substance abuse

62
SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Upload: carson-brady

Post on 03-Jan-2016

47 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

SUBSTANCE ABUSE. Addiction. REASONS WHY TEENS USE SUBSTANCES. Addiction. : condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use Develop a physical need for the drug Brain Brain reward good behavior Neurotransmitters release of dopamine - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Page 2: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

ADDICTION

Page 3: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

REASONS WHY TEENS USE SUBSTANCES

Page 4: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Addiction

: condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use

Develop a physical need for the drug Brain

Brain reward good behavior Neurotransmitters release of dopamine

Dopamine lets us feel pleasure Drugs will the brain into thinking this

is a good thing for the body

Page 5: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Path to Addiction

Use of a drug Drug use produces

in the brainTeens brains – more vulnerable, brains are

still developing Tolerance

: condition in which a user needs more of a drug to get the same effect

Page 6: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Path to Addiction cont. Dependence

: condition in which the body relies on a given drug in order to function

: state of emotionally or physically needing a drug in order to function

AddictionLose control of Learns how to use drugs to deal with

emotional problems Lie, steal, distrustful, paranoid

Page 7: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Path to Addiction cont. Withdrawal

: uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using drugs

Symptoms are the of the drug’s effects

Addict feels normal only when the drug is in the body

Page 8: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

No one starts using drugs to become an addict, but every addict starts as

someone experimenting with drugs.

Drug use activatesThe brain rewardSystem (pleasure

System)

The drug user needsMore of the drug To produce the

Same effect

The drug user experiences Uncomfortable withdrawal

Symptoms if he or she tries

To stop using the drug

The drug user hasLost control of his Or her drug-taking

Habit

Page 9: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Addiction is a treatable disease

Fighting addiction is Treatment programs

Getting off the drug Counseling to understand the addiction &

cope with life Earlier the treatment the

Page 10: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

COST OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Page 11: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES

GREATLY OUTWEIGH ANY IMAGINED

BENEFITS

Page 12: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

TOBACCO

Page 13: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES? Each puff – 43 chemicals known to cause

cancer : cancer-causing

substances – poisonous, colorless liquid with a

bitter-almond odor; blocks the ability to body cells to use oxygen

– used as a disinfectant, insecticide, fungicide, and deodorant

– extremely poisonous semi metallic element used commercially in manufacturing of glass

Page 14: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES? CONT. : addictive drug in

cigarettes : a drug that increases the

action of the central nervous system, heart, and other organs

: a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns

: colorless, poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes through the lungs into the blood

Page 15: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO

: tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or chewed

Smoking Inhale less smoke but more likely to develop

cancer because more tar and other chemicals Specialty cigarettes

Made with strong tobacco and contain spices that make them taste and smell sweet

Contain more cancer-causing tars

Page 16: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

– destruction of the tiny air sacs, less surface area, more breaths than before

Page 17: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONT.

– bronchi irritated by smoke, cilia are destroyed and extra mucus present, develop cough, cancerous cells grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move into the lungs

Page 18: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DISEASE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM the blood vessels, build

up of plaque in the blood vessels Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the

arteries Raises Increase stroke

Page 19: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DANGERS OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO

Spit, tar, and other chemicals can be

Tooth decay & discolored teeth Gums pulled away Bad breath Decrease ability to

Page 20: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DANGERS OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO CONT.

: thickened white, leathery-appearing spots on the inside of a smokeless tobacco user’s mouth that can develop into cancer

: lip, mouth, or throat

Page 21: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

SECONDHAND SMOKE : cigarette, cigar, or

pipe smoke inhaled by nonsmokers – smoke that remains in a closed environment after the smoker is through smoking Eye irritation, headache, coughing, ear

infections, asthma attacks, respiratory problems, heart and lung diseases

: smoke that a smoker blows off

: smoke that comes from burning tobacco

Page 22: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

RIGHTS OF THE NONSMOKER nonsmokers report they are

bothered by smoke but only will ask someone to stop

Smokers need to take responsibility of their smoke

Page 23: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO WORK TOWARD A SMOKE-FREE SOCIETY

Page 24: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

ALCOHOL

Page 25: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT IS ALCOHOL?

: the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beveragesMade synthetically or fermentation : chemical action of

yeast on sugarsFruits, vegetables, or grains

Beers, wines, or liquors (whiskey, gin, and vodka)

At first alcohol may give a certain energy or “ ”

Page 26: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT IS ALCOHOL? CONT. Soon followed by – causing

the central nervous system to slow down : physical and

mental impairment resulting from the use of alcohol – inability to walk or unconsciousness The amount of alcohol varies between people

Page 27: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

EQUAL AMOUNTS OF ALCOHOL

4 oz of wine 2 oz of liquor 12 oz beer

Page 28: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYSHORT-TERM EFFECTS

– depresses the activity, slowing down the work of the central nervous system Decision making can be badly affected

– oxidation – changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy 1/3 to ½ an ounce per hour

– dilate or widen, increase blood flow (making the skin feel flush and warm), body temperature actually decreases

Page 29: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYSHORT-TERM EFFECTS CONT.

