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Sudden Ionosphere Disturbance Stanford Solar Center http://solar-center.stanford.edu/sid.html Version 2.0 Slides by Ray Mitchell

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SID Sudden Ionosphere Disturbance Theory of Operation

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The Sun, Ionosphere, and Radio waves

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Navy Radio Station, Jim Creek, WA NLK 24.8KHz Source: http://www.cmsstudios.com/fly2k/99flights/images/ebbyjm.jpghttp://www.cmsstudios.com/fly2k/99flights/images/ebbyjm.jpg 200 Towers Antenna Wires

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About 24.8 KHz How to make this Computation? Speed of light:c = 186,000 Miles/Sec (300,000 KM/Sec) Frequency:f = 24,800 Cycles/Sec Wave Length: = c / f Miles (or KM) / Cycle 1 Cycle = 7.5 Miles (12 KM) Sound file Amplitude (Peak-to-Peak) Distance traveled over time Radio Signal

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The SID Shed (Reference) Located in Stanford Hills next to The Wilcox Solar Observatory Tuned loop Antenna Observation Dates: (Approx) 24-Jul-03 Present date

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Research and Development Building the SID Monitors

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Prototype SID Monitor & Antenna Box Dimensions: 4 w X 10 L X 3 h 30 square, 50 turns of #26 wire Connected with RG-58 Coax Pre-Amp DataQ Post-Amp Model: SID_Beta-1

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SID Monitor: Block Diagram Pre-Amp 24.8KHz Filter Signal Strength DATAQ Computer RS-232 Coax = All frequencies Band-pass, Only 24.8KHz (Amplitude Modulation) DC voltage Level 10 bit, Analog to Digital Conversion Sample every 5 Seconds

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Normal 24 Hr. Day (No flares) Local Noon Sunrise Sunset Nighttime Daytime Time in UT

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Detecting Solar Flares SID(s) SID Events! However, not all SID events are explainable. Research is needed to help answer What are these events?

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GOES-12 Weather Satellite Detecting X-Rays

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Connecting SID to GOES Data C4.5 C5.9 C3.8 M1.3

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Edited Events :Product: 20030802events.txt :Created: 2003 Aug 05 0302 UT :Date: 2003 08 02 # Prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Environment Center. # Please send comments and suggestions to sec@sec.noaa.gov # # Missing data: //// # Updated every 30 minutes. # Edited Events for 2003 Aug 02 # #Event Begin Max End Obs Q Type Loc/Frq Particulars Reg# #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1910 + 1529 1537 1545 G12 5 XRA 1-8A B8.1 6.3E-04 0424 1910 1533 1534 1553 HOL 3 FLA S17E71 SF 0424 1920 1604 1609 1617 HOL 3 FLA S18E70 SF 0424 1930 1625 1650 1726 HOL 3 FLA S18E68 SF 0424 1930 + 1637 1642 1650 G12 5 XRA 1-8A C1.1 7.6E-04 0424 1940 + 1653 1653 1655 SAG G RBR 245 100 1950 1713 1714 1714 PAL G RBR 245 87 1960 + 1727 1736 1744 G12 5 XRA 1-8A C4.5 3.1E-03 0424 1960 1730 1734 1759 HOL 3 FLA S17E68 1F 0424 1960 1733 1733 1734 PAL G RBR 245 56 0424 1970 1839 1839 1839 PAL G RBR 245 110 1980 + 1905 1918 1925 G12 5 XRA 1-8A B7.1 7.5E-04 0424 1980 1917 1936 2005 HOL 3 FLA S17E67 SF 0424 1990 + 1930 1946 1954 G12 5 XRA 1-8A C5.9 5.9E-03 0424 2000 + 2112 2134 2140 G12 5 XRA 1-8A C3.8 3.1E-03 0424 2000 + 2115 2115 2115 PAL G RBR 245 270 0424 2000 2116 2132 2156 HOL 3 FLA S17E66 SF 0424 2020 + 2249 2256 2303 G12 5 XRA 1-8A B9.0 5.9E-04 0424 2040 + 2341 2354 0002 G12 5 XRA 1-8A M1.3 8.5E-03 0424 2040 + 2345 2351 0031 LEA 3 FLA S17E63 1F ERU 0424 http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ftpdir/indices/2003_events/20030802events.txt

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Sunspots (Active Regions) #Event Begin Max End Obs Q Type Loc/Frq Particulars Reg# #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1960 + 1727 1736 1744 G12 5 XRA 1-8A C4.5 3.1E-03 0424 1990 + 1930 1946 1954 G12 5 XRA 1-8A C5.9 5.9E-03 0424 2000 + 2112 2134 2140 G12 5 XRA 1-8A C3.8 3.1E-03 0424 2040 + 2341 2354 0002 G12 5 XRA 1-8A M1.3 8.5E-03 0424

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SID Sudden Ionosphere Disturbance Beta Sites

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San Leandro High School Observation Dates: 01-Oct-03 01-Dec-03 Teacher: Mr. Rick Styner Model: SID_Beta-1

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Chabot College Observation Dates: 25-Nov-03 29-Dec-03 Teacher: Mr. Timothy Dave Model: SID-Beta-0

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Castro Valley High School Observation Dates: 10-May-04 ? Teacher: Mr. Sean Fottrell Model: SID_Beta-1

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SID Sudden Ionosphere Disturbance Next Steps

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Next Steps Build more Monitors Printed Circuit Board Layout and Design Assembly / Electronics: Chabot College Software: Computer Science students Cal. State University, Hayward Stanford University: Data storage & analysis tools Involve teachers to develop lessons plans Classroom activities Improve collaboration among the schools Tour more schools