sucrose metabolism in developing northern red oak (quercus rubra) acorns shi-jean susana sung and...
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Sucrose metabolism in developing northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
acorns
Shi-Jean Susana Sung and Paul P. Kormanik
Institute of Tree Root Biology
USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA
Sink Strength (J Warren-Wilson, 1967)
Sink Strength (g d ) = Sink Size (g) x Sink Activity (g g d )
-1
-1-1
Sink size: weight, volume, length, number of sinksSink type: vegetative, reproductive
Sink activity: import of C-14, turgor pressure, growth rate, respiration rate, enzyme activity
SucroseUDP
Glc + Fru Glc + Fru Fru + UDP-Glc
123
Glc-6-P Fru-6-P
ATPADP
Glc-1-P
Glc-6-P
Fru-6-P
Fru-1,6-P2
Pyruvate
PPi
UTP
ATP
ADP
PPi
Pi
456
7
8
7
109
Enzymes
1) Sucrose synthase
2) Acid invertase
3) Neutral invertase
4) UDPglucopyrophosphorylase
5) Fructokinase
6) Glucokinase
7) Phosphoglucoseisomerase
8) Phosphoglucomutase
9) PPi-phosphofructokinase
10) ATP-phosphofructokinase
ATPADP
S.S. Sung et al.
Plant Cell Environ (1994) 17, 419
Time course of Phaseolus vulgaris seed development
S.S. Sung et al.
Plant Cell Environ (1994) 17, 419
Time course of development of a typical Phaseolus vulgaris fruit (one pod plus five seeds)
Northern red oak seed orchard at Flint River Nursery, GAMay 2002
June 7, 2002
6-7 7-11 8-6 9-3 10-10
Outside crownInside crown
undeveloped
July 11, 2002
aborted
July 11, 2002
12 acorns
acorn dropped
Most acorns loose/dropped
June 7, 2002: Acorns branches without leaves
Acorn branches without leaves
Acorn branches without leaves
6-7 7-11 8-6 9-3 10-10
5
10
15
20
25
Dia
me
ter,
mm
June July Aug Sept Oct
2002
Diameter Development ofNorthern Red Oak Acorns
Fruit
Cup
Dry
We
igh
t, g
June July Aug Sept Oct
Dry Weight Development of Northern Red Oak Acorns
2002
FruitPericarpSeedCup
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
PericarpSeedCup
June July Aug Sept Oct
2002
%
Fin
al
Dry
We
igh
tDry Weight Development of Northern Red Oak Acorns
30
40
50
60
70
80CupPericarp
CotyledonsSeed coat
Mo
istu
re C
on
ten
t, %
June July Aug Sept Oct2002
Moisture Contents of DevelopingNorthern Red Oak Acorns
0
20
40
60
80
100
% F
ruit
Dry
Wei
gh
t
June July Aug Sept Oct
2002
Dry Weight Allocation (%) in DevelopingNorthern Red Oak Acorns
Seed coat
Cotyledons
Pericarp
0
20
40
60
80
100
% S
eed
Dry
Wei
gh
t
June July Aug Sept Oct
2002
Dry Weight Allocation (%) in DevelopingNorthern Red Oak Acorns
Seed coat
Cotyledons
Date June 7 June 21 July 11 June 21 July 11
Tissue Pericarp Pericarp Pericarp Seed Seed
Avg DW, g 0.12 0.28 0.72 0.007 0.071
Avg MC, % 68 69 68 77 79
SS* 24 27 1 30 51UDPG PPiase 4488 4312 3265 938 2667
PPi-PFK 122 95 73 130 32ATP-PFK 68 57 97 16 27FK 64 73 59 46 47
GK 72 88 42 48 20
PGM 1262 1038 843 815 508
PGI 1241 1056 826 1215 508
* Enzyme specific activity: nmol min mg protein-1 -1
Sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities in developing northern red oak acorns
May 2002
July 26, 2002
July 26, 2002