- increase heart rate and increase blood pressure, can lead to arrhythmias, abnormal heartbeat, heart attack, and stroke

– affects the pituitary gland which affects the kidney to produce more urine (why the person feels dehydrated)

– molecule are very small so they do not need to be digested, immediate absorption, the more alcohol the more gastric juices

Page 30: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYLONG-TERM EFFECTS

Alcohol robs the body of its ability to absorb key nutrients and long-term overuse may lead to Vitamin deficiencies

Stomach and skin problemsLiver problems

Loss of appetite Brain

Decrease brain size Intellectual abilitiesMemoryProblem solving

Page 31: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DUI OR DWI Driving Under the Influence (DUI) or

Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) :

the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a percentage

Percentage varies Factors – gender, weight, metabolism,

amount of alcohol, whether food is present, time between drinks, and time of last drink

Page 32: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DUI OR DWI CONT. Drivers ability

Reduces the ability Distance, speed, and turns Accurately ones own capabilities and

limitations Concentrate

Increase the tendency to Slows reflexesAdds to to take precautions

such as using signals when turning

Page 33: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DUI OR DWI CONT. Consequences of DUI

11 teens killed over 350 injured each day Harmful for of crashes which passenger dies

occur because of DWIConfiscation of license, jail, court, fine,

higher insurance, possible lawsuit

Page 34: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT

– occurs when 2 or more medicines are taken simultaneouslyAlcohol combined with other drugs or

medicines produces an interaction known as the multiplier effect

Many

Page 35: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE

: periodic excessive drinkingPopular with high school and college

students : dangerous toxic

condition that occurs when a person drinks a large amount of alcohol4 times a legal limit

Page 36: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

ALCOHOLISM : physical and

psychological dependence on the drug ethanol - it is disease

Stage 1 - Drinking becomes necessary to manage

stressDrink and become intoxicated regularly Drinker makes excuses and tries to

rationalize his or her behaviors

Page 37: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

ALCOHOLISM CONT.

Stage 2 - Physical dependenceDrink alone, drink everyday, craving for alcoholDefensive behavior - deny that there is a problem

Stage 3 - Problem no longer can be deniedMalnutritionPerson falls apart physically, mentally,

emotionally, and socially Reverse tolerance - takes less alcohol (DTs): dramatic physical

and psychological effects of alcohol withdrawalHot and cold flashes, severe tremors, nightmares, hallucinations, fear of people and animals - need prompt medical attention

Page 38: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

CHOOSING TO BE ALCOHOL-FREE

Saying no to alcoholPractice Keep it brief, polite, confident, and to the

point

Page 39: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DRUGS

Page 40: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

: any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substance for nonmedical purposes

: street drugs, these substances are against the law for people of any age to manufacture, possess, buy, or sellSome occur naturally : chemical

substances produced artificially in a laboratory

Page 41: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

SUBSTANCE ABUSE CONT. : the use or

sale of any substances that are illegal or other wise not permitted Includes selling of prescription drugs on

the street : drugs that often

lead to other serious and dangerous drug useAlcohol and nicotine

Page 42: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DANGERS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Side effects - : strong or even fatal

reaction to taking a large amount of a drug No control or means of monitoring

drugs for quality, purity, or strength

Page 43: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Stimulants Depressants Narcotics Hallucinogens

Page 44: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

STIMULANTS : drugs that speed up

the central nervous systemCause increased heart and respiratory rates,

high blood pressure, dilated pupils, and decreased appetite

Experience sweating, headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, and sleeplessness

Inhalation or injection - increase blood pressure, stroke, high fever, or heart failure

Moodiness, restlessness, and anxietyChronic users - hallucinations, delusions, and

paranoia : irrational suspiciousness or

distrust of others

Page 45: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

STIMULANTS CONT.

Stay awake, alert, lose weight, offset the effects of depressant drugs, and temporary high

: a feeling of tense well being or elation that maybe followed by a complete “crash” or meltdown

- crank, speed, ice, meth Suppressed appetite, interference with

sleeping behaviors, mood swings, unpredictability, tremors & convulsions

Very quick addiction and the effects to the body are dramatic

Page 46: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

METH PICTURES

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/faces/index.html

Page 47: SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Page 48: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

STIMULANTS CONT.

