Suleyman the Magnificent

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Hagia Sophia (Greek, English)Aya Sophia (Turkish)

Since Islam prohibits the depiction of humans and animals in order to avoid idolatry, Muslim artists have long specialized in drawing complex geometric patterns such as these

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•The only city in the world which served as capital of three different Empires: The Roman Empire (330-395), Byzantine Empire (395-1453) and the Ottoman Empire (1453-1923).

•The Fall of Istanbul to Ottomans marked the end of Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire. Over the centuries Istanbul had been under siege many times, but this last successful one required moving 70 ships over land for a surprise attack.

•By the 1400s, the once mighty Byzantine Empire had been in decline for nearly two centuries

•They faced a growing threat from the Ottomans, a nomadic group that had migratded from central Asia

• In 1453, the Ottomans surrounded the capitol of Constantinople

•During a two month seige, Ottoman cannons pounded Constantinople’s city walls

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•With well armed forces and effective military strategies, the Ottoman empire grew quickly

•After 1453, the Ottomans expanded in to the Middle East, Egypt, the Balkans, and Russia

•By the 1500s, the Ottomans had created the largest empire in the Middle East and Europe

Geographic Expansion

How Come They Were So

Successful?•Military technology- cannons

•In addition to cannons, the Ottoman army equipped soldiers with muskets

•This improved battlefield success and eliminated the need for calvary

OttomanJanissary

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Europeans are forced to look for new trade

routes•As the Ottoman empire expanded,

European trade routes were disrupted

•The Portuguese sent sailors out across the oceans to search for new trade routes

Suleyman the Magnificent

•He ruled Ottoman Empire 1520-1566

•The Golden Age of Ottoman history

•Strenthened the gov’t and improved justice throughout the empire

•He held absolute power, but consulted his advisors and council before making important decisions.

The Suleyman Mosque in Istanbul. At the height of the Ottoman Turkish Empire's power in the 16th century, Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent ordered the construction of this mosque. Surrounding the place of prayer is a great complex of buildings that house schools, a library, a Turkish bath, a public kitchen, a caravanserai, a hospital and shops. This mosque was designed by the architect Sinan the Great and built in the years 1550 to 1557 A.D.

The Suleyman Mosque in Istanbul.

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Ottoman Society•Ottoman empire included many diverse

people

•4 social classes

•Men of the Pen- highly educated, scientists, lawyers, judges, doctors

•Men of the Sword- military personnel

•Men of Negotiation- merchants, aritsans, and tax collectors

•Men of Husbandry-farmers and herders

Ottoman Society•Top two classes were made up entirely of

Muslims

•Millets- non Muslims organize religious communities that were allowed to practice their religion freely as long as they paid a tax and obeyed Ottoman law

• Janissaries- boys from non-Muslim families who were sometimes required to serve for military service. The best soldiers became Janissaires, members of an elite force in the Ottoman army