substation design physical and technical...
TRANSCRIPT
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Substation Design
Physical & Technical
Considerations
I. Objectives
II. Substation Design Introduction
III. General Design Considerations
Outline
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Revision 00
To be able to know:
The general considerations in designing a distribution
substation
The physical layout considerations in developing a
substation.
Objectives
I. Meralco Electric System & Planning
Criteria
II. Use of Gas Insulated Switchgear Substation
Substation Design Introduction
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Meralco Electric System
Planning Criteria
All substations shall have at least 2 subtransmission feeds.
Limit maximum normal loading of power transformers to OA rating(FA1 for switching flexibility and FA2 during adjacent transformer failure)
Improvement of reliability of existing substations.
Substations must be near the load center depending on the load density of the substation service area
Substation configuration must be single bus, ring bus, or breaker-and-a-half scheme
Transformer capacity must be 83 MVA for 115-34.5 kV and 33 MVA for 69kV-13.8 kV or 115kV-13.8 kV
USE OF GIS SUBSTATION The conventional substation is normally being used
in substation development. However, in highly urbanized area where land is scarce and very costly, the use of GIS substation is considered. To justify this, the cost of the land should be at least Php 105,000 per sq.meter.
In addition, some selected odd-voltage substations within Metro Manila are also programmed for conversion into major 115 kV substation by using either GIS equipment or a one bank/one line scheme. The rational is that their locations are already within the load center, and it is difficult to find and buy lots to be used as substation site within such developed areas.
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I. Geographical / Site Considerations
II. Environmental Considerations
III. Maintenance Considerations
General Design
Considerations
1. Drainage and soil conditions
2. Cost of earth removal, earth addition, and earthmoving
3. Space for future as well as present use
4. Proximity to earthquake fault lines and floodplains
5. Public concern; avoidance of schools, daycare centers, and
playgrounds
6. Atmospheric conditions: salt and industrial contamination
7. Location of present and future load center
8. Location of existing and future sources of power
9. Availability of suitable right of way and access to site by overhead and underground sub-transmission and distribution circuits
10.Location of existing distribution lines
Geographical / Site Considerations
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AMADEO 230kV-115kV-13.8kVDELIVERY POINT SUBSTATION
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1. Appearance
2. Noise
3. Effluent
4. Electrostatic and electromagnetic
effect
5. Public Safety
6. Weather
Environmental
Considerations
Revision 00
AESTHETICS / APPEARANCE
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MALIBAY 115KV-34.5KV SUBSTATION
AESTHETICS / APPEARANCE
MANDALUYONG 115KV 34.5KV SUBSTATION
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LEGAZPI 115KV-34.5KV GIS SUBSTATION
AESTHETICS / APPEARANCE
Legazpi 115KV 34.5KV
GIS Substation
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SUBSTATION NOISE
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SUBSTATION NOISE
Sources of audible noise within a substation include transformers, voltage regulators, circuit breakers, other intermittent noise generators.
Among the sources, transformers have the greatest potential for producing objectionable noise.
The design engineer should consideraudible noise reference documents and regulations
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SUBSTATION NOISE
At 550kV BIL,
OA/FA1/FA2
OA 76dB 50000
FA1 79dB 66667
FA2 80dB 83333
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SUBSTATION NOISE
At 550kV BIL,
OA/FA1/FA2
OA 76dB 50000
FA1 79dB 66667
FA2 80dB 83333
MERALCO POWER TRANSFORMER SPECIFICATION ON
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Revision 00
Minimum Noise Level
1 METER
69 dB
1 METER
63 dB60 dB ( INCLUSIVE OF STREET NOISE )
10 METERS
POWER
TRANSFORMER
CONCRETE
WALL
BARRIER
CONCRETE
WALL
BARRIER
ROCKWELL SWITCHGEAR
BUILDING
SUBSTATION NOISE
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EFFLUENT
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EFFLUENT
IEEE STD 980-1994 (R2001) IEEE Guide for Containment and
Control of Oil Spills in Substations
RUS Bulletin 1724E-300 Design Guide for Rural Substation
Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards
of 2008, Revising DAO 34 and 35, Series of 1990
Effluent refers to discharges from known source, which is passed into a
body of water or land, or wastewater flowing out of a manufacturing plant,
industrial plant including domestic, commercial, and recreational facilities.
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ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FORCE (EMF)
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Exposure (60 Hz) Electric field Magnetic field
Occupational 8.3 kV/m 4.2 G (4,200 mG)General Public 4.2 kV/m 0.833 G (833 mG)
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) is anorganization of 15,000 scientists from 40 nations who specialize in radiationprotection.Source: ICNIRP, 1998.
ICNIRP Guidelines for EMF Exposure
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ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FORCE (EMF)
Electro-Magnetic Force (EMF) way below allowed international
standard of 833 milli-Gauss
0
10
20.8mG - Colored TV
45mG - Aircon
5.76 mG - Meralco Hillcrest Substation
- taken March 7, 2003
236mG - Hair Dryer
Milli-Gauss
5
20
40
50
200
300
1000International Limit=833mG
11.6mG - Computer
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PUBLIC SAFETY
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PUBLIC SAFETY
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DOORS WITH WARNING SIGN
PUBLIC SAFETY
METAL FENCEDOORS WITH APPROPRIATE
GROUNDING
GATE WITH CAUTION SIGN
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WEATHER
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WIND
It is important that
substations operate
more reliably in
extremes of weathers.
As a minimum, substations
should be resistant to wind
velocities as shown.
Revision 00
RAINFALL / FLOOD
A substation
should be designed to be
operable under predictable
conditions of rainfall.
should have sufficient
drainage to exhibit little
standing water within a few
hours after a heavy rainfall.
The level of the substation
site should be higher
than the 1 in 50 year
flood level.
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Maintenance procedures should have minimal impact on
the operation of the substation
Adequate clearances provided for maintenance
personnel, equipment and procedures are considered
Maintenance
Considerations
TEMPLATE: RING BUS SUBSTATION
AREA=4,180 SQ. METERS
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LAGUNA BEL-AIR 115KV-34.5KVRING BUS SUBSTATION
AREA=3,294 SQ. METERS
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TEMPLATE: SINGLE BUS SUBSTATION
AREA=3,000 SQ. METERS
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Revision 00
AREA=3,000 SQ. METERS
SANTOLAN 115KV-34.5KVSINGLE BUS SUBSTATION
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