subpart d - health & environment

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OSHA OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTHADMINISTRATION

Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls1926.50 Medical services and first aid

1926.50(a) “The employer shall insure the availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of occupational health.”

1926.50(b) “Provisions shall be made prior to commencement of the project for prompt medical attention in case of serious injury.”

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1926.50(c) “In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician, that is reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance to the worksite, which is available for the treatment of injured employees, a person who has a valid certificate in first aid training from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red Cross, or equivalent training that can be verified by documentary evidence, shall be available at the worksite to render first aid.”

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1926.50(d)(1) “First aid supplies shall be easily accessible when required.”

1926.50(d)(2) “The contents of the first aid kit shall be placed in a weather-proof container with individual sealed packages for each type of item, and shall be checked by the employer before being sent out on each job and at least weekly on each job to ensure that the expended items are replaced.”

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1926.50(e) “Proper equipment for prompt transportation of the injured person to a physician or hospital, or a communication system for contacting necessary ambulance service, shall be provided.”

1926.50(f) “In areas where 911 is not available, the telephone numbers of the physicians, hospitals, or ambulances shall be conspicuously posted.”

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1926.50(g) “Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use.”

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Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls1926.51 Sanitation

1926.51(a) Potable water. (1) “An adequate supply of potable water shall be provided in all places of employment.”

1926.51(a)(2) “Portable containers used to dispense drinking water shall be capable of being tightly closed, and equipped with a tap. Water shall not be dipped from containers.”



1926. 51(a)(3) “Any container used to distribute drinking water shall be clearly marked as to the nature of its contents and not used for any other purpose.”

1926.51(a)(4) “The common drinking cup is prohibited.”

1926.51(a)(5) “Where single service cups (to be used but once) are supplied, both a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided.”

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1926.51(b) Nonportable water. (1) “Outlets for nonportable water, such as water for industrial or firefighting purposes only, shall be identified by signs meeting the requirements of subpart G of this part, to indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing, or cooking purposes.”

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1926.51(c) Toilets at construction jobsites. (1) “Toilets shall be provided for employees according to the following table.”

Table D - 1

Number ofEmployees

20 or less

20 or more

200 or more

1

1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 40 workers

1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 50 workers

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Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls1926.52 Occupational noise exposure

1926.52(a) “Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in Table D-2 of this section when measured on the A-scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response.”



TABLE D-2 PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURESDuration per day, hours: Sound level dBA slow response

8………………………………… 906………………………………… 924………………………………… 953………………………………… 972………………………………… 1001 ½……………………………… 1021………………………………… 105½………………………………... 110¼ or less………………………… 115

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1926.52(b) “When employees are subjected to sound levels exceeding those listed in Table D-2 of this section, feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table, personal protective equipment as required in subpart E, shall be provided and used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table.”

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Examples of DifferentNoise Reduction Ratings

NRR 35 DecibelsNRR 29 Decibels

NRR 22 Decibels

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1926.52(c) “If the variations in noise level involve maxima at intervals of 1 second or less, it is to be considered continuous.”

1926.52(d)(1) “In all cases where the sound levels exceed the values shown herein, a continuing, effective hearing conservation program shall be administered.”

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1926.52(d)(2)(i) “When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise exposure of different levels, their combined effect should be considered, rather than the individual effect of each. Exposure to different levels for various periods of time shall be computed according to the formula set forth in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section.”

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Hand Tampers liberatecontinuous noise even though they are doing impact work.



1926.52(d)(2)(ii)Fe = (T1/ L1) + (T2/L2 ) + (Tn/Ln)

Where:Fe = The equivalent noise exposure factor.T = The period of noise exposure at any essentiallyconstant levelL = The duration of the permissible noise exposure at the constant level (from Table D-2).

If the value of Fe exceeds unity (1) the exposure exceeds permissible levels.



1926.52(d)(2)(iii) “A sample computation showing an application of the formula in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section is as follows. An employee is exposed at these levels for these periods:”

110 dbA ¼ hour.100 dbA ½ hour.90 dbA 1 ½ hours.

Fe = (1/4 / ½) + (1/2 / 2) + (1 ½ / 8) Fe = 0.500 + 0.25 + 0.188Fe = 0.938The exposure is within permissible limits

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“Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 140 db peak sound pressure level.”

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Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists.

1926.55(a) “Exposure of employees to inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, or contact with any material or substance at a concentration above those specified in the Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants for 1970” of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, shall be avoided. See Appendix A to this section.”

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Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls1926.56 Illumination

1926.56(a) General. “Construction areas, ramps, runways, corridors, offices, shops, and storage areas shall be lighted to not less than the minimum illumination intensities listed in Table D-3 while any work is in progress.”

5............. General construction area lighting.3............. General construction areas, concrete placement, excavation and waste areas, access ways, active storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and field maintenance areas.5............. Indoors: warehouses, corridors, hallways, and exitways.5............. Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas: (Exception: minimum of 10 foot-candles is required at tunnel and shaft heading during drilling, mucking, and scaling. Bureau of Mines approved cap lights shall be acceptable for use in the tunnel heading)10............ General construction plant and shops (e.g., batch plants, screening plants, mechanical and electrical equipment rooms, carpenter shops, rigging lofts and active store rooms, mess halls, and indoor toilets and workrooms.)30............ First aid stations, infirmaries, and offices.

Foot candles Area of Operation

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Subpart D-Occupational Health and Environmental Controls

1926.57 Ventilation

1926.57(a) Whenever hazardous substances such as dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases exist or are produced in the course of construction work, their concentrations shall not exceed the limits specified in 1926.55(a)……..



1926.59 Hazard Communication

1926.59 Hazard Communication.NOTE: “The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1200 of this chapter.”

1910.1200(a) Purpose. (1) The purpose of this section is to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced or imported are evaluated, and that information concerning their hazards is transmitted to employers and employees…….

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1910.1200(e) Written hazard communication program. (1) “Employers shall develop, implement, and maintain at each workplace, a written hazard communication program which at least describes how the criteria specified in paragraphs (f), (g), and (h) of this section for labels and other forms of warning, material safety data sheets, and employee information and training will be met, and which also includes the following.”

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1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(e)(1)(i) A list of hazardous chemicals known to be present……….

1910.1200(e)(1)(ii) The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks……

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1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(e)(2) Multi-employer workplaces. “Employers who produce, use, or store hazardous chemicals at a workplace in such a way that the employees of other employer(s) may be exposed (for example, employees of a construction contractor working on-site) shall additionally ensure that the hazard communication programs developed and implemented under this paragraph (e) include the following:”



1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(e)(2)(i) “The methods the employer will use to provide the other employer(s) on-site access to material safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical the other employer(s) employees may be exposed to while working.”

1910.1200(e)(2)(ii) “The methods the employer will use to inform the other employer(s) of any precautionary measures that need to be taken to protect employees during the workplace’s normal operating conditions and in foreseeable emergenices; and,”

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1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(e)(2)(iii) “The methods the employer will use to inform the other employer(s) of the labeling system used in the workplace.”

1910.1200(e)(5) “Where employees must travel between workplaces during a workshift, i.e. their work is carried out at more than one geographical location, the written hazard communication program may be kept at the primary workplace facility.”

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1910.1200(f)(9) “The employer shall ensure that labels or other forms of warning are legible, in English, and prominently displayed on the container, or readily available in the work area throughout each work shift. Employers having employees who speak other languages may add the information in their language to the material presented, as long as the information is presented in English as well.”

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1910.1200(g) Material safety data sheets. (1) “Chemical manufacturers and importers shall obtain or develop a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical they produce or import. Employers shall have a material safety data sheet in the workplace for each hazardous chemical which they use.”



1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(g)(8) “The employer shall maintain in the workplace copies of the required material safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical, and shall ensure that they are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work area(s) (Electronic access, microfiche, and other alternatives to maintaining paper copies of the material safety data sheets are permitted as long as no barriers to immediate access in each workplace are created by such options).”

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1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(g)(9) “Where employees must travel between workplaces during a workshift, i.e. their work is carried out at more than one geographical location, the material safety data sheets may be kept at the primary workplace facility. In this situation, the employer shall ensure that employees can immediately obtain the required information in an emergency.”

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1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(h) Employee information and training. (1) Employers shall provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area………………

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1910.1200(h)(2) Information. “Employees shall be informed of;”1910.1200(h)(2)(i) “The requirements of this section;”1910.1200(h)(2)(ii) “Any operation in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present; and,”1910.1200(h)(2)(iii) “The location and availability of the written hazard communication program, including the required list(s) of hazardous chemicals and material safety data sheets required by this section.”

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1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(h)(3) Training. “Employee training shall include at least;”

1910.1200(h)(3)(i) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical……………

1910.1200(h)(3)(ii) “The physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the work area;”

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1910.1200 Hazard Communication1910.1200(h)(3)(iii) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards………..

1910.1200(h)(3)(iv) The details of the hazard communication program developed by the employer……

subpart d - health & environment

Health & Medicine