summary of natural catastrophe events 2019 · 2020. 1. 28. · natural catastrophes in 2019 2 a...

Summary of Natural Catastrophe Events 2019

Willis Re eVENTTM Update

Insured losses and economic impact due to natural disasters

Volume 8

Natural Catastrophes in 2019 i

Natural Catastrophes in 2019 ii

Table of contents

Major natural catastrophes in 2019 per region based on insured losses ..................................................... iii

Contact us ..................................................................................................................................................... iv

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 1

1. In focus .................................................................................................................................................. 3

2. Major natural catastrophes in 2019 ....................................................................................................... 8

3. Other natural catastrophe events by peril and location ....................................................................... 42

Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................. 52

Sources ....................................................................................................................................................... 52

Natural Catastrophes in 2019 iii

Major natural catastrophes in 2019 per region based on insured losses

Natural Catastrophes in 2019 iv

Contact us

For further information, please contact:

John E. Alarcon, Ph.D., M.Sc.

Executive Director

Catastrophe Analytics, Willis Re International

Willis Re

Willis Ltd I 51 Lime Street I London EC3M 7DQ

+44 (0) 20 3124 8678

[email protected]

Prasad Gunturi, M.Sc.

Executive Vice President

Catastrophe Analytics, Willis Re North America

Willis Re

8400 Normandale Lake Blvd, Suite 1700 I

Bloomington, MN 55437

+1 952 841 6641

[email protected]

Karl Jones

Managing Director

Catastrophe Analytics, Willis Re International

Willis Re

Willis Ltd I 51 Lime Street I London EC3M 7DQ

+44 (0) 20 3124 7488

[email protected]

Vaughn Jensen

Executive Vice President

Catastrophe Analytics, Willis Re North America

Willis Re

8400 Normandale Lake Blvd, Suite 1700 I

Bloomington, MN 55437

+1 952 841 6641

[email protected]

With special thanks to the eVENT summary response team:

Charlotte Miller (EMEA W/S London) | Rebecca Stepanian (EMEA N/E London) | Natasha Denn

(APAC Ipswich) | Charlie Mariner (APAC Ipswich) | Alexander Saunders (EMEA W/S London) | Sarah

Lochhead (EMEA W/S London) | Matt Day (EMEA W/S London) | Ed Spurling (EMEA W/S Ipswich) |

Alexander Paul (EMEA N/E Ipswich) | Alex Wilkerson (EMEA N/E London) | Bethany Young (LAC

London) | Nikil Pujari (NA Mumbai) | Roy Cloutier (NA Minneapolis)

willistowerswatson.com I willisre.com

January 2019

mailto:[email protected]





https://www.willistowerswatson.com/en

http://www.willisre.com/

Natural Catastrophes in 2019 1

Introduction

This report summarizes economic and insured losses from the most relevant natural catastrophe

events that occurred during 2019. The loss values presented herein include those reported by

Willis Re, catastrophe model vendors, reinsurance companies and third-party organizations. Loss

estimates are presented in USD, for which rates of exchange at December 1, 2019, have been

used.

Our insured loss estimates from major natural catastrophes in 2019 of about USD 53 billion are in the

same order of magnitude as those observed in 2012 and keeps to the trend of reduction in natural

catastrophe losses seen since 2017, when the annual market losses reached USD 143 billion. The

insured losses in 2019 are about 18% lower than the average annual losses since 2011, which stand at

USD 65.2 billion (see table below). Similarly to what was observed in 2018, for 2019 the losses are

coming from minor and midsized loss events rather than from one or a couple of natural disasters that

concentrated a large percentage of the insured losses during that given year (e.g., HIM hurricanes in the

North Atlantic in 2017 or the Tohoku Earthquake in Japan in 2011).

During 2019 in the U.S., the largest single insured loss came by end of May when a severe thunderstorm

affecting the High and Central Plains and eastern parts of the country produced circa USD 3 to 4 billion of

insured losses. In addition, the severe thunderstorm between March 23 to 25 that affected the Central

and Low Plains produced more than USD 1 billion loss. In Japan, Tropical Cyclones Faxai in September

and Hagibis in October had insured losses of circa USD 7 billion and USD 8 billion, respectively, while

Australia has been affected by bushfires that so far have produced more than USD 900 million. Europe

saw lower insured losses from natural disasters during 2019 than in recent previous years: Winter Storm

Dragi-Eberhard in March produced circa USD 850 million losses mainly from Belgium, France, the UK,

Germany, Netherlands and Luxembourg. This level of losses in Europe is similar to the USD 830 million

caused by the hailstorms in June affecting Germany, Poland, Slovenia and the Czech Republic. In the

Middle East and Africa region, Tropical Cyclone Idai hit Mozambique in March with circa USD 150

million insured losses and caused more than 1,000 fatalities. Finally, in Latin America and the

Caribbean, the highlight of 2019 is the impact of Hurricane Dorian with insured losses in the Caribbean

that could range between USD .75 billion and 2.5 billion.

The aforementioned events, along with others having lower insured losses, are described in detail in the

second part of this report, listed in chronological order. Additionally, a summary of events is provided in

the tables at the end of this document, organized by peril/region affected and in chronological order.

Insured losses from natural catastrophes since 2011 (Willis Re estimates). Note that the 2018 estimates differ to those reported in

our previous document due to loss creep of events


A couple of visualizations showing both the regional and per peril distribution of loss estimates is

presented in the figures below.

For regionalization purposes we have divided the globe into Asia Pacific (APAC), Europe, the Middle East

and Africa (MEA), North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). For 2019, North America

had the largest insured losses with around 46% of the total, closely followed by APAC with 37%. In a

distant third position, we see LAC with about 10% of the total insured losses (driven by Hurricane Dorian

and a significant number of flood events), followed by Europe with circa 6% and the MEA region with

under 1%.

By peril, severe weather (hail, tornado, straight wind) had 40% of the total losses followed by tropical

cyclones (hurricanes) in the Northwestern Pacific with 32%, and tropical cyclones in the Atlantic with 12%.


1. In focus

Figure 3. Satellite image of Batemans Bay, Australia, on

December 31, 2019. (Copernicus EMS; Sentinel 2/ESA)

Climate processes: Australia's climate was impacted

by a positive Indian Ocean Dipole in 2019, exerting

a drying influence over many parts of the country. A

prolonged negative phase of the Southern Annular

Mode enhanced the warm and dry conditions in areas

of eastern Australia, and a sudden stratospheric

warming in September shifted the westerly winds

further north over New South Wales and Queensland

in October and November.

The combination of dry, hot and windy conditions

provides the perfect environment for bushfires to

ignite and spread rapidly.

Figure 1. Accumulated-FFDI deciles for spring 2019

(based on all years since 1950). Source: Special

Climate Statement 72-dangerous bushfire weather in

spring 2019 (Australian Bureau of Meteorology)

The 2019 Australian bushfire season

Catastrophic fire danger ratings have been issued in New South Wales (NSW), Western Australia (WA), South

Australia (SA) and Victoria (VIC). Impacts include the loss of human lives and damage to property, as well as

extensive loss of wildlife and environmental heritage. (Further details on impacts can be found on page 27.)

Almost all major fires that continue to burn into 2020 are beyond a suppressible size and will only be

extinguished through a significant rainfall event or a deficit of consumable fuel. Elevated fire conditions are

expected to persist across eastern Australia into February, despite an increased chance of rainfall suggested

by local weather conditions.

Figure 2. Firefighters tackle the Gospers Mountain fire

in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area

outside Sydney. Photograph: Dean Lewins/EPA

Record low rainfall and warmer than average temperatures in 2019 resulted in the highest ever fire

weather risk across Australia as measured by the Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), with record high values

observed in areas across all states and territories (Figure 1).


Latin America and the Caribbean – was nat cat the main loss driver

for the region in 2019? In the Latin America and Caribbean

region, the losses and impacts of natural

catastrophes have been particularly low

in 2019. The largest insured losses for

2019 may not be from natural

catastrophes but from political risks

generating significant losses to local

cedants as cover is included in many

property programs.

Hurricane Dorian was the only notable

cyclone of the season to impact the Latin

America and Caribbean region. The

Category 5 hurricane hit the Bahamas with

maximum sustained wind speeds of 185

mph. Due to the atmospheric steering conditions, Hurricane Dorian stalled over the Bahamian islands of

Abaco and Grand Bahama for 36 hours, prolonging the storm’s interaction with the islands and causing

extensive damage. PMLs on the affected islands were high, but insured losses were contained as the

impacted area only accounts for ~20% of the overall exposure in the Bahamas – the main commercial

area of New Providence/Nassau being mainly unaffected by the event.

With no notable earthquake loss in the region and a quieter Atlantic hurricane season, from a natural

catastrophe perspective, Hurricane Dorian produced the highest insured losses. However, political risk in

Chile is emerging as the dominant driver of loss for regional cedants.

