SUBMARINE CABLE

Name: Subrata Paul Roll: 13015411 Year:3rd

Sem:1st

Computer Science and Engineering Rajshahi University

Submarine cable

A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-

based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean. The first submarine communications cables, laid in

the 1850s, carried telegraphy traffic.

• A cross section of a modern submarine communications cable.1 – Polyethylene2 – Mylar tape3 – Stranded steel wires4 – Aluminium water barrier5 – Polycarbonate6 – Copper or aluminium tube7 – Petroleum jelly8 – Optical fibers

Submarine cable map

• TeleGeography’s Submarine Cable Map has been updated for 2015. The latest edition depicts 299 cable systems that are currently active, under construction, or expected to be fully-funded by the end of 2015.

Submarine cable map

Cables under the PACIFIC OCEAN: ALASKA UNITED EAST NORTHSTAR ACS ALASKA-OREGON PACIFIC CROSSING-1 TATA TGN-PACIFIC TRANS-PACIFIC EXPRESS NEW CROSS PACIFIC[2017] FASTER[2016] CHINA-U.S JAPAN-U.S UNITY/EAC-PACIFIC SOUTHERN CROSS ASIA-AMERICA GATEWAY

Cables under the ATLANTIC OCEAN: GREENLAND CONNECT AP0LLO HIBERNIA ATLANTIC FLAG ATLANTIC-I TAT-I4 YELLOW ATLANTIC CROSSING-I SAM-I HIBERNIA EXPRESS SAC TATA TGN-ATLANTIC AMERICAS-II FARICE-I GLOBENET CANTAT-3 NORWEGIAN ( SOUTH DANICE SEA ATLANTIC CABLE SHEFA-2 SYSTEM[2016]) ACE TAGIDE 2

Cable under the INDIAN OCEAN: EASSY SEACOM/TATA TGN-EUROPE TEAMS ARABIAN AAE-I SEA GBI/MENA IMEWE DHIRAAGU GABLE NETWORK BBG[2015] I2ICN TATA TGN-TATA INDICOM BAY OF SEAMEWE-4 BANGAL SEAMEWE-5 FLAG EUROPE-ASIA SEAMEWE-3

Undersea Cable Map.

SEA-ME-EU 4 SUBMARINE CABLE

The submarine cable system with which Bangladesh is currently connected through BSCCL is a high capacity optical fiber Submarine Cable System linking 16 companies of 14 countries. It is called the South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe- 4 (SEA-ME-WE-4) cable network and is under an International Consortium. It has a total length of 20,000 km with 1.28 Terabit/Sec capacity.

THE SEAMEWE-4 CABLE MAP

SEA-ME-WE 5 Secures Bangladesh Landing

• According to Bangladesh's bdnews24.com, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited (BSCCL) have both confirmed to connect with SEA-ME-WE-5 (SMW5). SMW5 is expected to land at Kuakata in Patuakhali district in the first quarter of 2016. SMW5 will be the second submarine cable system landing

SEA-ME-WE 5 Secures Bangladesh Landing

in Bangladesh. Bangladesh will invest a total of US$ 70 million on SEA-ME-WE 5, of which US$ 40 million would be managed from the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) as loan.

• In 2005, Bangladesh was connected with the first submarine cable at a cost of US$ 35.2 million that took 18 months for installation.

SEA-ME-WE 5 Secures Bangladesh Landing

• In December 2011, Submarine Cable Company, a state-run operator, signed an agreement with the SEA-ME-WE 5 consortium to lay a new undersea cable by 2014.

• Monwar Hossain, Managing Director of Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited, said the country was currently consuming only 40 Gbps while the capacity of the cable was 200 Gbps.

SEA-ME-WE 5 Secures Bangladesh Landing

• Bangladesh will be connected with the second submarine cable SEA-ME-WE-5 (South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 5) by the first quarter of 2016, which will help the country get an additional bandwidth of 140 Gbps, officials said.

Process of laying submarine cable Submarine cable laying process starts from the Landing Station, where a long cable section is connected to the landing-point and then extended out to a few kilometers in the sea. This end is connected to the cable on the ship and then the ship starts its cable laying process.

• A cable laying ship at sea.

• Here is a picture of a repeater being launched into the sea (which is placed every 40-60 kilometers) to fix and strengthen the fiber-optic signal and to amplify it

• Here is the process of laying submarine cable with a plough

Cable plough on shore being pulled to the ocean via a Ship

Submarine Cable - Manufacturer / Supplier Directory

There are many company which related submarine cable connection . Some of those are bellow:• Company: Hengtong Marine Cable System

Headquarters: China• Company: AEI Cables

Headquarters: United Kingdom• Company: Alcatel-Lucent

Headquarters: France

Submarine Cable - Manufacturer / Supplier Directory

• Company: Corning Cable SystemsHeadquarters: USA

• Company: EricssonHeadquarters: Sweden

• Company: FulgorHeadquarters: Greece

• Company: HesfibelHeadquarters: Turkey

Submarine Cable - Manufacturer / Supplier Directory

• Company: Jainson Cables India Pvt LtdHeadquarters: India

• Company: LS Cable & SystemHeadquarters: South Korea

• Company: ZTT (Jiangsu Zhongtian Technology Co.,Ltd.)Headquarters: China

Why don’t we use satellite communication instead

• 1. Satellites aren’t used because they can’t carry terabytes of data for less than a billion dollars per communication line.

• 2. The bandwidth available using a single fiber optic cable and a laser beam is much much greater than you can get from a single satellite radio channel. This is due to the higher frequency and shorter wavelength of light compared to microwaves. The higher the frequency, the greater the bandwidth.

Why don’t we use satellite communication instead• 3. An undersea cable is a bundle many fiber

optic cables. Consider each fiber cable as a channel. You can have more channels, each with a higher capacity, than you can build radio channels into a satellite.

• 4. The uplinks and downlinks cost and putting the satellite in space is a huge ask and far more risky.

Why don’t we use satellite communication instead• 5. The delay for satellite communications would

be around 255ms both uplink and downlink. For continuous traffic this not to a bad price to pay. But for burst traffic (like voice) you pay for the delay at each pause. The Rule of Thumb is 10MS per 1000 miles so Rule of Thumb to Europe on say TAT-8 would be about 75MS vs 510MS for satellite.

• 6. Finally, we can fix a broken cable. Once we launch the satellite we don’t get a chance to fix it if it gets broke.