sugar mill
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SUGAR MILL
BY NIKHIL KUMAR
![Page 2: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GLOBAL SCENARIO
![Page 3: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sugarcane is cultivated in 20.5 million ha in 121 countries.
Australia, Argentina occupy 86% of area with 87% of
production.
Brazil (22%) is the major producer followed by India (14%)
and EU (09%).
Brazil, India and the EU control over 45% of the global sugar
production.
India is now the largest producer and consumer of sugar in
the world.
![Page 4: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
There are 664 sugar factories in India.
Ownership of sugar sector –50% private sector and 50% in co-operative & Govt. Sector
Average crushing capacity about 3500 TCD(tons of cane/day)
Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra produce 60% of sugar in India.
Sugar industry is seasonal where crushing season begins in October/November and ends in April/May.
Raw materials used is sugar cane (in India) and beet roots (in otherplaces).
![Page 5: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chemical Formula & StructureChemical reaction:
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 => C12H22O11 + H2O
(Glucose)+(Fructose) => (Sucrose) + (Water)
Sucrose is produced as glucose and fructose are joined together by a condensation reaction.
Sucrose is commonly called Table Sugar.
![Page 7: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Properties :1)Mol. wt. :342)Density:1.58g/cc3)Solubility:
very – waterslightly– methyl
![Page 8: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
RAW MATERIALSSugar cane
Water
Lime
Calcium phosphate
Sulphur-di-oxide gas
![Page 9: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types Of Sugars ProducedThe sugarcane is a thick, tall, perennial grass that flourishes in tropical or subtropical regions.The reed accumulates sugar to about 15 percent of its weight. Sugarcane yields about 2,600,000 tons of sugar per year.
The sugar beet is a beetroot variety with the highest sugar content, for which it is specifically cultivated. About 3,700,000 tons of sugar are manufactured from sugar beet.
![Page 10: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Manufacturing Process
![Page 12: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
By Products From Sugar Mills
![Page 15: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Different Types Of Wastes1) SOLID WASTES :-
A) The manufacture of sugar generates large quantities of biomass waste such as rice husk, bamboo dust, bagasse, coconut coir, jute and sticks. This waste is ideal for use as fuel to generate power.
B) Press mud, which is discarded as a solid waste from sugar mills and used as a manure or as a landfill, is found to be an useful substrate for biogas production.
![Page 16: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sugar cane straw wastes can be recycled as active additions once calcinated in the temperature range of 800 or 1000 C.
![Page 17: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2) LIQUID WASTES :-
Cold water is required in the sugar industry mainly for machinery cooling, daily and monthly cleanings,domestic use and makeup.
The quantity of raw water consumption and wastewater can be minimized considerably through proper re-circulation of machinery cooling water, reuse of condensate water.
![Page 18: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Characteristics of waste waters :-
Parameters Values
Rate of flow (L/t of cane crushed)
230-1640
pH 4.6-9.5
COD mg/L 600-4380
BOD mg/L 300-2000
TSS mg/L 220-800
COD/BOD Ratio 1.3-2.0
![Page 19: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Water Required
![Page 21: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3) GASEOUS WASTES :-
Sugar mills emit flue gases through boiler chimneys.
A small quantity of sulfur dioxide gas is emitted from the juice and syrup sulphitors.
Bagasse, which is the captive fuel in the sugar industry, does not contain harmful elements like sulfur and the stack gases generated by burning bagasse are free from sulfurous gases.
The particulate emission is the only parameter that has to be controlled in the sugar industry with the help of fly ash arrestors.
![Page 22: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Biological Treatment
![Page 23: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
In–plant Control Measures The black strap molasses can be used for the production of ethanol in distelleires.
The waste like bagasse can be used as a fuel in boilers or as a raw material as in pulp and paper industry.
![Page 24: Sugar mill](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042508/559f565c1a28abf5078b46c3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)