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Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/ Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt pH -TANAH & REAKSI TANAH

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pH -TANAH & REAKSI TANAH. Sumber : www.environment.ualberta.ca/ Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt ‎ . Reaksi Tanah. Soil reaction is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, usually expressed as a pH value. Soil pH = -log [H + ] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

pH -TANAH&

REAKSI TANAH

Page 2: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Reaksi Tanah

1. Soil reaction is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, usually expressed as a pH value.

2. Soil pH = -log [H+]3. Soil pH is an indicator of physical, chemical

and biological properties in soil.4. Soil pH is also related to the cations present

on the exchange complex.

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 3: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Nilai pH beberapa material

• Milk of magnesia: ~10.5• Bicarbonate of soda: ~8.3• Pure water: 7.0• Milk: ~6.8• Natural rain: 5 to 6• Beer/coffee: ~4• Lemon Juice: ~2

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 4: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Deskripsi untuk kisaran pH tanah

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 5: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Tanah mempunyai ciri yang khas

Credit: Pedosphere.com

Dark Gray Luvisol

Orthic Humo-FerricPodzol

Orthic BlackChernozem

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 6: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

pH Tanah vs. Komposisi Kation

1. Total cation exchange capacity (TCEC) is a function of quantity of clays, organic matter and iron and aluminum oxides.

2. Tipe Liat ternyata sangat penting pengaruhnya.

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 7: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

1. Base cations (Ca++, Mg++, K+, Na+) concentration decreases as soil becomes more acidic (pH decreases)

2. Kejenuhan basa berkaitan erat dengan pH tanah

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

pH Tanah vs. Komposisi Kation

Page 8: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Persen Kejenuhan Basa (KB) Basic cations: Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+

Acidic cations: Al+++, H+

Percent base saturation: A measure of the proportion of basic cations occupying the exchange sites of a soil

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 9: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Formula

• Cation exchange capacity is the sum of all cations on the exchange complex

• % Base saturation = (Ca++, Mg++, K+, Na+) x 100

Cation Exchange Capacity

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 10: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Impact of soil pH on net charge of noncrystalline aluminum oxide. At low pH, H ions become bound to Al and Fe oxides

Credit: Pedosphere.comSumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 11: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

pH Tanah vs. Kation pada Kompleks Pertukaran (Brady and Weil, 1996)

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 12: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Pelarutan Al(OH)3 Amorf

• Al(OH)3 + H+ Al(OH)2+ + H2O

• Al(OH)2+ + H+ Al(OH)++ + H2O

• Al(OH)++ + H+ Al+++ + H2O

• The equilibrium reactions result in buffering of soil

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 13: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Mekanisme Penyangga (Buffering)

1. Oxidation of pyrite and reduced S minerals; dissolution of minerals: pH 2 to 4

2. Aluminum compounds: pH 4.0 to 5.53. Pertukaran Kation : pH 5.5 to 6.84. Organic matter and minerals: pH 6.8 to 7.25. Karbonat dari Ca dan Mg : pH 7.2 to 8.5 6. Na+tukar; pelarutan Na-karbonat padatan : pH 8.5

to 10.5

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 14: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Tipe Kemasaman Tanah

1. Kemasaman Aktif (Active acidity): Aktivitas kation H+ dalam larutan tanah

2. Kemasaman Cadangan (Reserve acidity): The acidity that is associated with the exchange complex. It is neutralized by lime or other alkaline material

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 15: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Clay surface Bulk solution

---

- --

--

-- --

-

-

-

-

+ +

++

++++

+

++

+

+

++

++

+

+

Hydrogen is part of the crystal lattice, and can be present as an exchangeable cation and in the soil bulk

solutionSumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Klasifikasi Kemasaman Tanah

Page 16: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

1. Ketersediaan hara sangat berhubungan erat dengan kelarutannya pada berbagai nilai pH

2. At extreme pH values, solubility of some nutrients increases tremendously, leading to toxicity of plants

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Ketersediaan Hara

Page 17: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Use of ammonium-based fertilizers

