subjects for llm in criminal law

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Subjects for LLM in Criminal Law:

1. Research Methodology

2. Comparative Criminal Law

3. Human Rights and Criminal Justice

4. Cyber Crimes and Forensic Science

5. Criminology, Penology, Victimology

6. Women and Law

7. Juvenile Justice and white collar crimes

8. Dissertation.

Subjects for LLM in Corporate Law


2. Cross border Mergers and Acquisitions

3. Corporate Law

4. Competition Law

5. Laws of Infrastructure Development

6. Investment Law

7. Intellectual property Laws.

8. Dissertation

Subjects for LLM in Constitutional Law


2. Constitutional Law in India

3. Human Rights under Indian Constitution

4. Comparative Constitutional Law and Judicial Process

5. Administration of Criminal Justice

6. Constitutionalism: Pluralism and Federalism

7. National Security, Public Order and Rule of Law

8. Dissertation.

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SUBJECT: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODS & LEGAL WRITING

The main objective of this course is to acquaint the student of law with the scientific method of social

science research. This course is expected to provide the knowledge of the technique of selection,

collection and interpretation of primary and secondary data in socio legal research.

Emphasis would be laid on practical training in conducting research in this course. By the end of the

course the students are expected to develop a scientific approach to socio legal problems. They should be

able to design and execute small scale research problems. The practical skill in conducting research will

be evaluated on their performance in field research and workshops/seminars.

1. INTRODUCTION 2. a) The science of research and scientific methodology

3. b) Interrelation between speculation, fact and theory, building some fallacies of scientific

methodology with reference to socio legal research

4. c) Inter-disciplinary research and legal research models

5. d) Arm chair research vis-a-vis empirical research

6. e) Legal research-common law and civil law legal systems

7. RESEARCH DESIGN 8. a) Workable Hypothesis-formulation and evaluation

9. b) Major steps in research design

III. RESEARCH TECHNIQUES

1. a) Sampling

2. b) Survey and Case Study method

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3. c) Scaling and Content Analysis

1. RESEARCH TOOLS AND DATA PROCESSING 2. a) Observation

3. b) Interview and schedule

4. c) Questionnaire

5. d) Socio-metrics and jurimetrics

6. e) Data processing (deductions and Inductions) analysis and interpretation of data

7. f) Online Legal Research – Use of Electronic Databases

1. LEGAL WRITING 2. a) Report/Article writing & legal research

3. b) Use of definitions, maxims, concepts, principles, doctrines in legal research

4. c) Plagiarism & its consequences.

5. d) Citation methodology

6. e) Book review and case comments

Suggested Reading Materials for Reference

1. Robert Watt- Concise book on Legal Research

2. Good and Hatt- Research Methodology

3. Pauline Young- Research Methodology

4. Earl Babbie- Research Methodology

5. Stott D.-Legal Research

6. Robert Watt and Francis Johns- Concise Legal Research

7. S.K. Verma&Afzal Wani- Legal Research Methodology

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SUBJECT: COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW

LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW

OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE

The objectives of this course are:

1. To understand the conditions under which individuals should be held morally and legally responsible for their (criminal) actions; 2. To understand whether or not there are any "fundamental principles" which underlie all criminal justice systems; 3. To understand the issues concerning the merits or otherwise of codification in both the common law and the civil law, the basic characteristics of criminal procedure under the inquisitorial and the adversarial systems, be aware of the relationship between substantive criminal law and criminal procedure in relation to issues such as the principles of territoriality, equality before the law including the right to a fair trial, and the right to legal representation in the civil and common law systems; 4. In-depth knowledge of the theoretical and practical international instruments for the prevention and punishment of international and transnational crimes as well as of acts of terrorism. This includes a real time analysis of the activities of the international criminal jurisdictions: international criminal tribunals, International Criminal Court and special courts; 5. Understanding the difference and similarities between various systems administering Criminal Justice. 6. To understand specific competencies in the field of International Criminal Law;

TEACHING METHODOLOGY As per the norms of the university there will be 4 theory classes per week. Teaching Methodology will include Lecture-cum-

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case discussion, CRE, Assignments / Projects, and Presentations.

THE EVALUATION SYSTEM

• Continuous Assessment. 30 %

• Projects 20%

• End Term 50 %

COURSE OUTLINE

MODULE 1: - LEGAL CULTURES AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICE

• Common Law

• Civil Law

• Socialist Law ,

• Islamic Law

Recommended Readings:

1. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003 2. M.A. Dupont-Morales, Michael K Hooper & Judi Schmidt (eds), Handbook of Criminal Justice

administration, Marcel Dekker Publishers, New York, 2001 3. Tim Newburn and Richard Sparks (eds), Criminal Justice and Political Cultures, Willan Pub.,

Cullompton, 2004 4. Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, Penguin Pub., London,2006 5. Alison Liebling and Shad Maruna (eds), The Effects of Imprisonment, Willan Pub., Cullompton,2006

Articles:

1. David F. Forte, Comparative Criminal Law and Enforcement: Islam, Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, New York, 2002 pp. 192-199 2. US Department of Justice, World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington DC, 1993

MODULE 2 ASPECTS OF COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL POLICY

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Systems of Administration of Criminal Justice (Adversarial & Inquisitorial)

Policing and Prosecution

Trials and Sentencing

Use of Imprisonment

Probation and Community Punishment


1. Charles B. Fields and Richter H. Moore, Comparative and International Criminal Justice: Traditional and Nontraditional Systems of Law and Control, 2nd Edition, Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove Illinois, 2005

2. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003

3. M.A. Dupont-Morales, Michael K Hooper & Judi Schmidt (eds), Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration, Marcel Dekker Publishers, New York, 2001 4. Tim Newburn and Richard Sparks (eds), Criminal Justice and Political Cultures, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2004 5. Peter J. Koppen and Steven D. Penrod (eds), Adversarial versus Inquisitorial Justice: Psychological Perspectives on Criminal Justice Systems, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003

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Articles:

1. M. Anderson, policing the World: Interpol and the Politics of International Police Co-Operation, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989 2. J. Vagg, Context and Linkage: Reflections on Comparative Research and 'Internationalism' in Criminology, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 33, 1993, pp. 541-554

MODULE - 3 - GLOBAL CRIMES

• Controlling Transnational Crime

• War Crimes

• Terrorism

• International Law and Crime

Recommended Readings: 1. Harry R. Dammer and Erika Fairchild, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems, 3rd Edition, Wadsworth/Thomas Learning, Belmont California, 2006 2. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003

Articles:

1. M. Vadanis, The Terrorism Exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Forward Leaning Legislation or Just Bad Law, 5 UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affair, 2000, pp. 199-201 2. E.S. Kopelman, Ideology and International Law: The Dissent of the Indian Justice at the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, 23 NYUJ, Journal of International Law and Policy, 1991 p. 37

MODULE - 4 - COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW

• Penal Code of United Kingdom (England & Wales)

• Penal Code of United States

• Criminal Procedure of United Kingdom (England & Wales)

• Criminal Procedure of United States

Recommended Readings::

1. George F. Cole, Stanislaw J. Frankowski and Marc G. Gertz (eds.), Major Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey, 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California, 1987 2. Delmas Marty, Mireille and J.R. Spencer, European Criminal Procedures, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2002 3. John Hatchard, Barabara Huber and Richard Vogler (eds.), Comparative Criminal Procedure, BIICL, London, 1996

Articles:

1. Malcom Davies, Comparative Criminal Law and Enforcement: England and Wales, Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, New York, 2002 pp. 182-192 2. Nancy Loucks, Contrasting Prisoners Rights: A Comparative Examination of England and Germany, Br. J. Criminal, 45: 999-1001, 2004 p. 289 3. Trevor Jones and Tim Newburn, Comparative Criminal Justice Policy - Making in the US and UK, Br. J. Criminal, 45:55-80,2005

MODULE - 5 - INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW

• Sources of International Criminal Law

• Principles of International Criminal Law

• International Criminal Court

• International Tribunals

Recommended Readings: 1. Ilias Bantekas & Susan Nath, International Criminal Law, 2nd Edition, Cavendish Publication London, 2003 2. Keith Bryett and Osborne, Criminal Prosecution, Procedure and Practice: International

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Perspectives, Stationery Office, Belfast, 2000

Articles:

1. Louise Mallinder, Transforming International Criminal Justice: Retributive and Restorative Justice in the Trial Process, Br. J. Criminal, 46:155-157, 2005, p. 448 2. Declan Roche, Truth Commission Amensties and the International Criminal Court, British Journal of Criminology, 45:565-581, 2005

Case Laws:

1. Prosecutor v. Blaskic, Decision of Trial Chamber I, ICC, (1997) 110 ILR 607

2. Prosecutor v. Karadzic and Mladic, (1996), 108 ILR 86

MODULE - 6 - INTERSTATE CO-OPERATION ON CRIMINAL MATTERS

• Extradition

• Mutual Legal Assistance

• Police Cooperation

• Assets Recovery

Recommended Readings: 1. Ilias Bantekas & Susan Nath, International Criminal Law, 2nd Edition, Cavendish Publishish, London, 2003 2. M. Anderson, Policing the World: Interpol and the Politics of International Police Cooperation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989 3. Keith Bryett and Peter Osborne, Criminal Prosecution, Procedure and Practice: International Perspectives, Stationery Office, Belfast, 2000

Articles:

1. Stefano Betti, New Prospects for Inter-State Cooperation in Criminal Matters: The Palermo Convention, International Criminal Law Review, Vol. 3 No.2, 2003 pp. 151-167 2. A Bossard, Interpol and Law Enforcement: Response to Transnational Crime, 11 Police Studies, (1998), 177

PROJECT TOPICS:

1. Control of transnational crime. 2. Terrorism in India. 3. Terrorist organizations of Asia. 4. Rigorous imprisonment in different jurisdictions. 5. Simple imprisonment in different jurisdictions. 6. Relevance of Islamic law in modern society. 7. Implementation of law in civil law countries. 8. Implementation of law in common law countries. 9. Advantages of retaining capital punishment. 10. Disadvantages of retaining capital punishment.

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SUBJECT: CRIMINOLOGY, PENOLOGY & VICTIMOLOGY

LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW

INTRODUCTION

Crime and the threat of victimization are inescapable realities of contemporary society. Crime is so

commonplace that prevention and security measures are viewed as natural and necessary precautions in

both public and private life. A considerable and growing percentage of public resources are allocated for

juvenile delinquency prevention initiatives, law enforcement training and technology, corrections,

substance abuse treatment and numerous other aspects of criminal justice.

OBJECTIVES

This course of Crime and Punishment would (a) attempt to answer such queries of the human mind

and afford explanations to criminal behaviour and reactions to crime.

(b) It is an ongoing study with numerous researches and surveys been conducted all over the world

to find the most suitable explanation of criminality and criminal behaviour, nevertheless, there is no final

answer, which will be examined.

(c ) Concern for the Victims of crime would be another facet of the study of the subject with

emphasis on concepts of restorative justice, compensatory jurisprudence and rehabilitative techniques.


• Continuous Assessment 30%

• Project 20%

• End Term Test 50%

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COURSE OUTLINE

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION: CRIMES AND CRIMINOLOGY

Notions of Crime

Who is the Criminal

Criminology-Nature and Scope, whether criminology is a science?

Current Trends in Criminology


1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7th Edition, Wadsworth Pub.. Australia 1999, pp. 4, 23

2. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 3ld Edition, Universal Law Pub., New Delhi 1997,

pp. 6 - 43

3. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, lsl Edition, Willian Pub., USA 2000, pp

6-15

4. John Salmond, Jurisprudence: Responsibility and Criminal Liability, llth Edition, Sweet and

Maxwell Publication. London, 1989

Articles :

1. Greg Mantle, Darrell Fox and Mandeep K. Dhami, Restorative Justice and Three

Individual Theories of Crime,

http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Mantle visited on 21st September, 2007

2. Barbara Perry, Where do we go from here: Researching Hate Crime,

http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Where, visited on 21st September, 2007

3. G. Bensinger, Hate Crime - A New/Old Problem, Vol. 16 International Journal of Comparative

and Applied Criminal Justice, (1992) p. 115

Case Laws:

• State ofMadhya Pradesh v. Chotelal, AIR 1959 MP 203

• Jai Lai v.Delhi Administration, AIR 1969 SC 15

• R. v. Clarke, (1972) 1 All. E. R. 21

MODULE 2: INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO

CRIME

PART 1 – BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM

Classical Theories of Criminology

Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham

Neo Classical Perspectives

Rossi, Garraud, Joly

Biological Trait Theory

Cesare Lombroso, Rafaele Garafelo, Enrico Ferri


7th

http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Mantle

http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Where

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1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7 ' Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 146-155

2. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theory, 1st Edition, Lawman India Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi 2001, Chapter 5 pp. 54 - 76

3. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, 1st Edition, Willian Pub., USA 2000, pp

26-54

Articles:

1. M. S. Hoghughi and A. R. Forrest, Eysenck's Theory of Criminality: An Examination with

Approved School Boys, Vol. 10 British Journal of Criminology (1970), p. 240

2. R. O. Pihl, Hair Element Levels of Violent Criminals, Vol. 27 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

(1982), p. 533

Case Laws:

• Bachchan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898

• Bachan Singh, Sher Singh & Anr., and Ujagar Singh & Anr. V. State of Punjab & Ors.,

AIR 1982 SC 1325

PART 2 - PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES.

Psychoanalytic Explanation of Crime

Freud

Behavioural Approach to Criminality

Pavlov, Skinner, Eyesench

Cognitive Approach

Tolman, Piaget, Kohlberg

Intelligence and Crime

Goddard, Hirshi, Hindclang

Mental Disorder and Crime

Neuroses, Psychosis


1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7th Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 162-176

2. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theory, Is Edition, Lawman India Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi 2001, Chapter 6, pp. 77 - 95

3. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, Vx Edition, Willian Pub., USA 2000, pp

26 -54

4. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 3K Edition, Universal Law

Pub., New Delhi 1997, Chapter 10 pp. 272-304

Articles:

1. Alan Little, Professor Eysenck's Theory of Crime: An Empirical Test on Adolescent Offenders,

Vol. 4 British Journal of Criminology (1964), p. 152

2. G Macdonald, B. Sheldon, and J. Gillespie, Contemporary Studies of Effectiveness of

Social Work, Vol. 22 British Journal of Social Work (1992), p. 615.

Case Laws:

• Deena alias Deen Dayal & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors., AIR 1983 SC 1155

• P. Rathinam/ Nagbhusan Patnaik v. Union of India & Anr., AIR1994SC1844

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MODULE 3: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACHES TO CRIME

Anomie Theory, Durkeim, Merton

Differential Association Theory Sutherland

Social Disorganization Theory, Shaw & Mackay

Labelling Theory, Cooley, Mead, Blumer, Becker

Biosocial Theory

Control Theory

Individual Control

Control Balance

Community Based Control

Evaluation of Control Theories

Conflict Theory

Karl Marx, Bonger, Ralf, Dahrendorf, Void, Quinney

Environmental Criminology


1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 1{ Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 220-262


Ltd., New Delhi 2001, pp. 97 - 172

3. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 31 Edition. Universal Law Pub., New Delhi

1997, Chapter 15, pp. 438-461

Articles:

1. Roger Hopkins Burke and Ed Pollock, A Tale of Two Anomies,

http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Hopkins, visited on 21st September, 2007

2. S. Stack, Income Inequality and Property Crime, Vol. 22 Criminology (1984), p. 229

3. Original Writings of Karl Marx,

http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/marx.htm, visited on 28th October, 2007

Case Laws:

• Maru Ram & Ors. v. Union of India, AIR 1980 SC 2147

MODULE 4: FACTORS ENHANCING CRIMINALITY

Drug, Alcohol and Crime

Media Influences

Politics and Crime

Youth and Criminality

Race, Culture and Gender

Reading Material:


2. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3r Edition, Oxford Univ

Pres, New York 2002. pp. 376 - 406; 532 - 609

Articles:

1. Richard V. Erickson, Mass Media, Crime, Law and Justice, Vol. 31 British Journal of

Criminology (1991), p. 219

http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Hopkins

http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/marx.htm

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2. Howard Parker, Young Adult Offenders, Alcohol and Criminological Cul-de-sacs, Vol. 36 British

Journal of Criminology (1996), p. 282

Case Laws:

• Pearson v. R., (1835) 168 All ER 1108

• Manindra Lai Das v. Emperor, AIR 1937 Cal 432

• Jethuram Sukhra Nagbanshi v. State ofMadhya Pradesh, AIR 1960 MP 242

• Patrick Okeke v. State, (1966) All NLR 275 (Decided by Supreme Court of Nigeria)

• R. v. Tandi, (1989) All ER 267 (AC)

MODULE 5: FEMALE PERSPECTIVES.

Female Criminality

Lombroso

Cowie, Slater, Pollack

Thomas, Talcott Parsons

Feminist Critique of Traditional Criminology

Feminist Criminology

Carol Smart, Maureen Cain and Susan Sharp

Reading Material:

1. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theoiy, V Edition, Lawman India

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 2001, pp. 158-170

2. Kerry Carrington and Russel Hogg, Critical Criminology, V1 Edition, Willan Publishing

House, UK 2002, pp. 114 -1 37

Articles :

1. Bruce Di Cristina, Durkheim's Latent Theory of Gender and Homicide, Vol. 26 British

Journal of Criminology (2006), p. 212

2. Carol Smart, The New Female Criminal: Reality or Myth, Vol. 19 British Journal of

Criminology (1979), p. 50

MODULE 6: WHITE COLLAR AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Nature and definition

Types of White collar crimes

Components of white collar crimes

Characteristics and activities of white collar crimes

Controlling organized crimes

NN Vohra Committee report

Corporate crime

Reading Material:

1. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 31 Edition, Oxford

Univ Pres, New York 2002, pp. 844 - 871

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2. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 711 Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 384-409

Case Laws:

• Provident Investment Company v. Income Tax Commissioner, AIR 1954 Bom. 95

• C. S. Bansal v. Delhi Administration, (1963) 2 Cr. LJ 439 (SC)

• R. K. Garg v. Union of India, (1981) 133 ITR 239

• R. S. Nayak v. A. R. Antulay, AIR 1984 SC 684

• P. V. Narsimharao v. State, AIR 1998 SC 2001

MODULE 7: REACTIONS TO CRIME

Penology - Meaning, Nature & Scope

Theories of Punishment - Expiative, Deterrent, Retributive, Reformative

Types of Punishment - Fine, Imprisonment, Capital Sentence, Solitary Confinement,

Transportation & Juvenile Delinquency


1. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3IC Edition, Oxford

Univ Pres, New York 2002, pp. 1076 - 1105

2. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4l Edition, Eastern Book

Co. Lucknow 1997, pp 110 - 262

3. N. V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology, 12lh Edition, Central Law Publications,

Allahabad 2005, pp 485 - 523

Articles:

1. Janine Sanger, Electronic Curfew Orders and Juvenile Offenders, Vol. 79

Indian Police Journal (2006) p. 29

Case Laws:

• Jagmohan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1973) 1 SCC 20

• Ediga Anamma v. State ofAP, (1974) 4 SCC 443

• Rajendra Prasad v. State of UP, AIR 1979SC 916


• Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1983 SC 957

• Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, 1994 SCC (Cri) 899

• Swami Shraddhanand v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2008 SC 3040

MODULE 8: CHANGING NOTIONS OF PENAL POLICY

Probation

Parole

Corrective Services

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Community Service

Other Alternatives

Reading Material:

1. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3r Edition, Oxford Univ

Pres, New York 2002, pp. 1168 - 1195

2. N. V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology, 12th Edition, Central Law Publications,

Allahabad 2005, pp 424 - 437, pp 439 - 481

Articles :

1. F. W. Grinel, The Common Law History of Probation, Vol. 32 Journal of

Criminal Law (1941), p. 15

Case Laws:

• Ramji Missar v. State of Bihar, AIR 1963 SC 1088

• Jagdev Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1973 SC 2427

• Ram Naresh Pandey v. State of MP, (1974) 3 SCC 30

• Musa Khan v. State of Maharashtra, 1976 Cr. LJ 1987 (SC)

MODULE 9: POLICING AND THE POLICE

Administration

Role & Functions

Police & Public

Accountability in Performance

Reading Material:

1. N. V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology, 12th Edition, Central Law Publications, Allahabad

2005, pp 424 - 437, pp 280-316

2. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4l Edition, Eastern Book Co.

Lucknow 1997, pp 277-317

Articles:

1. Nigel G. Fielding and Jane Fielding, Police Attitudes to Crime and Punishment, Vol. 31

British Journal of Criminology (1991), p. 39-53

2. Rajvir Sharma, Prevention of Crime and Community Policing in India: An Empirical

Evaluation of the Strategies and Practices of Delhi Police, Vol. 79 Indian Police Journal

(2006), p. 43

Case Laws:

• Rajni Kanta v. State of Orissa, 1975 CrLJ 83

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• Mohammad Giasuddin v. State of AndhraPradesh,

(1978) 1 SCR 153.

MODULE 10: CORRECTIONS

Prison System in India

Problems & Concerns

Prioners' Rights

Open Peno Correctional Institutions

Reading Material:

1. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4 Edition,

Eastern Book Co. Lucknow 1997, pp 142 - 192

Case Laws:

• M. H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra, (1978) 3 SCC 544

• Sunil Batra v. Delhi Adm. (1978) 4 SCC 494

• Sunil Batra v. Delhi Adm. (1980) 3 SCC 488

• Sher Singh v. State of Punjab (1983) 2 SCC 344

• Boddisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty AIR 1996 SC 922

• Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das - Manu/SC/0046/2000

• State of Andhra Pradesh v. Challa Ramakrishna Reddy, AIR 2000 SC 2083

• Hiralal Mullick v. State of Bihar, AIR 1977 SC 2236

MODULE 11: VICTIMOLOGY

Problems of Crime Victims and types of victims

Victims* Right within Criminal Justice System

Caring for the victim

Compensation to victim

Rehabilitation of victim or victims" family


1. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 3ld Edition, Universal Law Pub., New Delhi

1997, pp. 98-139

2. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4l Edition, Eastern Book

Co. Lucknow 1997, pp 504-522

Articles :

1. B. Bowling, Racial Harassment and the Process of Victimization, Vol. 33British Journal

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of Criminology (1993), p. 231-250

2. J. McDevitt, Consequences for Victims: A Comparison of Bias and Non-Bias Motivated Assualt,

Vol. 45 (4) American Behavioral Scientist (2001), pp. 697

3. L.E. Cohen and Felsho, Social Inequality and Predatory Criminal Victimization: An

Exposition and Test of a Formal Theory, Vol. 44 American Sociological Review, (1979) pp.

588-608

Cases:

• Boddisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty AIR 1996 SC 922

• Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das - Manu/SC/0046/2000

PROJECT TOPICS

1. Actuarialism: New Penology

2. Emergence of Alienism in Criminology

3. Jeremy Bentham Contributions' to Criminological Studies

4. Anomie: State of Discontent and Deregulation

5. Alcohol and Crime

6. Blasphemy as a Crime

7. Critical Appraisal ofLombrosian Theory

8. Psychology and Criminology

9. Criminology, Culture and Public Life

10. Comparative Criminal Justice between US, Europe and India

11. Social Construction of Crime and Crime Control

12. Classical Studies in Victimology

13. Gender and Crime

14. The Social Exclusion Paradigm and Criminology

15. Environmental Criminology

16. Community Change and Crime

17. Attitudes of Violence and Socio Legal Constructions of Blame

18. White Collar Crime - Is it really a crime?

19. Critical Evaluation of'MCOCA

20. Critical Evaluation of POTA — Does India need such Act?

21. Reactions to Crime

22. Policing Beyond Government

23. Indian Criminal Law and Sentencing

24. Sentencing Reforms

25. Emergence of Modern Prison and Use of Imprisonment

26. Indian Police System - A critical appraisal

27. Prison Services in India

28. Sociological Theory of Crime

29. Feminism and Criminology

30. Comparative Criminal Justice

31. The History of Crime and Control Institutions

32. Crime Statistics: Data Explosion and its implications

33. Media made criminality: Representation of Crime in the mass media

34. Best Bakery Case — Critical appraisal from Criminological Point of view

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35. Gender and Crime

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III

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SUBJECT: HUMAN RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Module-1:Theoretical Foundations of Human Rights and International Law

Basic principles : sovereign equality of states - non-intervention - non use of force

- international co-operation - peaceful settlement of disputes

Individuals as subjects of international law

State jurisdiction on terrorism, hijacking, narcotics, war crimes and crimes

against peace

Treatment of aliens

Module-2: Historical development of the concept of human rights

Human rights in Indian tradition : ancient, medieval and modern

Human rights in Western tradition

➢ Concept of natural law

➢ Concept of natural rights

➢ Human rights in legal tradition: International Law and National Law

Module-3: UN and Human Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) - individual and group rights

Covenant on Political and Civil Rights (1966)

Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

I L O and other Conventions and Protocols dealing with human rights

Solidarity rights

Disarmament: threat to human rights

International HR Commission

➢ Mandates to States

Right to development

Module-4: Role of Regional Organizations

European Convention on Human Rights

American Convention on Human Rights

African Convention on Human Rights

SAARC

Module-5: Protection agencies and mechanisms

International Commission of Human Rights

➢ Amnesty International

➢ Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

European Commission on Human Rights/Court of Human Rights.

U.N. Division of Human Rights

International Labour Organization

UNESCO

UNICEF

Module-6: Impact and implementation of international human rights norms in India

Human rights norms reflected in fundamental rights in the Constitution

Directive Principles: legislative and administrative implementation of

international human rights norms

Implementation of international human rights norms through judicial process

Moule-7: Enforcement of Human Rights in India

Role of courts: the Supreme Court, High Courts and other courts

Statutory commissions- human rights, women's, minority and backward class


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Suggested Readings:

1. S.K.Avesti and R.P.Kataria, Law Relating to Human Rights, Chh IV, V, VIII, XIV,

XXIX and XXXIX

(2000) Orient, New Delhi

2. S.K.Varma, Public International Law (1998), Prentice-Hall, New Delhi

3. Peter J. Van Kricken (ed.), The Exclusion on Clause (1999), Kluwer

4. Human Rights Watch Women's Rights Project, The Human Rights Watch Global

Report on Women's Human Rights (2000), Oxford

5. Ermacora, Nowak and Tretter, International Human Rights (1993), Sweet & Maxwell.

6. Wallace, International Human Rights: Text & Materials (1996), Sweet & Maxwell

7. Muntarbhorn, The Status of Refugees in Asia (1992), Oxford.

8. Human Rights and Global Diversity (2001), Frank Cass, London

9. Nirmal.C.J. (ed.), Human Rights in India (2000), Oxford

10. Nirmal.B.C., The Right to Self determination in International Law (1995), Deep &

Deep. 11.P.R.Gandhi, International Human Rights Documents (1999) Universal, Delhi.

SUBJECT: JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WHITE COLLAR CRIMES:

LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the Course are to (a) create an overview about Juvenile Justice and White Collar

Crimes in India.

(b) examine the Juvenile Delinquency Act and the Juvenile Justice Act

(c ) examine the different types of White Collar Crimes in India.

Module 1 – Introduction to Juvenile Justice in India

Module 2 – Juvenile Delinquency Act, 1986

Module 3 – Juvenile Justice Board, Special Homes and Observation Homes

Module 4 – New changes in the Juvenile Justice Act 2000.

Module 5 – White Collar crimes

Module 6 – NDPS Act

Module 7 – Prevention of Money Laundering in India

Module 8 – Laws against Food Adulteration in India

Books and References:

1. Manish Dwivedi, Juvenile Justice System in India, Adhyayan Publishers & Distributors; 1

edition (1 November 2011)

2. Ved Kumari, The Juvenile Justice System in India: From Welfare to Rights, Oxford

University Press, 2004.

3. Dr Souvik Chatterji, Law of Crimes with an introduction to Criminology, Penology and

Victimology, Thomson Reuters, South Asian Publication, 1st Edition, 2017.


3

SUBJECT: WOMEN AND LAW

LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW

Chapter 1 -Constitutional Provisions and Privileges

(i) Equality before law for women (Article 14)

(ii) The State not to discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex,

place of birth or any of them (Article 15 (i))

(iii) The State to make any special provision in favour of women and children (Article 15 (3))

(iv) Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any

office under the State (Article 16)

(v) The State to direct its policy towards securing for men and women equally the right to an adequate

means of livelihood (Article 39(a)); and equal pay for equal work for both men and women (Article

39(d))

(vi) To promote justice, on a basis of equal opportunity and to provide free legal aid by suitable

legislation or scheme or in any other way to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not

denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities (Article 39 a)

(vii) The State to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity

relief (Article 42)

(viii) The State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker

sections of the people and to protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation (Article

46)

(ix) The State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people (Article 47)

(x) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India and to

renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women (Article 51(A) (e))

(xi) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the

Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election

in every Panchayat to be reserved for women and such seats to be allotted by rotation to different

constituencies in a Panchayat (Article 243 D(3))

http://indiankanoon.org/doc/367586/




http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/608806/










4

(xii) Not less than one- third of the total number of offices of Chairpersons in the Panchayats at each

level to be reserved for women (Article 243 D (4))

(ix) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the

Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election

in every Municipality to be reserved for women and such seats to be allotted by rotation to different

constituencies in a Municipality (Article 243 T (3))

(x) Reservation of offices of Chairpersons in Municipalities for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled

Tribes and women in such manner as the legislature of a State may by law provide (Article 243 T (4))

Chapter 2 - Laws relating to women

Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987

Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1983

Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961

Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956

Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986

National Commission for Women Act, 1990

Prohibition of Sexual Harassment of Women at the Workplace Bill, 2010

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

Chapter 3 - Laws relating to working women

Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1976

Employees State Insurance Act, 1948

Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

Factories (Amendment) Act, 1948

Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Amended in 1995)

Plantation Labour Act, 1951

Chapter 4 - Laws relating to marriage & divorce

Anand Marriage Act, 1909

Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937

Births, Deaths & Marriages Registration Act, 1886

Bangalore Marriages Validating Act, 1936

Converts’ Marriage Dissolution Act, 1866

Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939

Family Courts Act, 1984

Foreign Marriage Act, 1969

Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

Hindu Marriages (Validation of Proceedings) Act, 1960

Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872

Indian Divorce Act, 1869

Indian Divorce Amendment Bill, 2001

Indian Matrimonial Causes (War Marriages) Act, 1948

Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001

Marriages Validation Act, 1892

Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986

Parsi Marriage & Divorce Act, 1936

Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006




http://wcd.nic.in/commissionofsatiprevention.htm

http://www.498a.org/contents/amendments/Act%2046%20of%201983.pdf

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-Dowry-Prohibition-Act-1961.htm

http://wcd.nic.in/act/itpa1956.htm

http://wcd.nic.in/irwp.htm

http://wcd.nic.in/ncwact.pdf

http://ncw.nic.in/PDFFiles/sexualharassmentatworkplacebill2005_Revised.pdf

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/domestic-violence/domestic-violence-act-2005.htm

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/contractlabouract/contractlabouract.htm

http://esic.nic.in/act.htm

http://pblabour.gov.in/pdf/acts_rules/equal_remuneration_act_1976.pdf

http://pblabour.gov.in/pdf/acts_rules/factories_act_1948.pdf

http://pblabour.gov.in/pdf/acts_rules/maternity_benefit_act_1961.pdf

http://teaboard.gov.in/pdf/policy/Plantations%20Labour%20Act_amended.pdf

http://indiacode.nic.in/rspaging.asp?tfnm=190907

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/Arya-Marriage-Validation-Act-1937.htm

http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/THE%20BIRTHS,%20DEATHS%20AND%20MARRIAGES%20REGISTRATION%20ACT,%201886


http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/THE%20CONVERTS%20MARRIAGE%20DISSOLUTION%20ACT,%201866

http://www.vakilno1.com/saarclaw/pakistan/dissolution_of_muslim_marriages_act.htm

http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/THE%20FAMILY%20COURTS%20ACT,%201984

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/foreignmarriageact/foreignmarriageact.htm

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/hindumarriageact/hindumarriageact.htm


http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_christian_marriage_act_1872.pdf

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indiandivorceact/indiandivorceact.htm

http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_divorce_amendment_act_2001.pdf

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/Matrimonial-Causes-War-Marriages-Act-1948.htm

http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/marriage_laws_amendment_act_2001.pdf


http://www.gujhealth.gov.in/images/pdf/legis/muslim-women-protectn-of-rts-on-divorce-act-1986.pdf

http://www.aalilegal.org/image/rtc/THE%20PARSI%20MARRIAGE%20AND%20DIVORCE%20ACT%5B1%5D.pdf

http://wcd.nic.in/cma2006.pdf


5

Special Marriages Act, 1954

Chapter 5 - Laws relating to maintenance

The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973:

Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents under section 125

Procedure to be followed under section 125

Alteration in allowance under section 125

Enforcement of the order of maintenance

Chapter 6 - Laws relating to abortion

Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971

Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994

Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2001

Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2002

Chapter 7 - Laws relating to property, succession, inheritance, guardianship & adoption

Guardians & Wards Act, 1890

Hindu Adoptions & Maintenance Act, 1956

Hindu Inheritance (Removal of Disabilities) Act, 1928

Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956

Hindu Succession Act, 1956

Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005

Indian Succession Act, 1925

Indian Succession (Amendment) Act, 2002

Married Women’s Property Act, 1874

Married Women’s Property (Extension) Act, 1959

Chapter 8 - Offences against women and children in the Indian Penal Code

The Indian Penal Code, 1860

Abandoning of child under 12 years of age

Adultery

Assault or criminal force to a woman with intent to outrage her modesty

Buying minor for purpose of prostitution

Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide

Causing miscarriage or miscarriage without the woman’s consent

Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage

Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body

Concealment of former marriage

Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage

Dowry death

Enticing, detaining or taking away with criminal intent a married woman

Fraudulent marriage ceremony without lawful marriage

Husband or relative of a husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty

Importation of girl from foreign country

Intercourse by man with his wife during separation

Intercourse by a member of management or staff of a hospital with any woman in that hospital

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/specialmarriageact/specialmarriageact.htm






http://bhind.nic.in/Sparsh_MTP-Act-1971.pdf

http://mahilaayog.maharashtra.gov.in/new/pdf/pndt-%20act.pdf

http://www.womenstudies.in/elib/legal_resources/lr_the_prenatal.pdf

http://www.medindia.net/indian_health_act/pre-natal-diagnostic-techniques-amendment-act-2002-definitions.htm

http://wcd.nic.in/gawaact.htm

http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/hadoptact(1).htm

http://sdobishnupur.gov.in/Acts%20and%20Rules/Dictionery/0808.pdf

http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/hminoract(1).htm

http://www.gujhealth.gov.in/images/pdf/legis/hindu-succession-act-1956.pdf

http://www.hrln.org/admin/issue/subpdf/HSA_Amendment_2005.pdf

http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_succession_act_1925.pdf

http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_succession_amendment_act_2002.pdf

http://www.womenstudies.in/elib/legal_resources/lr_the_married_women.pdf

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-Married-Womens-Property-Extension-Act-1959.htm

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/indianpenalcode.htm

http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S497.htm



http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S498A.htm


6

Intercourse by public servant with a woman in his custody

Intercourse by superintendent of jail, remand home, etc

Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage

Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage

Marrying again during lifetime of spouse (Also see here)

Preventing a child from being born alive or causing its death after birth

Procreation of minor girl

Rape

Selling minor for purpose of prostitution

Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman

Bare Acts:

The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986.

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.

The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.

Suggested Readings:

1. Indian Penal Code- Ralanlal Dhirajlal-Wadhwa

2. SITA (Supression of Immoral Trafficking in Women)

3. Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – Dr. Preeti Mishra

4. Vishaka’s Case, Chandrima Das Case.

5. Indira Jaising, Hand book on law of Domestic Violence.

6. Lawyers collective, Law relating to sexual harassment at work place- Universal Delhi.

7. Krishna Pal Malik, Women & Law, Allahabad Law Agency

8. Manjula Batra,Women and Law, Allahabad Law Agency.




http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S366A.htm



7

COURSE – CYBER CRIME AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW

CYBER LAW - SYLLABUS:

Module 1 - Cyber Crimes and Cyber Laws- Introduction to IT laws & Cyber Crimes – Internet, Hacking, Cracking, Viruses, Virus Attacks,

Pornography, Software Piracy, Intellectual property, Legal System of Information Technology, Social

Engineering, Mail Bombs, Bug Exploits, Cyber Crime Investigation and Cyber Security etc…

Module 2 - Cyber Crime Investigation-

Introduction to Cyber Crime Investigation, Cyber Forensics, Investigation Tools, eDiscovery, Digital

Evidence Collection, Evidence Preservation, E-Mail Investigation, E-Mail Tracking, IP Tracking, E-

Mail Recovery, Encryption and Decryption methods, Search and Seizure of Computers, Cyber

Forensics Tools and Softwares, Recovering deleted evidences, Password Cracking etc...

Module 3 – 6 principles of Forensic Science

Module 4 – DNA and Indian Evidence Act

Module 5 – NDPS Act and Poisons

Module 6 – Fire Arms and Explosives.

Books :

BR Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Universal Law Publishers.

SUBJECT: COMPETITION LAW

LLM IN CORPORATE LAW

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the Course are to (a) create an overview about Competition law in India,

(b) examine the anticompetitive practices in India and abroad,

(c ) examine the abuse of dominant practices in India and abroad,

(d) examine the combinations taking place in India and outside India.


Continuous Assessment. 30 %

Projects 20%


8

End Term 50 %

COURSE OUTLINE

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION 9 CLASSES

Anti-trust issues in India

Background of MRTP Act, 1969

Requirement of new competition regime in India.

Enactment of the new Competition Act in India.


1. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006, pages 1 to 25.

2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University

Press, India, pages 1- 20.

3. Abir Roy and Jayant Kumar, Competition Law in India, Eastern Law House, 2008.

4. Peritz Rudolph J.R., Competition Policy in America: History, Rhetoric, Law. 1st Edition, New York: Oxford


5. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, 2nd Edition, 2017, Allahabad Law

Agency, Law Publishers India, ISBN -978 – 81 -909484 -9 -4.

Case Laws:

1. Sarabhai Chemicals P. Ltd. and another, in re, (1979) 49 Comp. Cas 145 MRTPC. (Case on RTP)

2. International Salt Co. v. United States, 332 US 392 (1947). (Case on tying arrangement)

MODULE 2: ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS 15 CLASSES

Definitions

What are anticompetitive agreements?

Different types of anti-competitive agreements.

Treatment of such agreements under MRTP Act and Competition Act.

Relevant market.

Relevant product and geographical market.

Entry barriers

Cartels.

Punishments under the Competition Act, 2002, as amended by the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2007.


1. Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006, pages 60 to 100.


Press, India, 2007, pages 60 -90.



4. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, 2nd Edition, 2017, Allahabad Law

Agency, Law Publishers India, ISBN -978 – 81 -909484 -9 -4.

Articles:

1. “Efficacy of Jefferson Parish Hospital Case in preventing Exclusive Contracts and Exclusive Dealings”, Dr. Souvik

Chatterji, Company Cases, Volume 178 (1), Part 7 1, 10th May 2013, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., A Journal

For Finance & Legal Professionals and Corporate Executives, pages 13 to 15.


9

Case Laws:

1. Brown Shoe Co. Inc. v. US, 370 US 294 (1962). (Case on anti-competitive effect of two merging companies.

2. Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association, (2002) 6 SCC. (Case on predatory pricing)

3. DG (IR) v. Suotomo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan and others, 2004 CTJ 26 (MRTP) (Case on cartel)

4. Albion Water Ltd v. Water Services Regulation Authority, CA 1665, (2008) Bus LR (Case on Anti-competitive

effect of acquisition of local bus company)

5. Attheraces Ltd v. British Horseracing Board Ltd, (2007) Bus LR, CA D77 (Anti-competitive activity)

6. Quantas Airways and Orangester Investments Holdings, re, 2007 SG CCS 2 (Case related to examination of

economic benefit of a transaction)

7. Price Fixing in Bus Services from Singapore to Malaysia and Southern Thailand, re, 2009 SG CCS 2 (Case on

price-fixing)

8. Volkswagen AG v. Commission of the European Communities, 2007 Bus LR 35 (Case on anti-competitive

activity)

MODULE 3: ABUSE OF DOMINANT POSITION 15 CLASSES

Introduction

Dominance

Abuse of Dominance

Predatory pricing

Abuse of dominance in US and Europe

Abuse of dominance under MRTP Act and Competition Act.


1. Peritz Rudolph J.R., Competition Policy in America: History, Rhetoric, Law. , New York: Oxford University

Press, 2000.

2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, Oxford University Press, India,

2007, Pages 130 -150.

3. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006,

pages 140 -160.

4. Avtar Singh, Competition Law, 1st Edition, 2012.

Articles:

1. “The DLF case is a landmark decision regarding abuse of dominance and relevant market in India”, Dr Souvik

Chatterji, Competition Law Insight, 29th April, 2014, Opinion, Relevance and abuse, Registered in England under no.

1072954, registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T

3JH,Volume13,Inbrief5,http://www.competitionlawinsight.com/competition-issues/abuse-ofdominance/relevance-and-

abuse--1.htm?origin=internalSearch

Case Laws:

1. Hoffman La Roche & Co. v. Commission of the European Communities, Case 85/76. (Case on abuse of

dominance)

2. Uta Pie Co. v. Continental Baking and others, 386 US 685 (1967) (Case on abuse of dominance)

MODULE 4: COMBINATIONS 10 CLASSES

Definition: Combination.

Introduction.

Combination under the Companies Act, 1956.

Need for control of Mergers and Acquisitions.

Regulation of combinations under Competition Act, 2002.


10

Control of anti-competitive combinations.

Control of combinations in US and Europe.





Press, India, 2007, Pages 150 -170.


pages 180 -19

4. SM Dugar and UP Mathur, Guide to Competition Law, Volume II, 5th Edition, 2010, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths

Wadha, Nagpur.

Articles:

1. “Examining the Efficacy of Mandatory Merger Notification in India,” Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Law Reforms,

Lex Witness, India’s First Magazine on Legal and Corporate Affairs, Volume 4, Issue 12, July 2013, page 44,

45.

2. “Indian Competition Act: Thresholds of Combination”, Consolidated Commercial Digest, Dr Souvik Chatterji,

Volume 30, Part 7, December 1, 2011, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., A Journal For Finance &

Legal Professionals and Corporate Executives, ISSN 0972-6039, pages 510 to 513.

MODULE 5: EXTRA-TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION 9 CLASSES

The effects doctrine.

Lack of extra-territorial jurisdiction under MRTP Act.

Extra-territorial jurisdiction under Competition Act, 2002.





pages 185 -195.

3. SM Dugar and UP Mathur, Guide to Competition Law, Volume II, 5th Edition, 2010, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths

Wadha, Nagpur.

Articles:

1. “ANSAC case was a trend setter in Competition Law in India”, Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Company cases, Volume 172, Part

1, 8th June, 2012, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., A Journal For Finance & Legal Professionals and

Corporate Executives, pages 14 to 16.

Case Laws:

1. Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association, (2002) 6 SCC. (Case on predatory

pricing and extra-territorial jurisdiction)

MODULE 6: CORPORATE LENIENCY: 5 CLASSES

Definition of corporate leniency

Corporate Leniency in India.

Corporate Leniency in US.





11


pages 180 -195.

3. Elhauge Einer, Geradin Damien, Global Competition Law and Economics, 1st Edition, USA. Hart Publishing,

2007.

MODULE 7: COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA 8 CLASSES.

Composition of CCI.

Appointment of members of CCI and their removal.

Independence of CCI.

Powers of CCI

Jurisdiction of CCI.

Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with sectoral regulators.

Reading Materials




pages 260 -275.

3. Abir Roy and Jayant Kumar, Competition Law in India, Eastern Law House, 2008.

Case Laws:

1. State of Bihar v. Subodh Gopal, AIR 1968 SC 281. (Case on jurisdiction)

2. Kadar Bhai v. Haribhai, AIR 1974 Guj 170. (Case on jurisdiction)

MODULE 8: ENFORCEMENT 6 CLASSES

Mechanism of enforcement of competition law in India.

Procedure of enforcement of competition law in India.





pages 260 -275.

Articles:

1. “Finding the Yardstick, measuring relevant market in India”, Dr Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law

Insight, 30th July, 2013, Registered in England under no. 1072954, registered office: Mortimer House, 37-

41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, pages 13 -15,

http://www.competitionlawinsight.com/competitionissues/finding-the-yardstick 69394.htm

Case Laws:

1. Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association, (2002) 6 SCC. (Case on enforcement)

Reading Materials:


Press, India, 2007.


12

2. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006.



4. Smith Martin, Competition Law Enforcement & Procedure, London: Butterworths, 2001.

5. Elhauge Einer, Geradin Damien, Global Competition Law and Economics, 1st Edition, USA. Hart Publishing,

2007.

6. Graham Cosmo, Competition, Regulation and the New Economy, 1st Edition, New York: Oxford and Portland

Oregon, 2004.

7. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, 1st Edition, 2014, 2nd Edition,

2017, Allahabad Law Agency, Law Publishers India, ISBN -978 – 81 -909484 -9 -4.

**************************

PROJECT TOPICS

1. Anti-competitive agreements in India.

2. MRTP Act, 1969, an overview.

3. Cartels in India.

4. Predatory pricing in India.

5. MRTPC and CCI.

6. Abuse of dominance in India.

7. Abuse of dominance in US.

8. Vitamins cartel in US.

9. EC regulation on anti-competitive agreements.

10. Corporate leniency in India.

11. Corporate leniency in US.

12. Combination in India.

13. Merger review in India.

14. Remedies relating to combinations.

15. Extra-territorial jurisdiction of CCI.

16. Tied –selling in India.

17. Bid-rigging in India.

18. Price-fixing in India.

19. Market-allocation in India.

20. CCI and sectoral regulators.

21. Corporate leniency in India.

22. Per Se Illegality

23. Rule of reason test.

24. Mandatory notification regime.

25. Voluntary notification regime

26. Effects doctrine.

27. Importance of market share in determination of dominance.

28. Competition advocacy.

29. Merger review in India and South Africa.

30. Dominance in India and USA.

31. Appreciable adverse effect on competition.

32. Procompetitive factors in India.

33. Anti-competitive factors in India.

34. Horizontal agreements.

35. Vertical agreements.

36. Independence of CCI.

37. Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with TRAI.

38. Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with CERC.

39. Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with AERA.

40. Utility of Areeda-turner rule.

41. Merits of predatory pricing.

42. Demerits of predatory pricing.

43. Bid-rigging in Brazil.


13

44. Bid-rigging in South Africa.

45. Abuse of dominant position in Brazil.

46. Abuse of dominant position in South Africa.

47. Corporate Leniency in USA.

48. Corporate Leniency in India.

49. Role of first informant in cartel investigation.

SUBJECT: LAW OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT


OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:

Indian Infrastructure Sectors including Airports, Roadways, Telecom Sector, Electricity Sector, Ports, SEZs, Natural Gas

Sector, etc., had developed a lot in the last 15 years after liberalization took place considering the developments all across

the world. A lot of development projects in these sectors are taking place through public –private partnerships. The law

relating to development of infrastructure sectors require a new look considering the requirements of regulators in the

respective sectors. The regulators are required to balance the strategic dimension of the sectors and also the capital

requirement which can lead to development of the sectors. Thus the objectives of the course include,

• Creating an insight on development of infrastructure.

• Discussing the laws of infrastructure development.

• Discussing the control of the regulatory bodies over the development of relevant sectors.

CREDIT HOURS:

As per credit hours allotted to the subject there will be 4 classes per week. Teaching Methodology will include Lecture-

cum- case discussion, Projects, and Presentations

EVALUATION SCHEME:

• Project 20% marks.

• Continuous Assessments 30% marks.

• End-term exams 50% marks.

COURSE OUTLINE

MODULE 1 – INTRODUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT – 5 LECTURES

• Introduction of infrastructure development


14

• The different infrastructure sectors.

Recommended Readings.

1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to infrastructure projects, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications,2003 – pages 5 to 15.

Article.

Siddharth Paradkar and Anirudh Reddy, TAMP as market regulator, July 2013, Infrastructure Today.

MODULE 2 – ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE – 7 LECTURES

• The economic dynamics that are relevant in respect of specific sectors like Telecommunication, Energy, Airport

Sector – 7 Lectures.


1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to infrastructure projects, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications, 2003. Pages 20 to 40.

Case Law.

1. Association of Industrial Electricity Users v. State of Andhra Pradesh (2002) 3 SCC 711.

2. Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. The Association of Natural Gas Consuming Industries of Gujarat AIR 1990

SC 1851.

3. India Thermal Power Ltd. V. State of MP, (2000) 3 SCC 379.

4. Duncan Industries Ltd. v. State of UP (2000) 1 SCC 633.

MODULE 3 – SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES – 7 LECTURES

• Background of SEZ.

• Objectives of SEZ Policy.

• SEZs in sensitive areas.

• Exemption of taxes, duties in SEZs.

• The rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2007.

• The Land Acquisition (Amendment) Bill, 2007.


1. Pranay Chaturvedi and Ankur Dalal, Law of Special Economic Zone, National and

International Perspective, Eastern Law House, Kolkata, New Delhi. Pages 30 to 100.

2. Hitendra Mehta, Taxmann’s Law & Practice Relating to Special Economic Zones, Published by

Taxmann Allied Services (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India, 2007. Pages 25 to 150.

3. Arundhati Roy, Power Politics, Published by South End Press, USA, 2nd Edition, 2002.


15

4. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books

International Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 35 to 100.

MODULE 4 – NATURAL GAS SECTOR – 8 LECTURES.

• Natural Gas Industry.

• The Legal Framework.

• The New Exploration and Licensing Policy (NELP).

• The Oilfields Regulation and Development Act, 1948.

• Production Sharing Contracts.

• Regulation of Gas Pipelines in US and UK.


1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. Lexis Nexis Butterworth Publication, 2003.

Pages 50 to 80.

2. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books International

Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 70 to 100.

MODULE 5 – PORT SECTOR - 7 LECTURES

• Brief history of Ports in India.

• Landlord ports, tool ports, services ports.

• The Indian Ports Act, 1908.

• The Major Ports Trust Act, 1963.


1. Piyush Joshi , Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. Lexis Nexis Butterworth Publication, 2003.

Pages 80 to 90.



Article.

Siddharth Paradkar and Anirudh Reddy, TAMP as market regulator, July 2013, Infrastructure Today.

MODULE 6 – THE ENERGY SECTOR – 9 LECTURES.


16

• The development projects under the Sector and the regulation of the sector by the regulatory body.

• Licensing framework.

• Consumer Issues under the Sector.


1. Raj Singh Niranjan, Guide to Electricity Laws in India, Universal Law Publishing Company

Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

2. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications.

2003. Pages 60 to 80.

3. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books

International Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 70 to 100.

Case Law.

1. India Thermal Power Ltd. V. State of MP, (2000) 3 SCC 379.

2. Duncan Industries Ltd. v. State of UP (2000) 1 SCC 633.

MODULE 7 – THE TRANSPORT SECTOR, NATIONAL HIGHWAYS, RAILWAYS AND

AIRPORTS – 9 LECTURES.

• Legal framework and issues relating to financing of road projects.

• Privatization of Airports and Issues relating to regulation of Airports.

• The Policy of Airport Infrastructure, 1997

• The Airport Economic Regulatory Authority Bill, 2007.

• Infrastructure Development relating to Indian Railways.


1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. Lexis Nexis Butterworth Publication, 2003.

Pages 60 to 80.

2. Ellis J. Juan, “Privatizing Airports –option & case studies”, Public Policy for the private sector, the World

Bank, June 1996.

3. David Bentley, The World Airport Privatization Study, Euromoney Institutional Investor in 2002.

4. Arundhati Roy, Power Politics, Published by South End Press, USA, 2nd Edition, 2002.




17

Case Law.

1. State of UP v. Devi Dayal Singh, (2000) 3 SCC 5.

MODULE 8 – TELECOMMUNICATIONS – 8 LECTURES.

• Telegraph, telecommunication services and wireless communications.

• The Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal.

• The National Telecom Policy, 1994 and 1999.


1. Rafiq Dossani, Telecommunications Reform in India, 2002.

2. Bare Act, The TRAI Act, 1997 and the TRAI Act, 2000.

3. David Gilles & Roger Marshall, Telecommunications Law, Butterworths, 1997.

4. Piyush Joshi, Law Relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications, 2003,

Pages 120 to 140.

Article.

Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Overlap of Jurisdiction of TRAI and CCI, Consolidated Commercial Digest, Volume 30,

Part 4, October 15, 2011, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, A Journal for Finance and Legal

Professionals, Corporate Executives.

Case Law

1. Delhi Science Forum v. Union of India CWP (PIL) No. 4510 of 1999.

2. Consumer Online Foundation v. Tata Sky Ltd. and Others, CCI, Case No. 2/2009.

MODULE 9 – DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH SECTOR – 5 LECTURES.

• Public-private Partnerships in development of India’s Health Sector.


1. Slim Haddad, D. Narayana, Safeguarding the Health Sector in Times of Macroeconomic Instability, Africa World

Press. IDRC 2008.

Suggested Readings.


18

1. Graham Vinter, Project Finance: A Legal Guide, 2nd Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1998.

2. India Infrastructure Report, Department of Economic Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi, 1996.

3. Ellis J. Juan, “Privatizing Airports –option & case studies”, Public Policy for the private sector, the World Bank, June

1996.

4.Arundhati Roy, Power Politics, Published by South End Press, USA, 2nd Edition, 2002.

5.Rafiq Dossani, Telecommunications Reform in India, 2002.

6.Raj Singh Niranjan, Guide to Electricity Laws in India, Universal Law Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

7. David Bentley, The World Airport Privatization Study by David Bentley, Euromoney Institutional Investor, 2002.

8. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. 2003. Lexis Nexis Butterworths Publication.

9.David Gilles & Roger Marshall, Telecommunications Law, Butterworths, 1997.

10. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books International Limited,

India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014.

Project Topics.

1. TRAI, 1997 Act and TRAI, 2000 Act.

2. Telecom Policy 1994.

3. Telecom Policy 1999.

4. TRAI and TDSAT.

5. TRAI and CCI.

6. CERC and Indian Electricity Act, 2003.

7. SERCs in India.

8. Appellate Tribunal in Electricity Sector.

9. The NHAI Act.

10. Roadways and BOT Projects.

11. SEZs in India.

12. The SEZ Policy.

13. The SEZ Act.

14. The SEZ and Land Acquisition (Amendment) Bill, 2007.

15. The SEZ and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2007.

16. The AERA Bill, 2007.


19

17. AERA and CCI.

18. Developments in the Airport Sector.

19. The Natural Gas Sector.

20. NELP and Indian Natural Gas Sector.

21. Landlord Ports.

22. Tool Ports.

23. The major Port in India.

24. The Indian Ports Act, 1908.

25. The Clinical Establishment (Regulation and Registration) Bill, 2007.

SUBJECT: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS LAW.

Module-I Introduction

The meaning of intellectual property


20

Forms of intellectual property: copyright, trademarks, patents and designs

New forms as plant varieties and geographical indications

Introduction to the leading international instruments concerning intellectual property rights: the Berne Convention, Universal Copyright, Convention, the Paris Convention,

Trips, the World Intellectual Property Rights Organization (WIPO) and the UNESCO

Module-II Law of copyright in India

Historical evolution of the copyright law

Meaning of copyright

Copyright in literacy, dramatic and musical works

Copyright in sound records and cinematograph films

Ownership of copyright

Assignment and licence

Copyright authorities

Infringement of Copy right and remedies including Anton Pillor injunctive relief in India

Module-III Trademarks

The rationale of protection of trademarks as an aspect of commercial and of

consumer rights, Dilution Theories of trade mark

Definition and concept of trademarks

Registration of trademark- authorities under the trademark Act

Passing off and infringement

Remedies

Module-IV Design

The Designs Act, 2000

✓ Definition and characteristics of Design

Law in India

✓ Protection and rights of design holders

✓ Copyright in design

✓ Registration

✓ Remedies for infringement.

Trademark and Domain Name Interface

Module-V Patents

Concepts and Historical view of the patents

Process of obtaining a patent, authorities

Procedure for filling patents: patent co-operation treaty

Prior publication or anticipation

Rights and obligations of a patentee

Compulsory licences

Infringement; defences

Injunctions and related remedies

Module-VI Miscellaneous

Geographical indication,

Plant varieties

✓ Traditional knowledge

✓ Bio piracy,

Patentability of Biotechnology and micro organize

New plant culture and breeds Act


21

Bare Acts:

The Trademarks Act, 1999.

The Patents Act, 1970.

The Copyright Act, 1957.

The Designs Act, 2000.

The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection), 1999.

The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001.

The Biodiversity Act, 2002.

Suggested Readings:

1. Cornish W.R. Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Marks, Copy Right and Allied

Right, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

2. Vikas Vashishth, Law and practice of Intellectual Property, Bharat Law House Delhi.

3. P. Narayanan, Inetellectua1 Property Law, (ed) Eastern Law House,Calcutta

4. Bibeck Debroy (ed). Intellectual Property Right, Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, Delhi

5. U.I.F. Anderfelt, International Patent Legislation and Developing Countries

6. W.R. Cornish, Intellectual Property (3rd ed) Sweet and Maxwell

7. K. Thairani, copyright: The Indian Experience.

8. Ahuja, V.K.; Law relating to Intellectual Property Rights; LexisNexis

9. Bhandari, M. K.; An Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights; Central Law

Publication


22

SUBJECT: CORPORATE LAW

LLM in Corporate Law

Syllabus for subject Corporate Law

Subject: Law of Corporate Management and Governance

Unit - I: Corporate Incorporation and Management

1. (i)Certificate of Incorporation

(ii)Memorandum and Articles of Association

(iii)Doctrine of Ultra Vires

(iv)Doctrine of Indoor Management

2. (i) Directors: Appointment, Removal, Position, Powers and Duties of Directors.

(ii) Audit Committee: Its Role.

(iii)Company Secretary: Qualification, Appointment and Duties

(iv)Officer who is in default: Definition of Officer who is in default

(v)Liability of independent directors.

3. (i) Types of Meetings

(ii) Procedure of calling meeting

(iii) Company’s resolutions and its kinds

Unit -2 : Oppression & Mismanagement and Investigation

(Sections 397 to 408; Sections 235 to 251)

1. (i)Rule in Foss v. Harbottle

(ii)Prevention of Oppression

(iii)Prevention of Mismanagement

(iv)Role & Powers of the Company Law Board

(v)Role & Powers of Central Government

2. (i)Company Investigation

Unit – 3: Corporate Liquidation

1. (i).Winding up of Companies (ii).Mode of winding up of the companies (iii).Compulsory Winding

up under the Order of the Tribunal

(iv).Voluntary winding up

(v).Contributories

(vi).Payment of liabilities

Unit -4 : Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility

1. (i)Importance of Corporate Governance


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(ii)Different system of Corporate Governance

(iii)Impact of Legal Traditions and the Rule of Law on Corporate Governance (iv)Legal Reforms of

Corporate Governance in India

(v)Reports of the various Committees on Corporate Governance

(vi)Emerging Trend based on the recommendation of the Committees in the

Companies Act 1956 and the Listing Agreement with Special reference to

Clause 49.

2. (i) Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility

Text Books:

1.Saleem Sheikh & William Rees, Corporate Governance & Corporate Control, Cavendish Publishing

Ltd., 1995

2.Taxmann, Companies Act 2013

3.Taxmann, A Comparative Study of Companies Act 2013 and Companies Act 1956

References:

1.Charles Wild & Stuart Weinstein Smith and Keenan, Company Law

, Pearson Longman, 2009

2.Institute of Company Secretaries of India, Companies Act 2013

, CCH Wolter Kluver Business, 2013

3.Lexis Nexis, Corporate Laws 2013

(Palmtop Edition)

4.C.A. Kamal Garg, Bharat’s Corporate and Allied Laws, 2013,

SUBJECT: CROSS BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS.


24

LLM in Corporate Law

Objectives: The objectives of the course is to create an overview of cross – border mergers and

acquisitions for students. After completing the course the students will be able to understand

(a) Cross border mergers and acquisitions

(b) Laws in India and other jurisdictions to prevent anti-competitive combinations

(c) The effect of cross border combinations.

Chapter 1 – Mergers and acquisitions under Indian Companies Act – corporate restructuring in India

under the Companies Act. It includes mergers, acquisitions and amalgamations of two or more

companies.

Chapter 2 – Cross border mergers – Mergers between companies registered in different parts of the

world. The complications and the after-effect of the combination is the major focus area.

Chapter 3 - Economic losses due to cross border mergers – end of small companies due to cross

border mergers.

Chapter 4 – Review of anti-competitive mergers – Combination analysis by Competition Commission

of India. The mandatory combination regime in India will be in consideration in comparison with the

merger analysis in USA and EU.

Chapter 5 – Sanctions in India and other jurisdictions against the bad mergers.

Books:

1. Pradip Kumar Jain, Corporate Acquisitions and Mergers in India, Wolters Kluwer, 2016.

2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law Today, Oxford University Press, 2007

3. Dr Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, Allahabad Law

Agency, 2nd Edition, 2017.


25

SUBJECT: INVESTMENT LAW


Unit-1: Securities: The concept and kinds: Government Securities, Securities issued by banks,

Secured issued by corporations, Securities in mutual fund and Collective investment schemes,

Depository receipts.

Unit-2: Government Securities: Bonds issued by government and semi government institutions, Role

of Central Bank (the RBI in India), Impact of issuance of bonds on economy, Government loan from

the general public, External borrowing, World Bank, I.M.F, Asian Development Bank, Direct from

foreign government and Treasury deposits, government loan: the constitutional dilemma and

limitations, dilution of powers of Central Bank.

Unit-3: Securities issued by Banks: Bank notes, issue of bank notes, changing functions of banks

form direct lending and borrowing to modern system, Bank draft, travelers’ cheques, credit cards,

smart cards, nature of deposits, current, saving and fixed deposits, interest warrants.

Unit-4: Corporate Securities: Shares, Debentures, Company deposits, Control over corporate

securities, a) Central government, b) National Company Law Tribunal c)SEBI guide lines on capital

issues d) RBI; Protection of investor, a) Administrative regulation, b) Disclosure regulation, c)

Protection by criminal sanction.: Basic features of the Securities Contracts(Regulation) Act, 1956 –

recognition of stock exchange, option in securities- listing of securities, guidelines for listing of

shares, debentures etc.

Unit-5: Basic features of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 – establishment of

SEBI, sanctions and Powers of SEBI, powers of the Central Government under the Act, guidelines for

disclosure and investors protection – SEBI Appellate Tribunal and Appeals.

Unit-6:Collective Investment: Unit Trust of India, Venture capital, Mutual find, Control over issue

and management of UTI.

Unit-7: Depositories: Denationalized securities, Recognition of securities, Types of depository

receipts: IDR, ADR, GDR and Euro receipts, SEBI guidelines on depositories.

Unit-8: Investment in non-banking financial institutions: Control by usury laws, control by RBI,

Regulation on non-banking financial and Private–financial companies; law Relating to NBFCs – AP

Protection of Depositors Act, 1999.

Unit-9: Foreign Exchange management in India: Concept of foreign exchange management and

administration of exchange control.

Books Recommended:

1. Avatar Singh, Company Law, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.

2. Ramaih, A Guide to Companieis Act, Wadhwa Publications.

3. Anantha Raman, Lectures on Company Law, Wadhwa and Company

4. Majumdar, Company Law, Taxman Publications.


26

5. Gupta, S.N., The Banking Law in Theory and Practice, (1999) Universal, New Delhi.

6. Tannan, M.L., Tannan’s Banking Law and Practice in India, (2000) India Law House, New Delhi

7. Bhandari, M.C., Guide to Company Law Procedures, (1996) Wadhwa and Co., New Delhi.

SUBJECT: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN INDIA

LLM IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Unit-1: Parliamentary Government: Westminster Model-Indian experience before Independence-

choice of Parliamentary Government, President of India-Election Qualifications, Impeachment,

Salary, etc., Council of Minister-President’s Constitutional position, Governor and State Government-

President’s constitutional relationship. Legislative Process-Privileges, freedom of speech. Practice of

law-making, etc., Legislative privileges-vs. Fundamental Rights. In re. Art 143 of the constitution of

India, Prime Minister - cabinet system - collective responsibility -Individual responsibility President

P.M. Relationship. Party System-Anti-defection Law. Freedom of an M.P./M.L.A. to dissent.

Unit-2: Federalism: Federalism-principles-Comparative study of other Federations. Why India has a

federal Government, Indian Federalism-President of India-Council of State Process of Constitutional

amendment. Identification of Federal Features, Legislative Relations between the Centre and the

States Administrative relations-Centre-States, Financial Relations-Centre-States, Governor’s position

from the perspective of Federalism, Centre’s Powers over the States-Art. 356, J & K - Special Status,

Critical problems of India Federalism Sarkaria Commission-Greater autonomy vs Central Control one

party domination. Emergence of Political Federalism. Growth of Regional parties.

Unit-3: Governor under the constitution: Powers and functions

Unit-4: Independency the Judiciary and Judicial process: Judicial process under the Constitution:

Judicial Review - Art. 32, 226, 227, Nature of Judicial Review, Court system in India: Backlogs.

Arrears, alternatives. Lok Adalats etc. Judges; Appointments, Conditions of service, etc. Subordinate

Judiciary, Jurisdiction of Supreme Court and High Court, Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme

Court, Public Interest Litigation.

Unit-5 Freedom of Trade and Commerce:

Unit-6: Services under the Constitution: Doctrine of pleasure (Art. 310), Protection against Arbitrary

Dismissal, Removal, or Reduction in Rank (Art. 311), Tulsiram Patel case- Exceptions to Art. 311.

Unit-7: Election Commission of India: Powers and functions

Unit-8: Emergency Provisions under the constitution: Emergency. Need for such a provision. Types

of Emergencies. Experience in other democracies , Proclamation of Emergency-conditions-Art. 352-

Effect of Emergency on Centre-State relations, Emergency and suspension of fundamental rights.

Arts. 358, 359 - Makhan Singh Tarasikha to A.D.M. Jabbalpore, Financial Emergency.


27

Unit-9: Amendment to the Constitution: Constitutional Processes of Adaptation & Alteration:

Methods of constitutional Amendment-Written-Unwritten-Rigid-Flexible Constitutions, Provisions

which can be amended by ordinary procedure. Special procedure, review of Constitutional

Amendments, Limitations upon constitutional amendments Shankari Prasad, Sajjan Singh, Golak

Nath vs. Punjab - Why should Fundamental Rights be immune from the process of constitutional

Amendment, Basic structure doctrine as a limitation-Kesavananda Bharati. Development of the Basic

Structure Doctrine Constituent power of the Supreme Court. Waman Rao, Minerva Mills, etc., Indira

Gandhi vs Raj Narain; Judicial consensus on Basic Structure, Legislative and Judicial Attempts to

bury the Basic Structure Doctrine; Legitimation of the Basic Structure Doctrine. Special Bench to

Reconsider the Basic Structure Issue. Forty-second Constitutional Amendment. Forty-fourth

constitutional Amendment.

Minerva Mills and subsequent developments of the Basic Structure Doctrine. Responsibility of the

court; Activism vs. Restraint.

Books Recommended:

1. Shukla V.N.: Constitution of India, Eastern Books Company, Lucknow.

2. Pandey J.N.: Constitutional Law of India, Central Law Agency, Allahabad.

3. Austin, Granwille: The Indian Constitution - Corner Stone of a Nation, 1966, Oxford University,

Press, New Delhi.

4. Basu D.D.: Constitutional Law of India, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

5. Jain, M.P.: Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co., Nagpur.

6. Subba Rao, GCV.: Indian Constitutional Law, Eastern Books Company, Lucknow.

7. Tope T.K.: Constitutional Law of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.

8. Shiva Rao B.: The Framing of India’s Constitution (in 5 volumes), Indian Institute of Public

Admn., New Delhi.

9. Seervai, H.M.: Constitutional Law of India (in 3 volumes), M.M. Tripathi, Bombay.

10. Constituent Assembly Debates (5 books) - Official report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi.

SUBJECT: CONSTITUTIONALITY: PLURALISM AND FEDERALISM


Module I: Introduction to the Constitution and Constitutional Law (4 class hours)

Historical background to the Making of the Constitution of India

Constituent Assembly and the Passing of the Constitution

The Objectives Resolution and the Preamble to the Constitution of India

Elucidating Key Concepts-

‘Sovereign Socialist Secular’ ‘Democratic Republic’


28

‘Separation of Powers’

‘Rule of Law’

Module II: The Three Wings of Government (6 class hours)

Legislature: Structure of Parliament and State Legislatures, Mode of Election,

Parliamentary Procedures, Voting, Powers and Functions- (Article 79-122, 148-151)

Executive: Structure of Union and State Governments, Cabinet, Powers and Functions

of PM / CM(Article 52-78, 123)

Judiciary: Structure of the Courts, Jurisdiction, Appointment of Judges, Supreme

Court as the Final Interpreter of the Constitution, Powers and Functions(Article 124-

147, 214-227)

Module III: Federalism under the Indian Constitution: a Moduleary Model (6 class hours)

Federalism: Meaning, Scope and Concepts

Is India a true federation? Rationale behind Moduleary nature.

Separation of Powers- conceptual analysis, comparison with US model

Legislative Relations between Union and State(Article 245-256)

Financial Relations between Union and State(Article 265-28


29

Principles of Interpretation:

Territorial Nexus

Plenary Powers and Non-obstante clause

Harmonious Construction and Pith and Substance

Residuary Power

Repugnancy- Direct Conflict, Occupied Field and Intended Occupation

[Cases- State of WB v UOI, State of WB v CPDR, GVK Industries v. UOI, Gujarat Univ. v.

Krishna, Prafulla Kumar v. Bank of Commerce, Khulna, State of Rajasthan v. G. Chawla, UOI v.

Harbhajan Singh Dhillon, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals v. State of Bihar, Deep Chand v. State of UP,

Zaveribhai v. State of Bombay, M ..Karunanidhi v. UOI]

Module IV: Judiciary and its Independence (Article 124-147, 214-227) (6 class hours)

Independence of Judiciary: why so crucial?

Transfer of Judges

Judicial Review- HC powers of Superintendence u/A. 226., Supervision u/A. 227,

Jurisdictions of the SC, Review and Curative Petition, Supreme Court as a Court

of Record- Contempt Power

[Cases-State of Karnataka v UOI, State of Rajasthan v UOI, Pritam Singh v State,

Rupa Hurra v Ashoke Hurra, Delhi Judicial Service Assn.]

Module V: Executive and its Discretion (6 class hours)(Article 52-78, 123)

President as the ‘nominal head’ of the Executive

‘Aid and advice of the council of ministers’-Discretionary Powers of the President

and Governors

o [Cases: Ram Jawaya Kapoor, UNR Rao, Shamsher Singh]

Powers of Pardon

o [Cases: Maru ram, Kehar Singh, Swaran Singh, Epuru Sudhakar]

Legislative Power of the Executive

o [Cases: AK Roy, DK Wadhwa]

Module VI: Amendment to the Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine (6 class hours)

Understanding A. 368 ‘Procedure to Amend’ to ‘Power to Amend’ Impact of 24

th and 25

th Amendments

42nd

Amendment and the A. 368

Evolution of Basic Structure Doctrine- Case Analysis

Pre-Keshavananda Bharati[Cases: Shankari Prasad, Sajjan Singh, IC

Golaknath]

Keshavananda Bharati

Post-Keshavananda Bharati [Indira Gandhi, Minerva Mills, Waman Rao,

Nagaraj, IR Coelho]

Module VII: Emergency Provisions (6 class hours)

Proclamation of Emergency under A. 352 Instances and Debates

Changes introduced by the 44th

Amendment

Impact on Fundamental Rights- ADM Jabalpur v. Shiv Kant Shukla

President’s Rule under A. 356


30

Instances and Debates

Judicial Review

Impact of Sarkaria Commission Recommendations

[Cases- State of Rajasthan, SR Bommai, Rameshwar Prasad]

Financial Emergency under A. 360

Bare Acts:

The Constitution of India

Suggested Readings:-

1. M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur

2. V.N.Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow

3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution-Cornerstone of a Nation, OUP, New Delhi

4. H.M.Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes), N.M.Tripathi, Bombay

5. G.C.V.Subba Rao, Indian Constitutional Law, S.Gogia & Co., Hyderabad

SUBJECT: ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE

The course is designed to be administered to the students of Criminal Law who have completed their basic

courses on substantive and procedural aspects. Therefore this course would concentrate on an in depth study

and analysis of some of the major areas of concern as far as the Criminal Justice Administration in India is

concerned. In the philosophical backdrop of human rights and justice, the course will survey key components

of Indian Criminal Justice system providing adequate inputs on the practical realities and challenges in order to

equip students to effectively pursue a career in criminal litigation.

At the end of the course the students should be able to-

1. Understand in depth the role of each component in the administration of criminal justice

2. Understand the relevance of human rights in criminal law and criminal procedure

3. Identify and critically analyze the challenges faced by criminal justice administration in India


31

4. Provide thoughtful insights concerning the holistic issues concerning criminal justice administration in India

TEACHING- LEARNING METHODOLOGY

As per credit hours allotted to the subject there will be 4 classes per week. Teaching Methodology will

include Lecture-cum- discussion, Assignments, Projects, and Presentations.

THE EVALUATION SCHEME

Continuous Assessment. 30 %

Project 20 %

End Term 50 %

TOTAL 100%

COURSE OUTLINE

MODULE I INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION

Components of Criminal Justice Administration

- Police

- Prosecution

- Criminal Courts

- Prison and Correctional system

Constitutional and Human rights

- Fair trial

- Right against self-incrimination

- Double jeopardy

- Presumption of innocence, standard of proof and burden of proof

Recommended Readings-

Books-

1. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sCriminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)

2. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sLectures on Criminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)

3. M.P Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (5thEdn, 2009), Lexis Nexis

4. K.I. Vibhute, Criminal Justice: A human rights perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in India,

(1stEdn., 2004) EBC.


32

5. Herbert L. Packer, The Limits of the Criminal Sanction, Staford University Press (1968)

Cases

1. Woolmington v. DPP, [1935] UKHL 1 (Burden of proof)

2. ShivajiSahabraoBobadev. State of Maharashtra, (1973) 2 SCC 793 (Burden of proof)

3. Kali Ram v. State of H.P, 1973 SCC (Cri) 1048 (Burden of proof)

4. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597 (Procedure established by law)

5. People’s Union for Civil Rights v. Union of India, 2003 (10) SCALE 967

6. Iqbal Sodawalav. State of Maharashtra, (1975) 3 SCC 140 (relevance of procedural law)

7. Ram Chander v. State of Haryana, 1981 SCC (Cri) 683 (role of trial judge)

8. Selvi v. State of Karnataka, 2010 (7) SCC 263 (self-incrimination)

9. Khatri II v. State of Bihar, (1981) 1 SCC 627

10. Sukhdev v. State of Punjab, 1985 Cri LJ (P&H )1739 (independence of criminal courts)

Articles

1. Griffiths, “Ideology in Criminal Procedure or a Third Model of the Criminal Process” 79 YLJ 359(1970).

2. P.N. Bhagwati, “Human Rights in the Criminal Justice System” 27 JILI1(1985).

3. Dr K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Burden of Proof in Criminal Cases and the Supreme Court; New

Trends, (2003) 8 SCC (Jour) 49

4. A.Lakshminath, Criminal Justice in India: Primitivism to post-modernism, 2006 JILI 48 (1) 26

5. K. Sreedhar Rao, Criminal Justice System: Required Reforms, 2001 JILI 143 (2) 155

6. S.N Sharma, Towards crime control model, 2007JILI 49 (4) 543

7. William J. Stuntz, The Uneasy Relationship between Criminal Procedure and Criminal Justice, The

Yale Law Journal, Vol. 107, No. 1 (Oct., 1997), pp. 1-76

8. R. Deb, Reforms in Criminal Law : Some Suggestions,

9. UshaRamnathan, Crime and Punishment, Seminar available at http://www.india-

seminar.com/2006/557/557%20usha%20ramanathan.htm

10. UpendraBaxi, Notes on holocaustian politics, available at http://www.india-

seminar.com/2002/513/513%20upendra%20baxi.htm

11. ShantonuSen, Pol ice , Public and Prosecut ion, Seminar available at ht tp:/ /www.india -

seminar .co m/1999/483/483%20shantonu%20sen.htm

Reports

1. Report of the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System, Government of India, Ministry of

Home Affairs (2003)

2. 37th Report of the Law Commission of India, 1967

3. 154th Report of the Law Commission of India, 1996

MODULE II PRE-TRIAL CRIMINAL PROCESS

Crime prevention and policing

Reporting of crime

- Complaint, FIR and NCR

- Crime reporting in India and Crime statistics

Custodial torture in India

- Law of arrest

Rights of arrested persons

http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/557/557%20usha%20ramanathan.htm

http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/557/557%20usha%20ramanathan.htm

http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/513/513%20upendra%20baxi.htm

http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/513/513%20upendra%20baxi.htm

http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20shantonu%20sen.htm

http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20shantonu%20sen.htm


33

Arrest of women

Detention and custody (police custody and judicial custody)

- Law of confession- safeguards

Bail in India; Anti poor?

- Bail in bailable offences and non-bailable offences

- Anticipatory bail

- Right to bail u/s 436 & 436A

- Power of higher courts to grant bail in non-bailable offences


Books



3. M.P Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (5thEdn, 2009), Lexis Nexis



5. Surendra Malik and Sudeep Malik, Supreme Court on Bail, Anticipatory Bail and Quashment (2011

Edn. EBC)

Cases

1. State of Rajasthan v Balchand, AIR 1977 SC 2447 (Bail)

2. Moti Ram and Ors. v State of M.P, AIR 1978 SC 1594 (Bail)

3. Maneka Gandhi v Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 571 (Fair trial)

4. HussainaraKhatoon and others v. Home Sec, State of Bihar, AIR 1979 SC 1360 (Fair trial)

5. Joginder Kumar v. State of U.P. (1994) 4 SCC 260 (Police reforms)

6. NandiniSundar v State of Chattisgarh, available atindiankanoon.org/doc/920448/(arming the local communities

with police powers)

7. State of Orissa v. Sharat Chandra Sahu(1996) 6 SCC 435 210 (Police Investigation)

8. MadhuBalav. Suresh Kumar (1997) 8 SCC 476 (Police Investigation)

9. Dilip K. Basuv. State of West Bengal (1997)6 SCC 642 (Rights of arrested persons)

10. State of Haryana v. Dinesh Kumar (2008) 3 SCC 222 (Rights of arrested persons)

Articles

1. N R MadhavaMenon, Police reform: The imperative for efficiency in criminal justice available at

http://www.article2.org/mainfile.php/0103/31/

2. Flavia Agnes, The Law and its Implimentation: Criminal Law. P. 187-188. In Violence Against Women:

http://www.article2.org/mainfile.php/0103/31/


34

Women Against Violence edited by ShirinKudchedkar and Sabiha Al-Issa. Delhi: Pencraft International, 1998

3. P.S Bawa, Urban Policing, Seminar, available at http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20bawa.htm

4. VedMarwah, A citizen friendly force?, http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20ved%20marwah.htm

5. K.N. ChandrasekharanPillai , Women and Criminal Procedure by. P. 161-172. In Engendering Law: Essays in

Honour of LotikaSakar edited by AmitaDhanda and ArchanaParashar. Lucknow: Eastern, 1999.

6. Dr. Rajeev Dhavan, Bail: A Fundamental Right available at http://pilsarc.blogspot.in/2011/11/bail-

fundamental-right-by-dr-rajeev.html

7. K.N.C Pillai, Criminal Investigation in India –Human Rights Perspective, Vol. 48 : 3 JILI (2006) 435

MODULE III POST-TRIAL

Sentencing

- Sentence hearing

- Sentencing policy and judicial discretion

Plea-bargaining

- Constitutional validity

- Limitations in India

Probation


Books

Books-



3. Essays on the Indian Penal Code - Prof. K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai &ShabistanAquil, Indian Law Institute

(2005)



Cases

1. Brandy v. United States, 379 US 742 (1970) (Plea bargaining)

2. MurlidharMeghrajLoyat v. State of Maharashtra, 1976 AIR 1929, (Plea bargaining)

3. Md. Munna v. Union of India (UOI) and Ors., AIR2005SC3440v(meaning of imprisonment for life)

4. JagmohanSinghv.StateofUttarPradesh, AIR 1973 SC 947 (Constitutionality of death penalty)

5. RajendraPrasad v. State of U.P,(1979) 3 SCC 646 (Constitutionality of death penalty)

6. BachanSingh v. State of Punjab,AIR 1980 SC 898 (rarest of rare)

7. Machi Singhv. State of Punjab,AIR 1983SC 957 (rarest of rare)

8. RavindraTrimbackChouthmalv. StateofMaharashtra,(1996) 4 SCC 148 (rarest of rare)

http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20bawa.htm

http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20ved%20marwah.htm

http://pilsarc.blogspot.in/2011/11/bail-fundamental-right-by-dr-rajeev.html

http://pilsarc.blogspot.in/2011/11/bail-fundamental-right-by-dr-rajeev.html

http://www.ebcwebstore.com/product_info.php?cPath=6026_322&products_id=16853


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9. SwamiShraddanandav. State of Karnataka, AIR 2008 SC 3040 (rarest of rare)

10. State of M.P. v. Munna Choubey 2005 (2) SCC 712, (Proportionality of sentence)

Articles

1. Pande, B.B “Murder most foul, though not rarest of rare” (1996) 5 SCC Jour 1

2. Balwant Singh, “Decision of Supreme Court in Naib Singh v. State of Punjab: A critique” 38 JILI (1996)

3. K. N. Chandrasekharan Pillai &JyotiDograSood, “Supreme Court : In Retrospect and Prospect” 48

JILI 19 (2006).

4. BaxiUpendra, Clemency, Erudition and Death: The Judicial Discourse in Kehar Singh. JILI Vol 30(4).

Reports

1. Report of the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System, Government of India, Ministry of

Home Affairs (2003)

2. 142nd Report of the Law Commission of India

3. 154th Report of the Law Commission of India

4. 177th Reports of the Law Commission of India

5. India: Lethal Lottery – The death penalty in India: A study of Supreme Court judgments in death

penalty cases 1950-2006 (2 May 2008), Amnesty International available at

http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA20/007/2008/en

6. Law Commission of India, Report No. 35 on “Capital Punishment” (1967)

7. Law Commission of India, Report No. 39 on “The punishment of imprisonment for life under the Indian

Penal Code” (1969)

8. Law Commission of India, Report No 187 on “Mode of execution of death Sentence and incidental

matters”(2003)

MODULE IV JUVENILE JUSTICE

- Historical perspective

- Main features of Juvenile Justice (Care and protection) Act, 2000

- Crucial issues

Relevant date for the applicability of the Act

Applicability of the Act to pending cases

Applicability of the Act in special offence

Books

1. VedKumari, Juvenile Justice System in India; From Welfare to Rights, (2ndEdn. 2011) Oxford

University Press

1. Whi

2. Jayasinghv. State by Inspector of Police, Date of Judgment, February 15, 2008; available at

http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/helddis3.aspx

3. Madan Singh v. State of Bihar, (2004) 4 SCC 622 (applicability to special statutes)

4. Raj Singh v. State of Haryana, (2000) 6 SCC 759 (applicability to special statutes)




http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/helddis3.aspx


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MODULE V: WHITE COLLAR AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Nature and definition

Types of White collar crimes

Components of white collar crimes

Characteristics and activities of white collar crimes

Controlling organized crimes

NN Vohra Committee report

Corporate crime

Reading Material:

3. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 31 Edition, Oxford

UnivPres, New York 2002, pp. 844 - 871

4. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 711 Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 384-409

Case Laws:

• Provident Investment Company v. Income Tax Commissioner, AIR 1954 Bom. 95

• C. S. Bansal v. Delhi Administration, (1963) 2 Cr. LJ 439 (SC)

• R. K. Garg v. Union of India, (1981) 133 ITR 239

• R. S. Nayak v. A. R. Antulay, AIR 1984 SC 684

• P. V. Narsimharao v. State, AIR 1998 SC 2001

MODULE VI VICTIMS AND WITNESSES

- Victim compensation

- Hostile witnesses and witness protection programs


Books


(1stEdn., 2004) EBC

Cases

1. Brindavan Sharma v. State, CRL.A. 927/2002 of Delhi High Court.

2. PalaniappaGounder v State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1977 1323 (victim compensation)

3. Bhuperndar Singh v State of M.P, I (2005) DMC 831 (victim compensation)

4. NilabatiBehra v State of Orissa, (1993 ) 2 SCC746

5. RudulSah v State of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 141

6. Bodhi SattaGautam v SubhraChakraborty, AIR 1996 SC 922

7. RavikantPatil v DG Police, 1990 ACJ 1060

8. SAHELI v Commissioner of Police, AIR 1990 SC 513

9. State vs. Siddhartha Vashisht @ Manu Sharma, 2008 INDLAW SC 846(witness protection) 10. ZahiraHabibullah Sheikh vs. State of Gujarat, 2004 INDLAW SC 408(witness protection)


37

Articles

1. R.K Bag, Perspectives in Victimology in Context of Criminal Justice System, 1999 JILI 41(1) 78

2. K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Victims of both Crime and Punishment: Delhi High Court’s Attempt to

make Law Humane, 2007 JILI 554

MODULE VII PRISONS AND CORRECTIONAL

SYSTEMS

Problems in prisons

Prisoner’s rights

Open prisons

Alternatives to imprisonment


Books



Cases

1. KewalPati (Smt.) v. State of U.P (1995) 3SCC 600

2. ParmanandKatara v. Union of India (1995) 3SCC 248

3. State of Punjab v. Jagirider Singh, (1990) 2SCC 661

4. NilabatiBehra v State of Orissa, (1993 ) 2 SCC746

5. RudulSah v State of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 141

Articles

1. BaxiUpendra, 'Bringing Judas Back to the Last Supper: The Tasks of Republican criminology in

Service of Globalization,' in Rani DhavanSankardass (ed.) Prison and Punishment: Indian and

International Perspectives, 261-343 (New Delhi, Sage)

2. UpendraBaxi, How Charles Shobhraj became a champion of Prisoner’s rights, Telegraph May 8, 1986

available at

http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/How%20sobhraj%20became%20a%20champion%20of%20prisoner

s%20rights.pdf

3. BaxiUpendra, Non-Criminal Lunatics in Prisons- The twilight of Human rights in India, available at

http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/Non-

criminal%20lunatice%20in%20prisons%20twilight%20of%20hu man%20righ ts%20in%20ind.pdf

MODULE VIII: INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO

CRIME

PART 1 – BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM

http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/How%20sobhraj%20became%20a%20champion%20of%20prisoners%20rights.pdf

http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/How%20sobhraj%20became%20a%20champion%20of%20prisoners%20rights.pdf

http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/Non-criminal%25

http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/Non-criminal%25


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Classical Theories of Criminology

CesareBeccaria, Jeremy Bentham

Neo Classical Perspectives

Rossi, Garraud, Joly

Biological Trait Theory

Cesare Lombroso, RafaeleGarafelo, Enrico Ferri




Ltd., New Delhi 2001, Chapter 5 pp. 54 - 76

6. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, 1st Edition, WillianPub., USA 2000, pp

26-54

Articles:

3. M. S. Hoghughi and A. R. Forrest, Eysenck's Theory of Criminality: An Examination with

Approved School Boys, Vol. 10 British Journal of Criminology (1970), p. 240

4. R. O. Pihl, Hair Element Levels of Violent Criminals, Vol. 27 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

(1982), p. 533

Case Laws:


• Bachan Singh, Sher Singh &Anr., and Ujagar Singh &Anr. V. State of Punjab &Ors.,

AIR 1982 SC 1325

MODULE IX - GLOBAL CRIMES

• Controlling Transnational Crime

• War Crimes

• Terrorism

• International Law and Crime


3. Harry R. Dammer and Erika Fairchild, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems, 3rd Edition, Wadsworth/Thomas Learning, Belmont California, 2006

4. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003

Articles:

3. M. Vadanis, The Terrorism Exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Forward Leaning


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Legislation or Just Bad Law, 5 UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affair, 2000, pp. 199-201 4. E.S. Kopelman, Ideology and International Law: The Dissent of the Indian Justice at the Tokyo War

Crimes Trial, 23 NYUJ, Journal of International Law and Policy, 1991 p. 37

MODULE X: CHAIN OF CUSTODY OF EVIDENCE

Crime Scene

Chain of Custody of Evidence


Dr. BR Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Universal Law Publishing Company,

India.

MODULE XI: CYBER CRIMES AND BANK FRAUDS

Internet related crimes

Credit card frauds and bank frauds

RBI Guidelines on credit card frauds

Skimming, site cloning, hacking and other computer crimes


1.JusticeYatindra Singh, Cyber Laws, Jain Publications, India, 5th Edition

2. Dr. BR Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Universal Law Publishing Company,

India.

3. Karnika Seth, Computers Internet and New Technology Laws, 2013, Lexis Nexis, 2013.

Cases:

Dilip Kumar Tulsi Das Shah v. Union of India, [ WP (C ) No. 97] of 2013

GENERAL REFERENCES

Statutes-

1. The Indian Penal Code, 1860

2. The Prisons Act, 1894.

3. The Prisoners Act, 1900.

4. The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920.

5. Constitution of India, 1950

6. The Transfer of Prisoners Act, 1950.

7. The Representation of People‟s Act, 1951.


40

8. The Prisoners (Attendance in Courts) Act, 1955.

9. The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958.

10. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

11. The Mental Health Act, 1987.

12. The Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection) Act, 2000.

13. The Repatriation of Prisoners Act, 2003.

14. Model Prison Manual (2003).

15. Information Technology Act, 2000.

Books-

1. RAO & RAO, The Law Of Pre-Trial Statements Depositions & Police Diaries, 3rdEdn, Wadhwa

2. RAO & RAO, Criminal Trial-Fundamentals and Evidentiary aspects, 4thEdn. Wadhwa.

Periodicals

1. Annual Survey of Indian Law, ILI, New Delhi (1965-2009 )

2. Journal of Indian Law Institute

Websites/Blogs

1. bprd.nic.in

2. http://lawandotherthings.blogspot.in/

3. http://www.prisonstudies.org/

SUBJECT: COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW & JUDICIAL PROCESS

INTRODUCTION

The uniqueness of any Constitution written or unwritten, is that it is usually a product of independence achieved

through hard struggle against existing systems of governance and its values. Therefore, a constitution is a reflection

of aspirations, needs and values of the people. This imparts it as status of a fundamental document on which people

base their dominant institutions of governance. As states differ in their ideologies, so their constitutions.

Constitutions though not immutable but are expected to survive a longer period of time. Generality of a Constitution

and creativity of the judiciary makes it survive, besides sagacity of the people.

http://lawandotherthings.blogspot.in/

http://www.prisonstudies.org/


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Comparative Constitutional law and judicial process as a subject is a study of these values and institutions which,

major jurisdictions have adopted in contemporary world. This course attempts to achieve its objectives through

study of major constitutions of the world with special emphasis on Constitutions of India, UK, USA, and EU and

also with reference to the Constitutions of Germany and France.

OBJECTIVES

• To compare the specificity of different constitutions.

• To study, analyze and understand — contemporary and conventional constitutional issues.

• To appreciate the provisions of these different constitutions through specific case studies.

• To understand the constitutional value, concepts, concerns, challenges and institutions as reflected in the

various constitutions.

TEACHING METHODOLOGY

As per the norms of the university there will be 4 theory classes per week. Teaching Methodology will include

Lecture-cum-case discussion, Assignments/ Projects and Presentations.

EVALUATION SCHEME

• Continuous Assessment 30%

• Project + Presentations 20%

• End Term 50


42

COURSE OUTLINE

MODULE I: INTRODUCTION

• The concept of the ‘Constitution'

• Different States and special features of their Constitution

• Need for Comparative Constitutional law

• The concepts of —'Meta- constitution', Due Process, Judicial review, Rule of law,

Separation of Power, Supremacy of Parliament

Readings:

1. M. P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, (Wadhwa & Wadhwa, Nagpur, 2002)

2. Wade, Constitutional Fundamentals, Hamlyn Lectures (Stevens & Sons, London, 1989)

3. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (Oxford Publishers

2013)

4. H. M. Seervai, A Critical Commentary on Constitutional Law of India, (Universal Law Publishing, Delhi,

1997)

5. V. Dicey, Law of the Constitution, (Universal Law Publishing, Delhi, 2001)

6. Durga Das Basu, Human Rights in Constitutional Law, (Wadhwa & Wadhwa, Nagpur, 2003).

7. V Ramaraj, 'Four Modules of Due Process', 2 Int 7 J. Const. L. 492

8. Allen, T.R.S (2001) 'Constitutional Justice: A liberal theory of Rule of Law' (Oxford University Press:

Oxford)

9. Allen, T.R.S. (1993) 'Law, Liberty and Justice: Legal Foundations of British Constitutionalism' (Oxford:

Clarendon Press)

10. Peele, G (2002), The US Supreme Court, Politicians in Disguise? Politics Review, April 8,2002.

Cases:

1. Keshvanand Bharti v. UOI, AIR 1973 SC 1461

2. Indira Nehru Gandhi v Raj Narain, 1975 Supp Sec

43

43

MODULE II: FUNDAMENTALS OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION

• Political Structure

- Legislature

- Executive

- Judiciary

• Separation of Powers

• Amendment of the Constitution

• Judicial Review

• Commerce Clause, Supremacy Clause, Takings Clause, Equality Clause, First Amendment -Establishment

Clause & Free Speech

• Judicial Set up- Powers and jurisdiction of the courts

• State Action-Need of a change in light of globalization

• Contemporary Issues - Abortion, Substantive Due Process, Flag Burning, Right to Die, Rights of unpopular

minorities

Readings

1. Lawrence H Tribe, Constitutional Choices, (Universal Law Publishing, Delhi, 2003)

2. "Free Speech'Adjudication in US and UK", 54ICLQ

3. 06* Senate Document 2d Session No. 10627, The Constitution of USA Analysis and Interpretation

4. William N. Eskridge, Jr. "United States: Lawrence v. Texas and the imperative of comparative

constitutionalism " 2 Int J Constitutional Law 555

5. Flag Burning, 43 Brandeis L. J. 597.

Cases

1. Marbury v, Madison, 5 US 137 (1803)

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44

2. Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 US 186 (1986)

3. Romer v. Evans, 517 US 620 (1996)

4. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 US 640 (2000)

5. Cruzan v. Missouri Dept. of Health, 497 US 261 (1990)

6. Washington v. Gluckherg, 521 US 702 (1997)

7. Lee v. Weisman, 505 US 577 (1992)

8. Roe v. Wade, 410 US 113 (1973)

10. New York Times v. O'Sullivan, 376 US 254 (1964)

11. Printz v. US, 512 US 898 (1997)

12. Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 517 US 484 (1996)

13. Brown vs. Board of Education, (1954) 347 US 483 •

14. Kelo vs. City of New London, 125 $CT 2655 (2005)

15. Elk Grove United School District vs. Newdow, 542 US 2, (2004)

16. Roper vs. Simmons, 125 SC 1183 (2005)

17. McConnell vs: Federal Election Commission, 540 US 93 (2003)

MODULE III- FUNDAMENTALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM CONSTITUTION

• Political Structure

- Legislature

- Executive

- Judiciary

• Westminster form of Governance

• Parliamentary Sovereignty

• Judicial Review

• Recent changes in light of Community Laws

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45

- Human Rights Act, 1998

- Declaration of Incompatibility

• Separation of Judiciary from the Parliament

Readings:

1. Wade & Forsyth, Administrative Law, (Oxford University Press, 2000

2. Wade, Constitutional Fundamentals. Hamlyn Lectures (Stevens & Sons, London, 1989

3. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (oxford Publishers 2013)

4. Mark ElUot^United Kingdom: Parliamentary Sovereignty underpressure". 2 Int J Constitutional l Law 545

5. Recent House of Lords Decision on Terrorism Act - Right to Torture is violative of constitutional norms.

Cases

1. X v. Sec. of State for Home Dept., [2004] UKHL 56

2. R (Quintvalle) vs. Secretary' of State of Health [2002] 2 WLR 550

3. M VHome Office (1994) 1 AC 377

4. Council of Civil Senice Union vs. Minister of Civil Services (1985) AC 374

5. Anisminic Ltd. Vs. Compensation Tribunal'-(1969) 2 AC 14.

MODULE 4: MAJOR SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE

CONTEMPORARY WORLD

• Political and Judicial Review

- Centralized and Decentralized Judicial Review

46

46

- Incidents and Principles of Judicial Review

(Reference will be made to the constitutions of France and Germany)

• Judicial Activism

• Judicial Review of Constituent powers of the State

• Contemporary problems of Judicial review

- Judicial bias

- Judicial overreach and resultant conflict '

- Limits of Judicial review

• Concept of Judicial self-restraint

• Binding nature of judicial Review

Readings:

1. Benjamin Cardozo, The Nature of Judicial Process, 1921 Yale University Press

2. Thomas M, Keck, The Most Activist Supreme Court in Histoiy: The Road to Modern Judicial Conservatism,

University of Chicago Press, 2004

3. Mark Levin, Men in Black: How the Supreme Court is destroying America (Regnery Publishing, 2005)

4. Herbert Wechsler, Principles Polities and Fundamental Law (Harvard University Press, 1961)

5. A.G. Noorani, Constitutional Questions and Citizen's Rights, Oxford University Press, 2006

6. Upendra Baxi, TowardsaSociology of Law (\9&6)

7. D. Conrad, Basic Structure of the Constitutional Principles, 3 Law and Justice, 99 (1996)

8. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (oxford Publishers 2013)

Cases:

1. Marbury vs. Madison, 5 US 137il 803)

2. Dred Scott v Sanford, 60 US 393 (1857)

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47

3. Plessyvs. Ferguson, 5 US 537 (1896)

4. Brown vs. Board of Education, 347 US (1954)

5. Keshvanand Bharti vs. State of Kerala (1913) 4 SCC 225

6. L. Chandra Kumar vs. Union of India (1997) 3 SCC 225

7. M. Nagarqj vs. Union of India (2006) 8 SCC 261

8. I.R. Coelho vs. State of T.N. (2007) 2 SCC 1

9. Ashok Kumar vs. Union of India (2003) 6 SCC 1

10. Anisminic Ltd vs. Foreign Compensation Commission, (1969) 2 AC 147

11. Associate Provincial Picture Houses Ltd vs. Wednesbury Corporation (1948) 1 KB 223

12. Council of Civil Sendees Union vs. Minister of Civil Services, (1985) AC 374

13. R v Ottew (2001) 2 ALL ER 154

14. R (on application of Mahmood) vs. Secretary of State for the Home Department (2001) 1 WLR 840

15. Rose (2) EM'(I) vs. State for Health (I) Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, Lawtel, 26* July 2002

MODULE V - JUDICIAL PROCESS IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD

• Court Structure

• Appointment of Judges

• Removal of Judges

• Accountability of Judges

• Judicial Standards

Readings:

1. Rajeev Dhawan and Alice Jacob, Selection and Appointment of Supreme Court Judge, (1970) ILI

2. M.P. Singh, 'Merit' in the Appointment of Judges, (1999) 8 SCC (J) 1

3. M.P.Singh, Securing Independence of Judiciary - Indian Experience, 10 Indiana International and Comparative

Law Rev 245 (2000)

4. H.M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India, vol.3 (4* Ed, 1991 -96) p

5. Justice P. Jagmohan Reddy, We hcive a Republic: Can we keep it? Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati

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48

6. K.S. Hegde, Crisis In Indian Judiciary, Sindhu Publication, 1973

7. Raoul Burger, Impeachment: The Constitutional Problems, Harvard University Press, 1973

8. Setalvad, My Life, Law and Other Things, N.M. Tripathi Pvt Ltd, 1971

9. Benjamin N. Cardozo, The Nature of Judicial Process, Yale University Press, 1921

10. Sedely, Sir S. (1994) Governments, Constitutions and Judges (eds.) Administrative Law and Government

Action (Oxford University Press).

11. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (oxford Publishers

2013)

Cases:

1. S.P. Gupta vs. Union Of India, 1981 Supp SCC 739

2. S C Advocate-on-Record Association v Union of India, (1993) 4 SCC 44

3. Presidential Reference, In re (1998) 7 SCC 739

4. Sub-Committee on Judicial Accountability vs. Union of India, (1991) 4 SCC 699

5. Sarojini Ramaswami vs. Union of India, (1992) 4 SCC 506

MODULE VI: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS

European Union Constitution: Leading towards EU Federation.

Human Rights

Terrorism and Armed Conflicts

Constitution in globalised world

Readings:

1. Dieter Grimm, 'Integration by Constitution', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 193

2. J. H. H. Weiler, 'On the power of the word: Europe's Constitutional iconography' 3 Int J Constitutional Law 173

3. Neil walker, 'Europe's constitutional momentum and the search for polity legitimacy’ 3 Int J Constitutional Law 239

4. Andras Sajo, 'Constitution without the constitution moment: A view from the new member states' 3 Int J Constitutional

Law 239

5. Ran Hirschl,-'Preserving hegemony? Assessing the political origins of the EU Constitution momentum' 1 Int J

Constitutional Law 269

6. Armin von Bogdandy, 'The European Constitution and European identity: Text and subtext of the treaty establishing a

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49

constitution for Europe', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 295

7. Michel Rosenfeld, 'The European treaty - constitution and constitutional identity: A view from America', 3 Int J

Constitutional Law 3 1 6 .

8. Miguel Poiares Maduro, 'The importance of being called a constitution: Constitutional authority and the authority of

constitutionalism', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 332

9. Gianluigi Palombella, 'Whose Europe? After the constitution: A goal based citizenship', I Int J Constitutional Law 357

10. Otto Pfersmann, 'The new version of the old constitution', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 283

11. Paul Craig, 'European Governance: Executive and administrative powers under the new constitutional

settlement', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 407

12. George A. Bermann, 'Executive Power in the new European Constitution', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 440

13. Damian Chalmers, 'Judicial Authority and the constitutional treaty', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 448

14. Mattias Kumm and Victor Ferreres Cornelia, 'The Primacy Clause of the Constitutional treaty and die future of

constitutional conflict in me European Union', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 448

15. Franz C. Mayer, 'Competence-reloaded? The vertical division of powers in the EU and the new European constitution',

3 Int J Constitutional Law 493

16. Gerven, 'Remedies for infringement of fundamental rights', Vol. 10 European Public Law Issue 2 P- 261

17. William F. Chinnock, Mark P. Painter, 'The Law of Contempt of Court in Ohio' [34 U. Tol. L. fov.309]

18. Bobde, 'Scandalising the Court', (2003) 8 SCC (Jour) 32

19. T. R. Andhyarujina 'Scandalising the Court - Is it obsolete?', (2003) 4 SCC (Jour) 12

20. Samuel Issacharoff and Richard H. Pildes, 'Emergency contexts without emergency powers: The united States

Constitutional approach to rights during wartime', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 334

21. Stone Geoffrey, 'Free speech in World War II: When are you going to indict the seditionists' 3 Int J Constitutional Law

334

22. Gordon Silverstein, 'Globalization and the rule of law: "A Machine that runs of itself?'" I Int J Constitutional Law

427

Cases:

1. Guantanamo Detainee Case 355 F.Supp 2"d 443 (D.D.C, 2005)

2. PUCL v. VOI, AIR 2004 SC 456; (2204) 9 SCC 580

3. Gherebi vs. Bush, 374 F727 (9* Cir, 2004)

4. Hamdi Case 542 US 507 (2004)

5. Karamatsuvs. WS, 323 US 214 (1944)

6. R. v. Gray, (1900) 2 Q.B. 36,40

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7. C. Ravichandran Iyer v. Justice A. M. Bhattacharjee, (1995) 5 SCC 457

8. R. v. Minister of Labour ex p National Trade Defence Assn., (1931) 47 TLR 364

9. Ambard v. AG of Trinidad & Tobago, 1936 AC 322-355 (PC)

10. Re: Vinay Chandra Mishra, AIR 1995 SC 2348

11. Bathina Ramakrishna Reddy v. State of Madras, 1952 SCR 425

12. Perspective Publications (P) Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra, (1969) 2 SCR 779

13. Article 143 of the Constitution of India, In Re, AIR 1965 SC 745, 791

14. Dr. Subramanian Swamy v. Rama Krishna Hegde, 2000 (10) SCC 331

15. Dr. S. C. Saxena v. Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India, 1996 (5) SC 216

MODULE- VII STATE AND RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY CONSTITUTIONALISM.

1. Concept of Secularism

2. Religion and State in USA Constitution.

3. Religion and State in British Constitution

4. Religion and State in Indian Constitution

5. Religion and State in South Asian States.

Readings:

1. Comparitive Constituonalism in South Asia, edited by Sunil Khilnani,Vikram

Raghvan, Arun K. Thiruvengadam, Oxford University Press- 2013

Project Topics

1. Interrelationship of Fundamental Rights

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2. Legitimacy of the Constitution

3. Legitimacy and Obedience

4. Paradoxes of Constitutional borrowing

5. Interpretation techniques used for International Human Rights Documents

6. Contemporary and Constitutional Issues

7. Meta Constitution

8. The European Constitution and European Identity

9. Multicultural Citizenship and Constitutional norms

10. Doctrine of standing - Comparative perspectives

11. Due Process and Procedure Established by Law

12. Constitutional Amendments – Legitimacy

13. Judicial Activism

14. State and Religion

15. Secularism.

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SUBJECT: NATIONAL SECURITY, PUBLIC ORDER AND RULE OF LAW.


National Security, Public Order and Rule of Law

UNIT I

National Security, Public Orders and Rule of Law: Emergency Detention in England

Civil Liberties, Pre-Independence law.

UNIT II

a) Article 22 of the Constitution, Preventive Detention and Safeguards

b)Declaration of Emergency, 1962, 1965 and 1970 Emergencies, 1975 Emergency

UNIT III

a)Exceptional Legislations: COFEPOSA and other legislation to curb economic offenders,

TADA-The Draconian Law, Comments of NHRC, Special courts and Tribunals, Due

process and special legislation,

b)Martial law, Provisions in English, Provisions in the Constitution.

UNIT IV

a)Civil Liberties and Emergency: Article 19, Meaning of 'Security of State', Meaning of

'Public Order', Suspension of Article 19 Rights on Declaration of Emergency, President's

Right to suspend right to move any court, Article 21-Special importance-

its non-suspendability, Suspendability-44th Amendment.

b)Access to Courts and Emergency: Article 359-ups and downs of judicial review,

Constitution (44th) Amendment Act, 1978, Constitution (59th) Amendment Act, 1988

Suggested Readings

1. G.O.Koppell, The Emergency, The Courts and Indian

Democracy 8 JILI 287 (1966).

2. H.M.Seervai, The Emergency, Future Safeguards and the

Habeas Corpus, 1978.

3. International Commission of Jurists, Status of Emergency and

Human Rights , 1984

4. N.C.Chatterji and Parameshwar Rao, Emergency and the Law,

1966.

SUBJECT: HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER INDIAN CONSTITUTION


Module 1 Human rights law in India

Protection of human rights in India

Supreme Court cases on human rights violation

Origin of human rights law from Indian Constitution

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Module 2 Human rights law, NHRC and SHRC

Composition of NHRC and its functions

Composition of SHRC and its functions

Module- III: Interpretation of Constitution

Law inconsistent with Fundamental Rights (Article- 13)

Meaning and Basis of Judicial Review

Conceptual analysis and comparison with US model

Application and Rules of Interpretation of Article 13

Voidness arising out of Lack of Legislative Competence Doctrine of Severability – Doctrine of Eclipse – Doctrine of waiver

Is Constitutional amendment a ‘law’ under Article- 13

[Cases- Marbury v Madison, A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, State of Bombay v Balsara, R.M.D.C v. Union of India, Bhikaji v State of M.P, Shankari Prasad v UOI, GolakNath v

State of Punjab, Kesavananda Bharti v State of Kerala]

Module- IV: Right to Equality (Article 14-18) and Right to Freedom (19-22)

Introduction

Conceptual Analysis of Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Law

Article 14 permits classification but prohibits class legislation

Test of Reasonable Classification

o [Cases- Ramkrishna Dalmia v Justice Tendulkar, E.P. Royappa v. State of

Tamil Nadu, Maneka Gandhi v UOI, R.D. Shetty v. Airport Authority]

Article 14 and Legitimate expectation

o [Cases- Council of Civil Services Unions v. Minister for the Civil Services,

Navjyoti Co-op. Group Housing Society v. UOI, FCI v M/s Kamdhenu Cattle

Feed Industries, National Building Construction Corporation v. S. Ranghu

Nattam)

Non- Discrimination on the Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth

(Article- 15)

[State of U.P v Pradeep Tandon, Dr. Priti Shrivastav v. State of M.P]

Equality of Opport Moduley in Public Employment (Article- 16) [Case: State of Kerala

v

N.M. Thomas] The Mandal Case – Position after Mandal case – Creamy Layer Concept

[Indira Sawhney v Union of India, Post Graduate Institute of Med. Ed. & Res. V.

Faculty Association, E.V. Chinnaiah v state of A.P, Ashok Kumar Thakur v. UOI, M.

Nagraj v UOI]

Reservation in Promotions (77th Amendment, 81st Amendment, 85th

Amendment)

Abolition of Untouchability (Article- 17) [case- PUDR v UOI]

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Abolition of Titles (Article- 18)

Right to Freedom (19-22)

Introduction

The Six Freedom

a. Freedom of Speech and Expression [cases- National Anthem case, Bennett

Coleman vs UOI, UOI v Navin Jindal, UOI v ADR]

b. Freedom of Assembly

c. Freedom to form Association [Cases- Dharam Dutt v UOI, O.K.A Nair v UOI,

Delhi Police Non-Gazetted Karmachari Sangh v. UOI]

d. Freedom of Movement [Cases- CPI(Marxist) v Bharat Kumar]

e. Freedom of Residence

f. Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business [P. A. Inamder v State

of Maharastra, B.R. Enterprises v State of U.P, Noise Pollution, In re ,

T.M.A.Pai Foundation v State of Karnataka

Conceptual clarity of Reasonable Restriction.

Instance of Reasonable Restrictions.

Instances of Unreasonable Restrictions.

Protection in Respect of Conviction for offences (Article 20)

Ex-post Facto law Double Jeopardy

Protection against Self-Incrimination

[Cases- Nandani Sathpathy v. P.L. Dani, Sampath Kumar v E.O. Enforcement Directorate,

Madras]

Protection of Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21): Introduction – Prior to Maneka Gandhi

Decision – Maneka Gandhi’s Case- A new Dimension – Post Maneka Gandhi Case

[Cases- A.K. Gopalan case, kharak Singh Case v State of Punjab, Maneka Gandhi v. UOI,

Francis Coralie v. Delhi Adminstration, Sunil Batra case, Hussainara Khatoon case, Olga

Tellis v Bombay Municipal Corporation, M.C Mehta v UOI, PUDR v UOI, PUCL v UOI]

Judicial Activism with Article 21

Right to Education (Article- 21A) (Cases- Mohini Jain and Unni Krishnan case v

State of A.P)

Safegaurds Against Arbitrary Arrest and Detention (Article-

22) [Cases- Joginder Kumar v State of U.P, D.K.Basu v State of

W.B]

Module-V: Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24) and Right to Freedom of Religion (Article

25-28)

Prohibition of ‘Traffic in Human Beings’ and Forced Labour

Prohibition of employement of Children in Factories

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[Cases- PUDR v UOI, Gaurav Jain v UOI, M.C Mehta v State of T.N, Bandhua Mukti

Morcha v UOI]

Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28)

India is a Secular State

Secularism meaning and respect for different Religion What is Religion

Restriction on Freedom of Religion

Freedom to manage religious affairs

Right to establish and maintain Institution for Religious and Charitable purpose

Right to manage ‘matter of Religion’

[Cases- S. R. Bommai v UOI, M. Ismail Faruqui v UOI, Bijoe Emmanuel v State of Kerala,

Bramachari Sidheswarshai v State of W.B, Aruna Roy v UOI]

Module VI: Cultural and Educational Rights (Article- 29-30)

Distinction between Article 29(2) and Article 15(1)

Relationship between Article 29(1) and 30(1)

Unaided minority educational institutions

Unni Krishnan and St. Stephen’s Decision partly overruled

[Cases- Unni Krishnan v. state of A.P, St. Stephen college v University of Delhi, Frank

Anthony Public School Employees Association v UOI, T.M.A PAI foundation v state of

Karnataka, P.A. Inamdar v State of Maharashtra]

Module VII: Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32-35)

Introduction – Who can apply – A Dynamic approach:- Origin of Public Interest

Litigation – Abuse of PIL- Guideline by Supreme Court – Judicial Activisim vis-a- vis

Judicial Restrain

[Rupa Ashok Hura v. Ashok Hura, A.B.S.K Sang (Rly) v. UOI, PUDR v. UOI, Bandhua

Mukti Morcha case, Sheela Barse v. UOI, Shiram Food and Fertilizer case, etc]

Module VIII: Directive Principle of State Policy (Article 36-51)

Introduction

Objective of DPSP

Modes of DPSP

Social and Economic Charter [cases-M.C. Mehta case I,II] Social Security Charter [Unni Krishnan Case, Centre of Legal Research v State

of Kerala]

Comm Moduley Welfare Charter [Sarala Mudgal v UOI, Danial Latif v UOI,

Relation between DPSP and FR

DPSP given status of FR

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Module IX: Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

Needs for Fundamental Duties

Sources of Fundamental Duties

Fundamental Duties- An aid to Interpretation of constitutional

Provisions [Cases- AIIMS student union v. AIIMS, Aruna Roy v UOI]

Bare Acts:

The Constitution of India

Suggested Readings:-

1. M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur

2. V.N.Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow

3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution-Cornerstone of a Nation, OUP, New Delhi

4. H.M.Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes), N.M.Tripathi, Bombay

5. G.C.V.Subba Rao, Indian Constitutional Law, S.Gogia & Co., Hyderabad