substance abuse
DESCRIPTION
SUBSTANCE ABUSE. Addiction. REASONS WHY TEENS USE SUBSTANCES. Addiction. : condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use Develop a physical need for the drug Brain Brain reward good behavior Neurotransmitters release of dopamine - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
ADDICTION
REASONS WHY TEENS USE SUBSTANCES
Addiction
: condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use
Develop a physical need for the drug Brain
Brain reward good behavior Neurotransmitters release of dopamine
Dopamine lets us feel pleasure Drugs will the brain into thinking this
is a good thing for the body
Path to Addiction
Use of a drug Drug use produces
in the brainTeens brains – more vulnerable, brains are
still developing Tolerance
: condition in which a user needs more of a drug to get the same effect
Path to Addiction cont. Dependence
: condition in which the body relies on a given drug in order to function
: state of emotionally or physically needing a drug in order to function
AddictionLose control of Learns how to use drugs to deal with
emotional problems Lie, steal, distrustful, paranoid
Path to Addiction cont. Withdrawal
: uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using drugs
Symptoms are the of the drug’s effects
Addict feels normal only when the drug is in the body
No one starts using drugs to become an addict, but every addict starts as
someone experimenting with drugs.
Drug use activatesThe brain rewardSystem (pleasure
System)
The drug user needsMore of the drug To produce the
Same effect
The drug user experiences Uncomfortable withdrawal
Symptoms if he or she tries
To stop using the drug
The drug user hasLost control of his Or her drug-taking
Habit
Addiction is a treatable disease
Fighting addiction is Treatment programs
Getting off the drug Counseling to understand the addiction &
cope with life Earlier the treatment the
COST OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
GREATLY OUTWEIGH ANY IMAGINED
BENEFITS
TOBACCO
WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES? Each puff – 43 chemicals known to cause
cancer : cancer-causing
substances – poisonous, colorless liquid with a
bitter-almond odor; blocks the ability to body cells to use oxygen
– used as a disinfectant, insecticide, fungicide, and deodorant
– extremely poisonous semi metallic element used commercially in manufacturing of glass
WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES? CONT. : addictive drug in
cigarettes : a drug that increases the
action of the central nervous system, heart, and other organs
: a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
: colorless, poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes through the lungs into the blood
OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO
: tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or chewed
Smoking Inhale less smoke but more likely to develop
cancer because more tar and other chemicals Specialty cigarettes
Made with strong tobacco and contain spices that make them taste and smell sweet
Contain more cancer-causing tars
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
– destruction of the tiny air sacs, less surface area, more breaths than before
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONT.
– bronchi irritated by smoke, cilia are destroyed and extra mucus present, develop cough, cancerous cells grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move into the lungs
DISEASE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM the blood vessels, build
up of plaque in the blood vessels Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the
arteries Raises Increase stroke
DANGERS OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO
Spit, tar, and other chemicals can be
Tooth decay & discolored teeth Gums pulled away Bad breath Decrease ability to
DANGERS OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO CONT.
: thickened white, leathery-appearing spots on the inside of a smokeless tobacco user’s mouth that can develop into cancer
: lip, mouth, or throat
SECONDHAND SMOKE : cigarette, cigar, or
pipe smoke inhaled by nonsmokers – smoke that remains in a closed environment after the smoker is through smoking Eye irritation, headache, coughing, ear
infections, asthma attacks, respiratory problems, heart and lung diseases
: smoke that a smoker blows off
: smoke that comes from burning tobacco
RIGHTS OF THE NONSMOKER nonsmokers report they are
bothered by smoke but only will ask someone to stop
Smokers need to take responsibility of their smoke
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO WORK TOWARD A SMOKE-FREE SOCIETY
ALCOHOL
WHAT IS ALCOHOL?
: the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beveragesMade synthetically or fermentation : chemical action of
yeast on sugarsFruits, vegetables, or grains
Beers, wines, or liquors (whiskey, gin, and vodka)
At first alcohol may give a certain energy or “ ”
WHAT IS ALCOHOL? CONT. Soon followed by – causing
the central nervous system to slow down : physical and
mental impairment resulting from the use of alcohol – inability to walk or unconsciousness The amount of alcohol varies between people
EQUAL AMOUNTS OF ALCOHOL
4 oz of wine 2 oz of liquor 12 oz beer
WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYSHORT-TERM EFFECTS
– depresses the activity, slowing down the work of the central nervous system Decision making can be badly affected
– oxidation – changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy 1/3 to ½ an ounce per hour
– dilate or widen, increase blood flow (making the skin feel flush and warm), body temperature actually decreases
WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYSHORT-TERM EFFECTS CONT.