White powder from the coca bush (South America)

Regular use - depression, edginess, weight loss, physiological dependence

Nasal damage, holes in the septum Crack - smokeable form of cocaine

Extremely addictive - effects are felt within seconds

Page 49: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DEPRESSANTS

: drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system Relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension

and worry, bring on sleep Slows down heart and breathing rate,

reduced blood pressure

Sedative hypnotic drugs (induce sleepiness)Feeling similar to that of intoxication and

counteracts the effects of stimulants

Page 50: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DEPRESSANTS CONT.

Reduce muscular activity, coordination, and attention span

Some medical uses

Originally prescribed to reduce anxiety and to help with insomnia

Temporary euphoria Effects - rapid dependence, headache,

diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, and comaPeople die by combining this depressant with

alcohol

Page 51: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

NARCOTICS

: drugs derived from the opium plant that have a sedative effects Opiates - opium from poppy flower

Natural compound in opiumUsed to reduce severe pain Appetite suppressant, cause severe

constipation, and lead to addiction

Used in cough medications to stop coughing

Page 52: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

NARCOTICS CONT.

Made from morphine Depress the central nervous system and

slows breathing and pulse rateTolerance develops quickly More dangerous because the purity is 10

times stronger than it was in the 80’s

Page 53: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

HALLUCINOGENS : drugs that alter moods,

thoughts, sense perceptions (vision, hearing, smell, & touch)

- angel dustFeel distant and detachedTime and body movement are slow, muscles

coordination, sense of touch and pain are dulledFeel strong and powerful - resulting tragic death,

serious accidents, and terrible acts of violence - acid

Very similar to PCP

Psychoactive ingredient of the peyote cactus “Bad trip”Vicious stomach cramps and vomiting

Page 54: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

STEROIDS synthetic derivatives

of the male hormone testosterone Medicine - help Cause - mood swings, abnormal violence

and aggressive behavior (“roid rage”)High blood pressure, acne, baldness, increased

risk of liver damage, heart disease, increased growth of body & facial hair, stroke from blood clots, depression, decrease sperm production, testicle size, increase breast size (females decrease)

Misconception that it makes you stronger - makes the muscles bigger

Page 55: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

CANNABIS DERIVATIVES

Cannabis - scientific name for hemp plant : cannabis that is

smoked, eaten, or drunk for intoxicating effects

: “Hash” dark brown resin collected from the tops of the cannabis plantSmoked in a pipeBoiled to make hashish oil - then combined

with tobacco

Page 56: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CANNABIS

- same effects as depression and stimulant

Alters your senses, coordination, and reaction time

Interrupt your ability to make rational and healthful decision

Stimulate Personality problems with regular marijuana

users - loss of willpower, motivation, lack of energy, and paranoia

Affects, memory, ability to recall things, ability to pay attention

Page 57: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CANNABIS CONT.

Cannabis smoke contains more cancer-causing chemicals than cigarette smoke

- lower levels of testosterone, decrease sperm production

- still birth, lower birth weight conditions similar to fetal alcohol syndrome

Page 58: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

INHALANTS : substances with

breathable fumes that are sniffed and inhaled to give hallucinogenic or mind-altering high

Glues, paints, aerosols, lighter fluid and gasoline

the central nervous system and produce similar effects as alcohol

Immediate effects - nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, loss of appetite

Page 59: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

INHALANTS CONT. Long-term effects - liver and kidney

damage, changes in bone marrow, permanent brain damage

Hearing loss, limb spasm, blood oxygen depletion

Coma, vegetative state, respiratory problem - from one use

High concentrations of inhalants can cause suffocation

- move onto something stronger

Peak age - 14

Page 60: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

DESIGNER DRUGS

: synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of narcotics and hallucinogens

Several hundred times stronger Symptoms - uncontrollable tremors,

drooling, impaired speech, paralysis, irreversible brain damage

- short-term feelings of euphoriaResulting - confusion, depression, paranoia,

psychosis, increase heart rate and blood pressure

Long-term damage to brain cells

Page 61: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

LOOK-ALIKE DRUGS

: made to physically resemble specific drugs Never know what you are getting

“ ” might contain high doses of caffeine plus cold medicines Cause dangerously fast heart rates, changes in

blood pressure, strange behaviors, nervousness, and breathing problems

Sometimes they are just sugar pills - for huge profits

Hard to diagnose - makes treatments very difficult - they do not know what drugs were used

Page 62: SUBSTANCE ABUSE

SCHOOL EFFORTS TO STOP DRUGS

: areas within 1,000 feet of schools and designated by signs, within which people caught selling drugs will receive especially tough penalties

What else is being done: