STRUCTURE IV“Parallel Structure”

Sugiati 1288203103

Kelas 4b english

A. UNDERSTANDING

PARALLEL STRUCTURE

Parallel structure means using the

same pattern of words to show that two

or more ideas have the same level of

importance. This can happen at the

word, phrase, or clause level.

Parallel structure (also called parallelism)

is the repetition of a chosen grammatical

form within a sentence. By making each

compared item or idea in your sentence

follow the same grammatical pattern, you

create a parallel construction.

B. GENERAL FORM

1. Noun

Example:

Mr. John brings a headphone, a book,

and some money.

2. Gerunds

Example:

My mother likes cooking, shopping,

and travelling.

3. Adjectives

Example:

She is tall, slim, and beautiful.

4. Infinitives

Example:

We wanted to paint the bedroom, to lay a new

carpet, and to buy a new sofa.

5. Past Tense

Example:

Edo bought a new bag, brought it home, and

gave it for his daughter.

7. Past Perfect Tense

Example:

Joko had finished the game, had taken a

shower, and had eaten lunch by the time I got

to his house.

C. CHECKING FOR PARALLEL STRUCTURE

1. Linking by coordinating conjunctions

Examples:

- Edo and his friend are coming to dinner.

- These shoes are old but comfortable.

- He wants to watch TV or (to) listen to some music.

- Eating in a restaurant is more fun than cooking at home.

- Taking the bus can be as costly as taking a plane.

- Although he liked to eat good food, he did not like to pay high prices for it.

2. Linking by (two-word) correlative conjunctions (either … or, neither … nor, both … and, not only

… but also).

Examples:

- Either give me a refund or give me store credit.

- That book is neither interesting nor accurate.

- The research will take both time and money.

- Yesterday it not only rained but (also) snowed.

3. Comparison and contrast statements.

Examples:

• Some say it is better to plain for tomorrow than to live for today.

Do not mix forms

1. Words

Example:

• Not Parallel:

Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and

to take afternoon naps.

• Parallel:

Ellen likes hiking, attending the

rodeo, and taking afternoon

naps.

2. Clause

Example:

• Not Parallel:

I would rather pay for my

education than financial aid.

• Parallel:

I would rather pay for my

education than receive financial

aid.

3. With List

Example:

• Not Parallel:

John Taylor Gatto criticizes public schools because they are compulsory, funded by the government, and destroy students' humanity.

• Parallel:

John Taylor Gatto criticizes public schools because they are compulsory, government-funded, and normalizing.

4. List After a ColonExample:

• Not Parallel:

The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.

• Parallel:

The dictionary can be used

to find these: word

meanings,pronunciations,

correct spelling, and

irregular verbs.