- increase heart rate and increase blood pressure, can lead to arrhythmias, abnormal heartbeat, heart attack, and stroke
– affects the pituitary gland which affects the kidney to produce more urine (why the person feels dehydrated)
– molecule are very small so they do not need to be digested, immediate absorption, the more alcohol the more gastric juices
WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYLONG-TERM EFFECTS
Alcohol robs the body of its ability to absorb key nutrients and long-term overuse may lead to Vitamin deficiencies
Stomach and skin problemsLiver problems
Loss of appetite Brain
Decrease brain size Intellectual abilitiesMemoryProblem solving
DUI OR DWI Driving Under the Influence (DUI) or
Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) :
the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a percentage
Percentage varies Factors – gender, weight, metabolism,
amount of alcohol, whether food is present, time between drinks, and time of last drink
DUI OR DWI CONT. Drivers ability
Reduces the ability Distance, speed, and turns Accurately ones own capabilities and
limitations Concentrate
Increase the tendency to Slows reflexesAdds to to take precautions
such as using signals when turning
DUI OR DWI CONT. Consequences of DUI
11 teens killed over 350 injured each day Harmful for of crashes which passenger dies
occur because of DWIConfiscation of license, jail, court, fine,
higher insurance, possible lawsuit
THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT
– occurs when 2 or more medicines are taken simultaneouslyAlcohol combined with other drugs or
medicines produces an interaction known as the multiplier effect
Many
PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE
: periodic excessive drinkingPopular with high school and college
students : dangerous toxic
condition that occurs when a person drinks a large amount of alcohol4 times a legal limit
ALCOHOLISM : physical and
psychological dependence on the drug ethanol - it is disease
Stage 1 - Drinking becomes necessary to manage
stressDrink and become intoxicated regularly Drinker makes excuses and tries to
rationalize his or her behaviors
ALCOHOLISM CONT.
Stage 2 - Physical dependenceDrink alone, drink everyday, craving for alcoholDefensive behavior - deny that there is a problem
Stage 3 - Problem no longer can be deniedMalnutritionPerson falls apart physically, mentally,
emotionally, and socially Reverse tolerance - takes less alcohol (DTs): dramatic physical
and psychological effects of alcohol withdrawalHot and cold flashes, severe tremors, nightmares, hallucinations, fear of people and animals - need prompt medical attention
CHOOSING TO BE ALCOHOL-FREE
Saying no to alcoholPractice Keep it brief, polite, confident, and to the
point
DRUGS
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
: any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substance for nonmedical purposes
: street drugs, these substances are against the law for people of any age to manufacture, possess, buy, or sellSome occur naturally : chemical
substances produced artificially in a laboratory
SUBSTANCE ABUSE CONT. : the use or
sale of any substances that are illegal or other wise not permitted Includes selling of prescription drugs on
the street : drugs that often
lead to other serious and dangerous drug useAlcohol and nicotine
DANGERS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Side effects - : strong or even fatal
reaction to taking a large amount of a drug No control or means of monitoring
drugs for quality, purity, or strength
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Stimulants Depressants Narcotics Hallucinogens
STIMULANTS : drugs that speed up
the central nervous systemCause increased heart and respiratory rates,
high blood pressure, dilated pupils, and decreased appetite
Experience sweating, headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, and sleeplessness
Inhalation or injection - increase blood pressure, stroke, high fever, or heart failure
Moodiness, restlessness, and anxietyChronic users - hallucinations, delusions, and
paranoia : irrational suspiciousness or
distrust of others
STIMULANTS CONT.
Stay awake, alert, lose weight, offset the effects of depressant drugs, and temporary high
: a feeling of tense well being or elation that maybe followed by a complete “crash” or meltdown
- crank, speed, ice, meth Suppressed appetite, interference with
sleeping behaviors, mood swings, unpredictability, tremors & convulsions
Very quick addiction and the effects to the body are dramatic
METH PICTURES
http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/faces/index.html
STIMULANTS CONT.
