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Summary of Detailed Planning Survey

Date: November 11, 2011

1. Full title of the Project

The project for study on improvement of existing bridges.

2. Type of the study

Database update and strategic plan study

3. Categorization and its reason

The Project is classified as “Category B”.

The final output of the Study is determination of the priority of the existing bridges to be replaced. Therefore, each project determined by the Study will have less environmental and social impact than new bridge construction projects’ one. The major impact will be occurred in the construction stage only.

4. Agency responsible for the implementation of the project

Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT)

5. Outline of the Project

5-1 Expected Goals which will be attained after the Project Completion

(1) Goal of the Project

The bridge improvement plan recommended through this project will be materialized by MPWT and relative

organization.

(2) Overall Goal of the Project

Through the improvement of bridges, transportation in Cambodia will become efficient and thus contributes to

the social and economic development in Cambodia.

5-2 Outputs

(1) Package A:

Plan for bridge replacement (bridges along 2-Digit, 3-Digit, and some of 4-Digit Roads) will be

recommended.

(2) Package B:

Plan for capacity development for bridge maintenance will be recommended.

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5-3 Activities

(1) Package A: Plan for bridge replacement

1. Determine the temporary bridges such as bailey bridge which should be replaced to permanent bridge.

2. Inspect the condition of above bridges including the effect from the flood of 2011, and also environmental

and social condition around the bridges. (bridges along 2-Digit, 3-Digit, and some of 4-Digit Roads)

3. Survey the traffic volume on the roads related to above bridges.

4. Estimate the cost of bridge replacement and leave comments of flood effects on bridges if any.

5. Determine the priority of the bridges to be replaced.

6. Scoping for the prioritized bridges, estimate and evaluate the environmental and social effect from the

project, plan the mitigating measures.

(2) Package B: Plan for capacity development of bridge maintenance

1. Review of past program / projects assisted by JICA, ADB, WB, AusAID, New Zealand and other foreign

organizations, and analyze the present issues, problems which should be tackled to enhance the capacity of

MPWT for bridge maintenance management works.

2. Analyze present system / database for bridge maintenance

3. Recommend the frame work of technical cooperation project which shall be implemented in the future to

enhance the capacity of MPWT regarding bridge maintenance management works.

5-4 Input

(1) Input by JICA

Dispatch of Mission

【Assignment for the member of mission】

Mission Leader

Bridge Diagnosis

Bridge Design

Cost Estimation

Road / Bridge Planning

Environmental and Social Consideration

Bridge Maintenance

Organization Analysis

Input other than indicated above will be determined through mutual consultations between JICA and MPWT

during the implementation of the Project, as necessary.

(2) Input by MPWT

MPWT will take necessary measures to provide at its own expense:

(a) Services of MPWT’s counterpart personnel as referred to in Annex I

(b) Suitable office space with available facilities;

(c) Information as well as support in obtaining medical service;

(d) Credentials or identification cards;

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(e) Available data (including maps and photographs) and information related to the Project;

5-5 Implementation Structure

The Project organization chart, the roles and assignment of each relevant personnel is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Project Organization Chart

5-6 Project Site(s) and Beneficiaries

All national land and All users of roads, bridges

5-7 Schedule of the Project (Tentative)

From Mar, 2012 to Mar, 2013

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mar, 2012 Apr, 2 012 May, 2012 Jun, 2012 Jul, 2012 Aug , 2012 Sep, 2012 Oct, 201 2 Nov, 2012 Dec, 2012 Jan, 2012 Feb , 2012

Submission of the Report ▲ＩＣ ▲ ＩＴ ▲ＤＦ ▲Ｆ

6.Review of past Overseas Cooperation

and needs analysis.

7.Analyze the present system / database

for Bridge maintenace

8.Propose the frame work of technical

cooperation project

ITEM

1. Inspection of the bridge condition

and environmental and social condition

arround these bridges.

2. Survey of traffic volume on 2-Digit,

3-Digit and 4-Digit National Roads.

3.Determin the bridges which needs

replacement.

4.Estimate the cost of Bridge

replacement.

5.Determin the priority to replace the

bridges

Figure 2 Project Schedule

6. Description of the project site

Figure 3 Location Map (Road Network in Cambodia)

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6-1 General

Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia between latitudes 10° and 15° North and longitude 102° and 108° East,

extending approximately 580 km from east to west and 450 km from north to south. Cambodia shares its 2,438

km border with Thailand in the west and north, Laos in the north and Vietnam in the east and southeast. In the

southwest Cambodia is bordered by the Gulf of Thailand with a 435 km coastline and an exclusive economic

zone of 55,600 km2. The profile of Cambodia is shown in Table 1. The population density by province is shown

in Figure 4. Capital Phnom Penh has a population of 1.33 million. Provinces with high population density are

concentrated around Phnom Penh.

Table 1 Profile of CambodiaLand Area 181,035 square kilometersGDP per Capita 830$ (2010)Consumer Price Index 6.7% (Sept 2011)Population 13,395,682 (Male: 48.6%, Female: 51.4%) (2008)Population Growth Rate 1.54% (2008)Total number of households 2,841,897 (2008)Density of population per Km2 75 (2008)Number of Municipality or Provinces 24

Source : National Institute of Statistics

Figure 4 population density by provinceSource : General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 by National Institute of Statistics

6-2 Natural Environment

(1) Climate

Cambodia’s climate is tropical monsoon. There are two distinct seasons, the dry season from November to April

Phnom Penh

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and the rainy from May to November. The rainy period brings 80% of the rainfall, which varies generally

between 1,200 and 2,000 mm per year across the country. The temperature changes regionally and seasonally.

The warmest month is April, when temperature can rise above 38ºC, and the coldest of about 22ºC is January.

The average annual temperature is 27ºC.

Source : Statistical Yearbook 2008Figure 5 Distribution of Annual Rainfall

(2) Protected Area

The protected areas, which share 18.08% (3,273,200 ha) of the total country’s area and managed by Ministry of

Environment, are covered by good forests that are important for wildlife habitats. There are 23 protected areas

including 7 national parks, 10 wildlife sanctuaries, 3 protected landscapes and 3 multiple use areas. The 7

additional protected forest share 7.36% (1,332,218 ha) of the total land area were established by Forestry

Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries later 1996.

Source : Cambodia National Report on Protected Areas and Development 2003, Ministry of EnvironmentFigure 6 Distribution of Protected Area

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(3) Forest Cover

Before 1960, the forest area covered 73% of the country total land area. Because of agricultural and industrial

development, the forest area decreased by 59.8% in 2006. The forest in Cambodia is categorized into seven types

(1. Evergreen Forest, 2. Semi-evergreen forest, 3. Deciduous forest, 4. Arid shrub, 5. Evergreen shrub, 6.

Bamboo forest and 7. Other forest).

Source : Forestry AdministrationFigure 7 Forest Cover (2006)

7. Legal Framework of Environmental and Social Considerations

7-1 Laws, regulations and standards related to environmental and social issuers

Laws, Decrees, Sub-Decrees and regulations related to environmental and social considerations published in

Cambodia are as follows:

LAW ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

(Preah Reach Kram/NS-RKM-1296/36, 1996)

LAW ON FORESTRY (NS/RKM/0802/016, 2002)

LAW ON FISHERIES, 2006

LAW ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2007

PROTECTED AREA LAW 2008

SUB-DECREE ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS

(Anukret/72ANK-BK/, 1999)

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SUB DECREE ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (No: 36 ANRK.BK, 1999)

SUB DECREE ON CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION AND NOISE DISTURBANCES (42

ANK/BK, 2000)

SUB DECREE ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL (No: 27 ANRK.BK, 2009)

“LAW ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT” is the

organic law on environment and regulates Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Actual procedure of EIA

is provided in “SUB-DECREE ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS” and

“General Guideline for Conducting Initial EIA and Full EIA Report, 2009”. Air quality and noise standards are

defined in “SUB DECREE ON CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION AND NOISE DISTURBANCES”. Water

quality standards are defined in “SUB DECREE ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL”.

Laws, Sub-Decrees and regulations related to land acquisition and involuntary resettlement in Cambodia are as

follows:

LAW ON LAND 2001

SUB DECREE ON STATE LAND MANAGEMENT (No 118 HNK/BK, 2005)

EXPROPRIATION LAW (2009)

Circular on Settlement of the illegal construction on the state land in cities and urban areas (2010)

7-2 Relative agencies and institution

Ministry of Environment (MOE) that was established in 1993 is in charge of environmental administration in

Cambodia and. There are 7 departments in the head office as listed below,

1. Environmental Law (including Climate change)

2. Natural Resources and Conservation

3. Pollution Control

4. Geographic Information System (GIS)

5. Environmental Education

6. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

7. International Cooperation (established recently)

The Department of EIA in MOE is in charge of environmental impact assessment and monitoring.

Ministry of Economic and Finance (MEF), Resettlement Department is in charge of land acquisition and

involuntary resettlement caused by public projects. Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee in MEF is policy

making and coordination organization on involuntary resettlement.

