summaries - ustrcr.cz

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142 2010/04 paměť a dějiny summaries KATYN 1943 Protectorate propaganda, behind the scenes and the fate of Czech witnesses Michal Stehlík The liquidation of Poland’s national elite in the uniforms of the Polish Army is a story with many twists and turns, both in the actual disclosure of this appalling crime and in the context of international politics at the time, as well as during the subsequent Cold War era. Publicising the discovery of mass graves in April 1943 could not have been done without the participation of certain personalities from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia or without a mass propaganda campaign in the Protectorate’s press and radio broadcasts. Thanks to some partial studies, the fate of the pathologist Professor František Hájek and the writer František Kožík, who were confronted directly with the situation in Katyn Forest, is relatively well known. Both these witnesses to the exhumations in the forest were still forced to explain their presence there long aſter the war, and their “transgression” stayed with them till the end of their lives. SOVIET-GERMAN COOPERATION AND THE CRIME OF KATYN Witold Wasilewski Did Germany participate in the Katyn massacre? Was the murder of Polish officers coordinated with the Nazi’s repres- sive AB-Aktion operation? To what extent are similar stories true? Are they supported by archive documents and contemporary testimony? This study by the Polish historian Witold Wasilewski offers an extensive evaluation of the facts surrounding Soviet-German cooperation in Poland. By analysing the data that ensues from this work, it seems most likely that the Nazis had no idea about the Katyn murders until April 1943, and that they did not provide any cover or support for the NKVD’s actions despite previous mutual cooperation. THE LIVING ENVIED THE DEAD Czechoslovak deserters and prisoners in Vietnamese detention camps 1949-1951 Ladislav Kudrna In the course of the First Indochina War (1946–1954), more than 2,000 former Czechoslovak citizens fought in the uniform of the French Foreign Legion. Around 500 of them died on the battlefield in Southeast Asia. Roughly 115 Czechoslovaks ended up being captured by the Vietnamese in the course of the conflict. At least 17 more deserted to side with the Viet Minh. Ladislav Kudrna describes the living conditions in the detention camps as well as the fate of Czechoslovak prisoners and deserters during and aſter the war, and upon their release from captivity. KAREL ČERNÝ – THE UNKNOWN STAFFING “ARCHITECT” OF STATE SECURITY Jan Kalous The arrest and trial of founding officers of State Security (StB) is an important chapter in the history of the Czecho- slovak security services. Karel Černý was also one of those arrested. The staffing “architect” of the StB was tried as part of the Osvald Závodský group. Černý was transformed from a person who actively participated in the construc- tion of the new security apparatus (particularly State Security) aſter May 1945 into a “detested and despised enemy” of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). In a manner similar to more famous cases, the KSČ also rewarded him for his “services” with a jail sentence lasting several years. Naturally, it is necessary to add that the convict wholly deserved to serve his sentence. THE TRAGIC MISSION OF THE COURIERS RUDOLF FUKSA AND JIŘÍ HEJNA Petr Mallota One of the most typical and obvious activities of the anti-communist “third” resistance was the work carried out by couriers (“agent-couriers” in State Security terminology). These people crossed the borders between the free and unfree world in order to fulfil a whole range of dangerous tasks, particularly tasks connected with intelligence gath- ering. They were people who had various motives for working with Western intelligence services (besides patriotic reasons, they could also have had material incentives). Among the hundreds of people involved in this activity, we can find the names of two young men, Rudolf Fuksa and Jiří Hejna, who paid the highest possible price for their deci- sion to take a stand against communist power. Their first mission as couriers was also to be their last.

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Page 1: Summaries - ustrcr.cz

142 2010/04 paměť a dějiny

summaries

KATYN 1943

Protectorate propaganda, behind the scenes and the fate of Czech witnesses

Michal Stehlík

The liquidation of Poland’s national elite in the uniforms of the Polish Army is a story with many twists and turns, both in the actual disclosure of this appalling crime and in the context of international politics at the time, as well as during the subsequent Cold War era. Publicising the discovery of mass graves in April 1943 could not have been done without the participation of certain personalities from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia or without a mass propaganda campaign in the Protectorate’s press and radio broadcasts. Thanks to some partial studies, the fate of the pathologist Professor František Hájek and the writer František Kožík, who were confronted dir ectly with the situation in Katyn Forest, is relatively well known. Both these witnesses to the exhumations in the forest were still forced to explain their presence there long aft er the war, and their “transgression” stayed with them till the end of their lives.

SOVIET-GERMAN COOPERATION AND THE CRIME OF KATYN

Witold Wasilewski

Did Germany participate in the Katyn massacre? Was the murder of Polish offi cers coordinated with the Nazi’s repres-sive AB-Aktion operation? To what extent are similar stories true? Are they supported by archive documents and contemporary testimony? This study by the Polish historian Witold Wasilewski off ers an extensive evaluation of the facts surrounding Soviet-German cooperation in Poland. By analysing the data that ensues from this work, it seems most likely that the Nazis had no idea about the Katyn murders until April 1943, and that they did not provide any cover or support for the NKVD’s actions despite previous mutual cooperation.

THE LIVING ENVIED THE DEAD

Czechoslovak deserters and prisoners in Vietnamese detention camps 1949-1951

Ladislav Kudrna

In the course of the First Indochina War (1946–1954), more than 2,000 former Czechoslovak citizens fought in the uniform of the French Foreign Legion. Around 500 of them died on the battlefi eld in Southeast Asia. Roughly 115 Czechoslovaks ended up being captured by the Vietnamese in the course of the confl ict. At least 17 more deserted to side with the Viet Minh. Ladislav Kudrna describes the living conditions in the detention camps as well as the fate of Czechoslovak prisoners and deserters during and aft er the war, and upon their release from captivity.

KAREL ČERNÝ – THE UNKNOWN STAFFING “ARCHITECT” OF STATE SECURITY

Jan Kalous

The arrest and trial of founding offi cers of State Security (StB) is an important chapter in the history of the Czecho-slovak security services. Karel Černý was also one of those arrested. The staffi ng “architect” of the StB was tried as part of the Osvald Závodský group. Černý was transformed from a person who actively participated in the construc-tion of the new security apparatus (particularly State Security) aft er May 1945 into a “detested and despised enemy” of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). In a manner similar to more famous cases, the KSČ also rewarded him for his “services” with a jail sentence lasting several years. Naturally, it is necessary to add that the convict wholly deserved to serve his sentence.

THE TRAGIC MISSION OF THE COURIERS RUDOLF FUKSA AND JIŘÍ HEJNA

Petr Mallota

One of the most typical and obvious activities of the anti-communist “third” resistance was the work carried out by couriers (“agent-couriers” in State Security terminology). These people crossed the borders between the free and unfree world in order to fulfi l a whole range of dangerous tasks, particularly tasks connected with intelligence gath-ering. They were people who had various motives for working with Western intelligence services (besides patriotic reasons, they could also have had material incentives). Among the hundreds of people involved in this activity, we can fi nd the names of two young men, Rudolf Fuksa and Jiří Hejna, who paid the highest possible price for their deci-sion to take a stand against communist power. Their fi rst mission as couriers was also to be their last.

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Page 2: Summaries - ustrcr.cz

Venkovpod kolektivizační

knutou

J i ř í U r b a n

V Y Š E H R A D

O k o l n o s t i e x e m p l · r n Ì h o Ñ k u l a c k È h o ì p r o c e s u

Torst / Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů

ZA VAŠI A NAŠI

SVOBODUEditor Adam Hradilek

ZA VAŠI A NAŠI SVOBODU (ed. Adam Hradilek)

Životní příběhy účastníků protestů proti okupaci Československa v roce 1968 ze zemí Varšavské smlouvy ožívají v obsáhlém souboru rozhovorů.

Cílem publikace je zdokumentovat motivace, účast na protestech a důsledky, které museli protestující nést, a prostřednictvím jejich osobní zkušenosti čtenáři přiblížit každodenní život v zemích sovětského bloku.

Osudy demonstrantů z Rudého náměstí, disidentů z východního Německa, Polska, Bulharska a Maďarska doplňují historické studie popisující reakci na okupaci Československa v zemích, které se jí zúčastnily, a dosud nepublikované dobové fotografi e a dokumenty.

„Tato kniha přináší pohled na události roku 1968 z velmi neobvyklého úhlu: jejími hlavními hrdiny jsou ‚obyčejní lidé‘, kteří se odvážně postavili proudu ‚velkých dějin‘. ... Aby neupadli v zapomnění, předkládáme tuto knihu,“ píše v úvodu prof. Miloslav Petrusek.

Kniha vychází ve spolupráci nakladatelství Torst s Ústavem pro studium totalitních režimů.

Torst – ÚSTR, 2010, 1. vydání, váz., 472 str.ISBN 978-88-72154-84-3 (Torst), ISBN 978-80-87211-43-4 (ÚSTR)

17(02/2010)Ladislav KudrnaČeský otisk v tajné světové diplomacii

Jiří PlachýDruhá aféra „Nepolapitelného Jana“

Kamil NedvědickýÚnor 1948 jako počátek nelegitimního režimu

Petr CajthamlAktivní opatření v období krize komunistického režimu

Ondřej CinkajzlKe genezi komparativních fašistických studií a „novému konsenzu“

secu

ritas

impe

rii

SECURITAS_17_DEF.indd 1 12/13/10 9:02:19 AM

Kniha historika Ústavu pro studium totalitních režimů popisuje osudy dvou rodin postižených kolektivizací.

Vyšehrad, Praha 2010, 1. vydání, brož., 304 str.ISBN 978-80-7429-055-8

Nové číslo časopisu Securitas Imperii. Studie ● Dokumenty ● Recenze ● Anotace ● Zprávy

ÚSTR, Praha 2010, brož., 240 str., ISSN 1804-1612

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Page 3: Summaries - ustrcr.cz

Jazzový most - zpěvačka Jana Koubková a houslista Ed Vokurka (Kanada)Sochaři proti násilí Jiří Sozanský a Jaroslav ŠlezingerMezinárodní konferenceDny Polska a MaďarskaSvědectví Dcer politických vězňůMezigenerační výstavní projektKoncerty Rockem proti komunismuPřehlídka polských a maďarských fi lmůRekonstrukce politického procesuVzdělávací programy pro školyLiterární večerySetkání s hrdiny třetího odbojeEkumenická bohoslužbaBesedy, diskuse, autogramiády

Autorem sochy “Znovuukřižovaný” je Josef Randa

Foto sochy Miroslav Lédl

www.menetekel.cz

V. ročník mezinárodního projektu

Mene TekelRefl exe totality v umění a vzdělávání

21. února - 27. února 2011

Ve jménu těch, co z šibenic volali prokletí,ve jménu dětí, matek, žen – nevinných obětí,

ve jménu těch, co u hranic zastřeleni byli, ve jménu těch, co z vězení se zpátky nevrátili,ve jménu těch, co otroky bratrů svých se stalia přesto za jidášský groš svou čest neprodali.

Ve jménu lásky, života, pravdy a lidských práv,ve jménu psanců – tuláků bloudících v cizinách,

ve jménu těch, co žili věk za branami pekel,ve jménu všech já biblické píši: MENE TEKEL!

Jiří Herzinger, básník a politický vězeň

ziinnáárrooddnnííhoo pprojjeekkttuupp jPod záštitou Inter-ASSO

Sedm dní pro paměť národa na

Staroměstské náměstí. Křížová chodba Karolina UK. Porotní síň Vrchního soudu na Pankráci. Městská knihovna Praha. Kongresové centrum Univerzity Karlovy. Polský institut.Maďarské kulturní středisko. Chrám sv. Víta, Václava a Vojtěcha. Hudební klub Vagon.Kino Ponrepo. Divadlo U hasičů.

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Revue pro studium totalitních režimů2010/04, ročník IV, doporučená cena 75 Kč

04Stopy paměti

Historie zachycená v portrétech obětí totalitních režimů 20. století

Katyň 1943

Protektorátní propaganda, zákulisí a osudy českých svědků

Kolyma, kraj, kde je dvanáct měsíců v roce zima a zbytek je léto

Se Semjonem Vilenským o Gulagu, jeho věznění na Kolymě, síle přežít a udržování historické paměti04

ročn

ík I

V

obalka_04_DF.indd 1obalka_04_DF.indd 1 12/14/10 2:08 PM12/14/10 2:08 PM