(NH4)SO4 + 4O2 2HNO3 + H2SO4 + 2H2O

Deposisi AsamNitric (HNO3) + Sulfuric (H2SO4 ) acids

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Pengasaman TanahPengasaman Tanah

Page 18: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Pengasaman Tanah

Drainage of some coastal wetlands leads to the oxidation

of pyrite (FeS2), iron sulfide (FeS) and elemental S and formation

of sulfuric acid

Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt

Page 19: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Influence of Soil Moisture on Soil Solution Chemistry and Concentrations ofMinerals in the Calcicoles Phleum phleoides and Veronica spicata Grown on a

Limestone SoilAPARNA MISRA and GERMUND TYLER

Sumber: Annals of Botany 84: 401±410, 1999

. Veronica spicata dan Phleum phleoides adalah tanaman calcicole , terutama terjadi pada tanah netral atau alkali . Eksperimen 16 minggu dilakukan di rumah kaca untuk mengelusidasi

pengaruh tingkat kelembaban tanah thd kimia larutan tanah , dan konsentrasi biomassa dan penyerapan hara oleh tanaman . Tujuh tingkat kelembaban tanah, sesuai dengan 35 ± 85 %

kapasitas menahan air ( WHC ) dari tanah diuji . Konsentrasi larutan tanah HCO3 , P dan Mn, dan pH meningkat , sedangkan konsentrasi Ca ,

Mg , dan Zn menurun denganmeningkatkan kelembaban tanah. Konsentrasi K yang tertinggi di 50 ± 70 % WHC . Konsentrasi dan jumlah P , Zn dan Mn dalam dua spesies berhubungan dengan konsentrasi larutan tanah ;

hara ini kelarutannya rendah dan ketersediaannya rendah pada tanah berkapur .

Konsentrasi hara dalam biomassa lebih dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban tanah untuk V. spicata daripada P. phleoides . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa P. phleoides lebih mampu mengendalikan

serapan hara, sedangkan V. spicata sensitif terhadap variasi kelembaban tanah . Hal ini menyimpulkan bahwa variasi rejim kelembaban tanah sangat mempengaruhi konsentrasi

hara larutan tanah berkapur dan serapan hara oleh tanaman .

Page 20: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

The effect of soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH-value and theroot mass on soil CO2 efflux – A modified model

Sascha Reth, Markus Reichstein & Eva Falge.

Sumber: Plant and Soil (2005) 268: 21–33

Untuk mengukur efek suhu tanah ( Tsoil ) , dan kadar air tanah relatif ( RSWC ) thd respirasi tanah , maka dilakukan pengukuran CO2 tanah di lapangan dan di ruang iklim percobaan .

Pengaruh suhu tanah thd emisi CO2 sangat signifikan pd semua penggunaan lahan , kecuali untuk lapangan terbuka dengan hujan terus menerus . Suhu tanah berpengaruh yang signifikan , persentase ragam yang dapat dijelaskan oleh suhu tanah berkisar 13-46 % di lapangan dan 35-

66 % di ruang percobaan. Perubahan kelembaban tanah mempengaruhi pelepasan CO2 pada tanah padang rumput di lapangan dan ruang percobaan ( 14-34 % ragam) , sedangkan di lahan

gundul dan tanah hutan tidak ada efek yang terlihat . Variasi spasial emisi CO2 tanah di lapangan berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan pH tanah dan massa akar halus , hal ini dapat menjelaskan

hingga 24 % dan 31 % dari ragam.Model regresi non - linear dikembangkan untuk menggambarkan pelepasan CO2 tanah sebagai fungsi dari suhu tanah , kelembaban tanah, pH tanah dan biomasa akar . Dengan model ini kita

dapat menjelaskan 60 % dari variabilitas emisi CO2 tanah dari semua individu pengukuran ruang dan lapangan . Model mengestimasi aliran CO2 secara berlebihan selama dan dalam waktu empat jam dari peristiwa hujan terakhir . Sebaliknya, setelah lebih dari 72 jam tanpa hujan

ternyata estimasi model underestimated. Antara empat dan 72 jam setelah curah hujan , model regresi emisi CO2 tanah menjelaskan sampai dengan 91 % ragam.

Page 21: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Soil pH and Mineral Nutrition of Vitis vinifera Varieties.

Sumber: http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/grape/pool/nutrition.html

Pada tanah-tanah yang pHnya rendah, ion Al+++ mendominasi kation.

Kalau pH tanah mendekati 4.5, Al-tukar

mulai berkurang dan pada pH lebih dari 6

hanya sedikit sekali ion Al+++ yang tersedia

bagi tanaman.

Page 22: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

.pH dan Toksisitas Cu

Cu menjadi lebih tersedia pada kondisi pH

rendah.

Toksisitas Cu biasanya berkaitan dnegan

aplikasi fungisida Cu ke tanah masam.

Oleh karena itu untuk mengendalikan

gangguan penyakit tidak harus tergantung pada

fungisida Cu.

Sumber: http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/grape/pool/nutrition.html

Page 23: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

.pH Tanah

Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm

pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration. When water ionizes to H+ and OH- (a neutral solution), both H+ and OH- ions are in equal concentrations of 0.0000001 moles

per liter. That is a very small concentration.

HOH <—> H+ + OH-

[H+] = [OH-] = 1 x 10-7 moles/liter.

The H+ ion and OH- concentrations in water are very small. The pH scale has been devised for conveniently expressing these small

concentrations by expressing

pH = Log 1/[H+]

Page 24: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

.pH Tanah

Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm

When the hydrogen concentration isgreater, such as 0.0001 moles per liter, the pH is 4; when it is smaller, such as 0.00000001, the pH is 8. One thing to remember is that

when the pH changes from one unit to another, the change in the hydrogen ion concentration is a ten-fold change, not just one. So a pH of 5 is ten times more acid

than a pH of 6 and 100 times more acid than a pH of 7.

Page 25: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

.pH Tanah

Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm

(5) uptake of positive ions by plant roots and the resulting release of H+ by the root to balance internal charge.1. pH is < 4.0=indicates that the soil

contains free acids probably as a result of sulfide oxidation

2. pH is < 5.5=indicates that the soil's exchange complex is dominated by Al

3. pH is < 7.8=soil pH is controlled by a range of factors

4. pH is > 7.8=indicates that the soil contains CaCO3

Sources of H+ ions in the soil : 1. Dissociation of carbonic acid (H2CO3),

which forms readily in soils when CO2 is present;--- H2CO3- ---> CO2 + H + +HCO3-

2. Asam organik formed during the decomposition of organic matter;

3. Pembakaran batubara in electrical power plants releases sulfur to the atmosphere which is added to soils during precipitation as sulfuric acid, and fertilizers containing sulfur, which adds H+ ;

4. Konversi NH4+ menjadi NO3- melepaskan H+ selama siklus N atau ketika pemupukan nitrogen.

Page 26: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

.pH Tanah

Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm

Tanah-tanah cenderung menjadi lebih masam karena:

1. Air Hujan mencuci kation basa (calcium, magnesium, potassium dan sodium);

2. CO2 dari dekomposisi BOT dan respirasi akar yang larut dalam air-tanah membentuk larutan asam lemah;

3. Penyerapan kation by plant roots and the resulting release of H+ by the root to balance internal charge;

4. Pembentukan asam kuat organik dan anorganik, such as nitric and sulfuric acid, from decaying organic matter and oxidation of ammonium and sulfur fertilizers. Strongly acid soils are usually the result of the action of these strong organic and inorganic acids.

Page 27: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

.pH Tanah Pertanian

Sumber: Hardy DH, Tucker MR, Stokes CE. 2014. Crop fertilization based on North Carolina soil tests. Raleigh (NC): North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,

Agronomic Division. Circular No. 1.

Page 28: Sumber :  Soils ERM/lecture6/Lecture6. ppt

Efek pH Tanah thd Ketersediaan Hara

Sumber: http://www.summitfertz.com.au/agronomy_soil_pH.html