White powder from the coca bush (South America)
Regular use - depression, edginess, weight loss, physiological dependence
Nasal damage, holes in the septum Crack - smokeable form of cocaine
Extremely addictive - effects are felt within seconds
DEPRESSANTS
: drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system Relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension
and worry, bring on sleep Slows down heart and breathing rate,
reduced blood pressure
Sedative hypnotic drugs (induce sleepiness)Feeling similar to that of intoxication and
counteracts the effects of stimulants
DEPRESSANTS CONT.
Reduce muscular activity, coordination, and attention span
Some medical uses
Originally prescribed to reduce anxiety and to help with insomnia
Temporary euphoria Effects - rapid dependence, headache,
diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, and comaPeople die by combining this depressant with
alcohol
NARCOTICS
: drugs derived from the opium plant that have a sedative effects Opiates - opium from poppy flower
Natural compound in opiumUsed to reduce severe pain Appetite suppressant, cause severe
constipation, and lead to addiction
Used in cough medications to stop coughing
NARCOTICS CONT.
Made from morphine Depress the central nervous system and
slows breathing and pulse rateTolerance develops quickly More dangerous because the purity is 10
times stronger than it was in the 80’s
HALLUCINOGENS : drugs that alter moods,
thoughts, sense perceptions (vision, hearing, smell, & touch)
- angel dustFeel distant and detachedTime and body movement are slow, muscles
coordination, sense of touch and pain are dulledFeel strong and powerful - resulting tragic death,
serious accidents, and terrible acts of violence - acid
Very similar to PCP
Psychoactive ingredient of the peyote cactus “Bad trip”Vicious stomach cramps and vomiting
STEROIDS synthetic derivatives
of the male hormone testosterone Medicine - help Cause - mood swings, abnormal violence
and aggressive behavior (“roid rage”)High blood pressure, acne, baldness, increased
risk of liver damage, heart disease, increased growth of body & facial hair, stroke from blood clots, depression, decrease sperm production, testicle size, increase breast size (females decrease)
Misconception that it makes you stronger - makes the muscles bigger
CANNABIS DERIVATIVES
Cannabis - scientific name for hemp plant : cannabis that is
smoked, eaten, or drunk for intoxicating effects
: “Hash” dark brown resin collected from the tops of the cannabis plantSmoked in a pipeBoiled to make hashish oil - then combined
with tobacco
PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CANNABIS
- same effects as depression and stimulant
Alters your senses, coordination, and reaction time
Interrupt your ability to make rational and healthful decision
Stimulate Personality problems with regular marijuana
users - loss of willpower, motivation, lack of energy, and paranoia
Affects, memory, ability to recall things, ability to pay attention
PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CANNABIS CONT.
Cannabis smoke contains more cancer-causing chemicals than cigarette smoke
- lower levels of testosterone, decrease sperm production
- still birth, lower birth weight conditions similar to fetal alcohol syndrome
INHALANTS : substances with
breathable fumes that are sniffed and inhaled to give hallucinogenic or mind-altering high
Glues, paints, aerosols, lighter fluid and gasoline
the central nervous system and produce similar effects as alcohol
Immediate effects - nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, loss of appetite
INHALANTS CONT. Long-term effects - liver and kidney
damage, changes in bone marrow, permanent brain damage
Hearing loss, limb spasm, blood oxygen depletion
Coma, vegetative state, respiratory problem - from one use
High concentrations of inhalants can cause suffocation
- move onto something stronger
Peak age - 14
DESIGNER DRUGS
: synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of narcotics and hallucinogens
Several hundred times stronger Symptoms - uncontrollable tremors,
drooling, impaired speech, paralysis, irreversible brain damage
- short-term feelings of euphoriaResulting - confusion, depression, paranoia,
psychosis, increase heart rate and blood pressure
Long-term damage to brain cells
LOOK-ALIKE DRUGS
: made to physically resemble specific drugs Never know what you are getting
“ ” might contain high doses of caffeine plus cold medicines Cause dangerously fast heart rates, changes in
blood pressure, strange behaviors, nervousness, and breathing problems
Sometimes they are just sugar pills - for huge profits
Hard to diagnose - makes treatments very difficult - they do not know what drugs were used
SCHOOL EFFORTS TO STOP DRUGS
: areas within 1,000 feet of schools and designated by signs, within which people caught selling drugs will receive especially tough penalties
What else is being done: