - activation 121 - CD 11 b/CD 18 236, 1072 -CDll 98 -CD16 98 - CD 18-dependent 133 - dysfunction 95 - elastase 122, 477 - endothelial 431 - organ injury 1243 - oxygen radicals 102, 119 - PAF 121 - phagocytic properties 100 - phenotype 96 - plugging 132 - sepsis syndrome 727, 729, 732 - tissue destruction 1272 - TNF 121, 732 NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA) 506 nitric oxide (NO) 505, 611 - inhibition 507

- synthesis 471 no-flow-ischemia 128 non-selective gut decontamination (NSGD)

939 non-traumatic surgery 27 nosocomial infection 926 NSAID 299 nucleotide-free diet 1023 - IL-l 1025 - IL-2 1025 - IL-3 1025 nutrition 26, 256, 260 - immune function 256, 260 - postinjury 872

OKT3 561 omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUF A)

1006 opioid - pep tides 485 - receptor-mediated antinociception 485 - delta-receptor ligands (delta-ORL) 380 opsonization 973,981 organ failure - early 141 -late 141 orthograde gut lavage 939 oxidative burst 419, 453, 729, 953 - synergism with antimicrobial agents 959 oxygen free radical (OFR) 115,237,287, 302,

499, 773, 882, 1271, 1279 - clinical indications 1271 - induction 404 - inhibition 477 - production 404 - scavenger 1275, 1279 - tissue injury!" /§

pain relief 68 passive immunization 911, 1233 - against P. aeruginosa 1205 - immunotherapeutic strategies 1205 pentoxifylline (PTX) 423, 609 perforin 312 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)

355, 356, 374, 365, 973, 979 - phenotyping 1111, 1113 peritoneal macrophages - hemorrhage 151 peritonitis - bacteria 857 - effects of endotoxin 858 -local host defense 858 - postoperative 859 peroxynitrite pathway 86 phagocyte 953, 965 - killing 971 - oxidative mechanisms 971 - non-oxidative mechanisms 971

phagocytic cells 289 phagocytosis - assay 979, 1068 phalloidin 239

Subject Index 1293

phosphatidylcholine (PC) 811 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 811 phosphatidylinositol (PI) 811 phospholipase A2 (PLA 2) 297, 795, 811 - Ab therapy in sepsis 1237 - post-surgery trauma 1239 phospholipase C 297 phospholipase D 297 phospholipid turnover 811 physical and psychoemotional stress 373 - immune interferon 379 - opoid systems 379 plasmapheresis 369 - extracorporal 783 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAl) 192 platelet activating factor (PAF) 192,281,204,

585 - eicosanoid release - en do toxemia/sepsis

1234 1229

1233 - hemodynamic effects - ischemia 121 - receptors 278 - receptor antagonists 760, 1229 platelet basic protein (PBP) 578, 585, 593 platelet factor 4 (PF -4) 578, 585, 593 platelet-derived angiogenesis factor (PDAF)

1055 - wound repair 1054 platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 585,

1081 - wound repair 1052 pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells 547 pneumonias 926 polyclonal antibodies (pAb) - against P. aeruginosa 1206 - antiendotoxic therapy 1163 - hyperimmune immunoglobulins 911 - O-chain-specific 1225 - protective effects in infection 1223 polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) 277,

299, 403, 423, 453, 953, 966, 979, 1080 - activation 142 - adhesion receptors 231 - after trauma 174 - CDII/CD18 143 - chemotaxis 17 - chemotactic receptors 231 - elastase 223, 460 - exudation 78 - infiltration 174 - local infection 481 -lung capillaries 144 - respiratory burst 203 polymyxin B 926 - in burn patients 1153

1294 Subject Index

poly trauma see trauma pore-forming proteins 312 postburn immunosuppression 1153 - helper-suppressor T -lymphocyte ratios 385 -leukocyte function 389 - macrophage/monocyte 385 - natural killer (NK) 385 procoagulant activity (PCA) 192 prolactin 60 prolactin-like protein 61 proopiomelanocortin (POMC) 681 prostaglandines (PG) 323, 374, 571 - PGE! 403, 659 - PGE2 192, 156,200,297,453,505,571,609,

637,653,656, 1109, 1132, 1234 - PGE2 receptor 33 - PGF! alpha 200, 297 - PGI! 192, 297 proteases 177 protective factors 886 protein C 263 protein S anticoagulant system 264 protein kinase A (PKA) 51 protein kinase C (PKC) 53, 577, 811 protein synthesis inhibitors 987 protein-free diet 1025 prothrombin 225 - activation 268 pseudomonas aeruginosa - infection 1205 - therapy 752 psychoneuroendocrine immunology 379 pulmonary alveolar macrophages 388 pulmonary response - endotoxemia 783 - hemodynamic 783 - polymyxin B 783 purine and pyrimidine bases - cell proliferation 1023 - cellular immune response 1023 - deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 1023 - energy transfer 1023 - ribonucleic acid (RNA) 1023 purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). defi­

ciency 1024

radiation 693 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 368 receptor antagonists 299 recombinant human IL-2 (rIL-2) 1100, 1252 recombinant human SOD (rHSOD) 539, 1276 - clinical results 1280 - in poly traumatized patients 1279 - treatment 1283 reperfusion - endothelial dysfunction 110 - injury 399, 465 -liver 134 - neutrophil accumulation 118

respiratory burst 577, 594, 954 respiratory failure 293

selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) 925, 939 - colonization rate 932

- contamination bias 926 - indication 936 - infection rate 934 - mortality 926, 935 - outcome 928, 935 - PTA regimen 931 - published trials 933 selective parenteral and enteral antisepsis regi­

men (SPEAR) 931 self/nonself discrimination 46 sepsis 161, 191, 199, 253, 277, 297, 331, 352,

365,443,767,803,831,871,896,1045, 1251 - acute-phase proteins (APP) 1029 - amino acid (AA) 1029 - branched chain amino acid (BCAA) 1029 - circulatory dysfunction 1229 - classical 164 - clinical 164 - clinical trials with intravenous Ig 1175 - complication 363 - criteria 1193, 1238 - empirical laparotomy 863 - gram-negative 263, 517, 779, 1193, 1211,

1219 - gram-positive 263 - hemodialysis 622 - IL-2 protection 1255 - IL-6 843 - immunoglobulin treatment 1193 - immunotherapy 1255 - multiple organ failure 1109 - platelet activating factor 1229 - plasma endotoxin 843 - polymyxin B therapy 843 - scale for burns 843 - systemic vascular resistance (SVR) 1179 - therapy 1163, 1175 - TNF 254, 759 - transport system A (TSA-AA) 1030 septic shock 637, 795, 911, 1237 - cardiovascular failure 677 - E. coli model 796 - hemodialysis 622 - hepatic failure 493 serine proteases 313 serum amyloid-A protein (SAA) -mRNA 419 serum bactericidal mechanisms 981 serum suppressive activity 16 shock 24, 199, 881 - chelator/radical scavenger therapy 1266 - mediators 280

sial-Lex 292 sick cell syndrome 445 signal transduction 49, 50 SIN I 611 small volume resuscitation 832 - clinical application 838 - effect on the microcirculation 834 - hypertonic saline/dextran resuscitation 833 - operational mechanisms 837 - sepsis and endotoxin shock 836 sodium dodexylsulfate polyacrylamide gel elec-

trophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 324 soluble CD14 (sCDI4) 773 special nutrients - arginine 995 - impact 998 - osmolite HN 998 - polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUF A) 995 spl:mic cells - hemorrhage 151 streptococci cell wall fragments (SCW) 523 stress protein 677 striated muscle microcirculation 449 superior mesenteric artery (SMA) shock 539 superoxide anion (0 2 -) 300,423,954 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 517, 857, 1273,

1280 superoxide radical (SOR) 86, 517, 524

T-cell 359 - activation 558 - arginine 1105 - cimetidine 1099 - derived cytokine 557 - IL-l 558 - IL-2 560, 1099 - IL-4 560 - immunodeficiencies therapy 1097 - impaired responses 716 - indomethacin 1099 - levamisole 1099 -memory 562 - methyl inosine monophosphate (methyl-IMP)

1103 - monoclonal antibody to endotoxin 1100 - phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) 558 - polymyxin B 1100 - prolactin/growth hormone 1105 - proliferation 331 - receptor complex (CD3-Ti) 42, 355 - TCGF 1252,687 - T-helper 1 (Thl) 16 - T-helper 2 (Th2) 16 - thymopentin 1099 - TNF -alpha 559 - zinc 1105 t-PA 225 targeting vectors 550 - positive-negative selection 552

Subject Index 1295

TGF see transforming growth factor theophylline 609 therapeutic limitations -catalase (CAT) 1276 - SOD 1276 thermal injury see burn injury thrombomodulin 266 thrombosis - microvascular 264 thromboxane Al 192,200,235,297 - receptor antagonist 300 - synthese inhibitors 300 thromboxane B2 235, 297, 659, 812, 1234 thymic hormone preparations 1100 thymomimetic drugs - diethyldithiocarbamate 1102 - DTC-imuthiol 1103 - in burn patients 1154 - isoprinosine 1103 -Ievamisole 1102 - thymopentin (TP-5) 888, 1110, 1155 thymosin 1155 tissue repair 1045, 1083 TNF see tumor necrosis factor total enteral nutrition (TEN) 874 - acute phase proteins 875 - alpha-2 macroglobulin 875 - septic complications 875 - visceral protein markers 874 total parenteral nutrition (TPN) 387, 872 - acute phase proteins 875 - alpha-2 macroglobulin 875 - bacterial translocation 907 - mucosal atrophy 906 - septic complications 875 - visceral protein markers 874 toxic oxygen products 177 transcranial electro stimulation (TES) 380 transendothelial migration 434 transferrin receptor (TfR) 356 transforming growth factor (TGF) 524, 585,

637, 747, 749 - IFN-gamma 645 - IL-2 632 - IL-2R 632 -mRNA 631 - PGE2 644 - receptors 631 - T cell inhibition 631 - T cell regulation 629 - TNF -alpha 645 - wound healing 1046, 1052 translocation 153 - mesenteric lymph nodes 893 - possible alterations 923 transplant rejection 314 trauma 331, 1133 - animal models 1135 - morphologic changes 172

1296 Subject Index

~ sepsis 807 ~ shock 939, 835 ~ surgical 651 tuftsin 1155 ~ in burn patients 1154 tumor necrosis factor (TN F) 192, 267, 609,

737, 755, 767, 773, 811, 867 ~ antagonist 600 ~ antitumor activities 751 ~ circulating 699 ~ eicosanoids 759 ~ ELAM induction 205 ~ hemorrhage 153 ~ ICAM induction 205 ~ membrane associated 599 ~ MOF 901 ~ mortality 759 ~ other pro inflammatory cytokines 254 ~ PAF 759 ~ plasma half-life 700 ~ sepsis 572 ~ shock 572 ~ soluble receptor 599 ~ strenuous exercise 720 ~ systemic effects 702, 760 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) 55,

177,180,254,288,366,375,524,531,539,583, 613,625,637,655,705,727,747,911,1111

~ assay 1114 ~ cell-associated 638 ~ CPT -gene expression 535 ~ effects on neutrophils 728 ~ hepatocellular dysfunction 527 ~ HPA axis gene expression 681 ~ IL-2 production 560 ~ IL-2 receptor expression 560 ~ lung injury 238 ~ major surgery 665, 673

~ PGE 2 659 ~ secreted 641 ~ therapeutic use 1140 ~ vascular effects 571 ~ wound healing 1046 tumor necrosis factor receptors ~ signal transduction 601 ~ regulatory role 603 ~ sepsis 604 type-specific antiserum 803 ~ group B streptococcus 803

ulcerative colitis 699

vascular permeability 116 VCAM 583

whole body inflammation 174, 1126 wound 1043 - chronically nonhealing 1060 - fluid (WF) 1044 - immune alterations 1044 - immune suppression 1043, 1047 ~ influence of liver regeneration 1085 - inhibitory factor 1046 -leukocyte behaviour 1065 ~ management 1037 ~ model 1065 ~ neutrophil accumulation 1068 ~ pathophysiology 852 ~ repair 1051 - site immunological activity 1044

xanthine dehydrogenase xanthine oxidase (XO)

1271, 1279 ~ inhibitors 89

288 115, 288, 499, 883,