8. Provisional Scoping

Because the concrete bridge replacement plan is not formulated in this study stage yet, this scoping is based on

potential environmental and social impact caused by general bridge replacement projects of secondary roads. In

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the next study (Real Study) stage, environmental scoping of all priority bridge replacement projects,

reconsideration of the environmental category and formulation of mitigation framework should be conducted.

Table 2 Result of Environmental Scoping

Category

No. Impact Item

Assessment

Pre-Construction

PhaseConstruction

Phase

Operation Phase Reason / Remarks

Pollution

1 Air pollution B- D Generation of dust and exhaust gas caused by excavating works or operation of construction equipment

2 Water pollution B- ~C-

D Impact on water resources and aquatic ecosystem of turbid water caused by construction works, especially in protected area

3 Waste B- D Generation of construction waste including removed and demolished bridge

4 Soil pollution C- D Accidental massive leaking of fuel or oil5 Noise and

vibrationB- D Increase in noise and vibration level caused by

construction works6 Ground subsidence D D No considerable impact on ground subsidence7 Offensive odors C- D Exhaust gas from operation of ill-serviced

construction equipment8 Bottom sediment D D No considerable impact on bottom sediment

Natural Environm

ent

9 Protected areas C- D Some bridges located in protected area

10 Ecosystem B- ~C-

D Loss of natural vegetation, especially in protected area

11 Hydrology C- D Impact on drainage pattern, especially in flood or irrigation areas

12 Geographical features

D D No considerable impact on geographical featuresSocial Environm

ent

13 Resettlement/Land Acquisition

B- ~C-

D Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, especially in town areas

14 Poor people D D Because of replacement of existing bridge, no considerable impact on only poor people

15 Ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples

D D Because of replacement of existing bridge, no considerable impact on only ethnic minorities

16 Local economies, such as employment, livelihood, etc.

B±~C-

B+ Impact on fisheryJob creation as unskilled laborReduction of travel time

17 Land use and utilization of local resources

B- B+ Temporary change of land use for construction yardActivation of local resources caused by reduction of travel time

18 Water usage B- ~C-

D Impact on drainage pattern, especially in irrigationareas

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19 Existing social infrastructures and services

B- B+ Relocation or protection of utility facility such as water pipes and communication cablesImprovement of access to public services

20 Social institutions such as social infrastructure and local decision-making institutions

D D Because of replacement of existing bridge, no considerable impact on social institutions

21 Misdistribution of benefits and damages

D D Because of replacement of existing bridge, no considerable impact on misdistribution of benefits

22 Local conflicts of interest

D D Because of replacement of existing bridge, no considerable impact on misdistribution of benefits

23 Cultural heritage C- D Removal or relocation of cultural properties in construction site

24 Landscape D D Because of replacement of existing bridge, no considerable impact on landscape

25 Gender D D No considerable impact on gender

26 Children’s rights D D No considerable impact on children’s rights

27 Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS

C- D New influx of infected persons as construction worker, especially in remote areas

28 Working conditions (including occupational safety)

B- ~C-

D Impact on sanitary conditions around the construction site of dust and waste from construction worksLabor accident including tumble accident

29 Accidents C- C-~B+

Increase in traffic accidentImprovement of safety of pedestrians caused by bridge widening

Other

30 Trans-boundary impacts or climate change

D D No trans-boundary impacts such as climate change

A+/-: Significant positive/negative impact is expected.B+/-: Positive/negative impact is expected to some extent.C+/-: Extent of positive/negative impact is unknown. (A further examination is needed, and the impact could

be clarified as the study progresses)D: No impact is expected

9. Alternatives to the project activities including ‘without project’ option

Because the concrete bridge replacement plan is not formulated in this study stage yet, the alternatives will be

considered in the next study (Real Study) stage.

10. Result of the consultation with recipient government on environmental and social consideration including roles and responsibilities

Because the concrete bridge replacement plan is not formulated in this study stage yet, the public consultation or

stakeholder meeting will be held in the next study (Real Study) stage.

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11. Term of Reference for Environmental and Social Conditions

Term of Reference for the next study (Real Study) on environmental and social condition is as follows:

Task 1 : Relevant data and information collection

To identify the potential environmental and social impact caused by the bride replacement projects, the

consultant shall collect the relevant baseline data and information including the following items.

1. Condition and issues of involuntary resettlement caused by public projects

2. Reuse or disposal condition of removed bridges in past bridge replacement project

3. The latest information on protected area

4. Impact on fishery of past bridge construction project

5. Impact on surface water of past bridge development plan

Task 2 : Environmental scoping and basic mitigation policy

The consultant shall conduct environmental scoping of all bridge replacement projects prioritized in the

Study. On the basis of the scoping results, the consultant shall consider the basis mitigation policy for

important environmental items such as resettlement and construction waste.

END