In the lead-up to January 1, 2020, renewals,

one of the main discussion points in the

industry, has been the reinsurance market’s

reaction to emerging political risk losses.

Rioting in Chile in 2019 may end up producing

the largest losses for the region and bring

notable changes to the market. Chile has

been a very stable country for the past 20

years; however, on October 18, 2019, a rise in

metro fares sparked widespread civil unrest in

areas of Santiago and other cities. This unrest

produced looting and damage to property, with

large retail units bearing the worst of the

damage. While most of the damage was

produced in the first week of the unrest, demonstrations continued for more than a month. The Chilean

Government estimate the insured losses from the riots could reach ~$3 billion.

As losses increase, insurers and reinsurers are now looking to implement new underwriting measures in

reaction to how strikes, riots and civil commotion (SRCC) cover is written and protected.

Figure 4. Hurricane Dorian’s path across the Bahamas (Source: USAID)

Figure 5. The riots in Santiago, Chile (Source: Insurer Insider)


Climate change, anomaly or a new norm for Europe?

Climate change has become a pressing topic for the insurance industry. In 2019, the Prudential

Regulatory Authority (PRA) in the UK became the first regulator to ask insurers to quantitatively

assess the tangible impact of climate-related financial risks. With other regulatory bodies looking

to follow, it will fall upon a wider group of insurers in Europe and beyond to determine both the

financial impact of climate change and how to adapt their view of risk accordingly.

It is widely recognized that

climate change plays a part in

varying the frequency and

severity of catastrophic disasters

(according to the

Intergovernmental Panel on

Climate Change [IPCC]). For

example, based on IPCC climate

scenarios (Figure 6) the

European Environment Agency

(EEA) forecasts both an

increase in the danger of wildfire

across Central and Southern Europe due to rising temperatures and an increase in the likelihood of storm

surge and tidal flood events, as seen in Venice this November, due to rising sea levels.

Event experience has shown a general trend of increasing numbers of catastrophic events and

catastrophe-related losses (Figure 7). Whether these increased losses are indicative of long-term

anthropogenic climate change, a shorter-term natural variability or a combination of both, remains to be

seen. This is due to both uncertainty in the leading driving mechanisms of catastrophic events and

external human factors, including increased insured value. Taking European windstorms as an example,

2019’s largest event, Eberhard, caused insured losses of USD $851 million – over half of total European

windstorm losses, which were significantly lower than previous years. This highlights the variability of

European windstorms, for which there are three

recognized competing mechanisms that are

affected by climate change:

1. Arctic warming decreasing the equator

to pole temperature gradient, generally

associated with weakening windstorms

2. Atmospheric warming increasing latent

heat release, which is thought to

strengthen windstorms

3. Northward migration of the jet stream

changing windstorm tracks

It is still unknown how the combination of these

competing mechanisms will impact the future of

windstorm intensity, frequency, track and,

ultimately, losses. However, challenges such as

these present a unique opportunity for the

insurance industry to liaise with the wider

scientific community and develop new climate-

based risk frameworks to better project future

losses.

Figure 6. Forest fire danger in the present climate and projected changes under IPCC climate scenarios (Source: EEA)

Figure 7. Number of weather-related catastrophic events and

resultant losses from 1980 to 2018 (Source: Munich Re)


The US in 2019 – a year which could have been big

In the US, 2019 industry losses were fairly benign relative to recent years, with only three events

exceeding USD 1 billion and none exceeding USD 5 billion. In contrast, 2018 and 2017 both saw

multiple events exceeding USD 5 billion in insured loss.

The year’s most significant insured loss event was a severe

thunderstorm outbreak across the Rockies, Central and

Northeastern regions of the US between May 26 to 29 (Figure

8). This outbreak produced 189 tornado reports, 355 hail

reports and 606 straight-line wind reports. Of note, was an EF-4

tornado that produced heavy damage near the city of Dayton,

Ohio, on May 27. Economic losses for this event are estimated

to be between USD 2.7 to 3.9 billion (NOAA).

Also among the year’s most significant insured loss events are

Hurricane Dorian (August 28 to September 6) and Tropical

Storm Imelda (September 16 to 21). Total insured losses for

these two events exceeded USD 1 billion. Hurricane Dorian

made landfall on the Outer Banks of North Carolina as a slow-

moving category 1 hurricane, after devastating the northern

Bahama Islands with category 5 intensity (see Latin American

and Caribbean section). Dorian weakened as it tracked

offshore parallel to the Florida, Georgia and South Carolina

coastlines before making landfall in North Carolina (Figure 9),

bringing a destructive sea-side surge that inundated many

coastal properties and isolated residents that did not

evacuate. Significant flood damage to many homes and

businesses occurred on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, in

addition to severe storm and tornado damage. Tropical Storm

Imelda and its remnants brought 24 to 36 inches of rainfall over a three-day period across a large area

between Houston and Beaumont, Texas. The largest storm total of 43.39 inches was reported at North

Fork Taylors Bayou, Texas. Many thousands of homes, cars and businesses were impacted by flood

water due to extraordinarily heavy rainfall. Imelda now represents the fifth 500-year flood that has

impacted a portion of southeast Texas over the last five years (NOAA).

The 2019 wildfire season was not as active as 2018. However,

October saw two significant wildfires in California with

combined insured loss estimate less than USD 1 billion. The

Saddle Ridge Fire, October 10 to 23, started near Sylmar, Los

Angeles, and burned more than 8,000 acres while destroying

19 structures and damaging 88. The Kincade Fire, October 23

to November 6, started northeast of Geyserville, Sonoma

county, and burned more than 77,000 acres – an area more

than twice the size of city of San Francisco (Figure 10).

According to CalFire, 374 structures were destroyed and 60

more were damaged by the Kincade Fire.

Figure 9. Hurricane Dorian’s path as of September 1 (Source: NOAA)

Figure 8. Thunderstorm reported on May 26 (Source: SPC, NOAA)

Figure 10. GeoMAC Kincade Fire Extent issued on November 8, 2019 (Source: SpatialKey)


Europe and the Middle East – a stark reminder of pan-European

earthquake risk

Throughout 2019, a series of earthquakes across Europe have served as a reminder that

damaging and life-threatening earthquakes can occur across the continent.

In the late stages of 2019, Albania suffered a series of moderate to strong earthquakes. Initially, a

Mw 5.6 event on September 21, near the port city of Durrës, led to hundreds of damaged buildings. The

main shock in the sequence was a Mw 6.4 and occurred two months later on November 26,

approximately 15 km north from the first. This resulted in 52 fatalities, which is one of the highest

worldwide from an earthquake in 2019. Thousands of buildings were damaged, including several multi-

story apartment buildings that collapsed, with the event resulting in significant local economic losses.

Albania is no stranger to earthquakes, with relatively large events also occurring in 1988, 1982 and 1979.

This earthquake hazard arises from tectonic compression across the Balkan region, which extends from

Croatia down through the Adriatic Sea into Greece, and has given rise to significant earthquake activity in

the region throughout history. Local geology may have also played a role in the violent nature of the

November 2019 event, with shaking intensified by weak soil conditions in the region surrounding Durrës

(Temblor).

Elsewhere in 2019, a Mw 5.7

earthquake occurred in the Marmara

Sea, Turkey, on September 26 and

was felt widely across Istanbul. While

damages were not significant, the

event is a reminder of the risk

earthquakes pose to Istanbul.

An unusually shallow Mw 4.8

earthquake also struck

southwestern France on November

11. While damage was localized and

very limited in extent, the event stresses

the risk posed by earthquakes in regions not typically associated with active seismicity.

2019 seismic activity, particularly within Albania, highlights both the importance of appropriate

quantification of seismic hazard across Europe and the imposition/regulation of stringent building

standards in regions prone to seismic shaking. While the events discussed have not produced very

significant insured losses, the potential does exist in Europe – particularly in seismically active regions

such as Italy, Greece, the Balkans and Turkey – and an appropriate risk management is advised.

Figure 11: Epicenter of the Mw 6.4 Albania event and subsequent aftershock sequence, via Temblor


2. Major natural catastrophes in 2019

Winter weather January 1 to 15, 2019

Northern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe (mainly Austria), Northern Greece

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 150 (Willis Re)

Fatalities

▪ >26 (The Weather Channel)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ Heavy snowfall first occurred in the early days of

January, caused by a blocking high over the British Isles as well as several low-pressure areas in Scandinavia, pushing wind masses toward the Northern Alps (FU Berlin, ZAMG, meteoschweiz).

▪ The severe weather led to storms, flooding and heavy snow in Scandinavia, snow pressure losses and avalanches, as well as heavy precipitation and freeze in Central and Eastern Europe and Northern Greece (ORF, SMHI).

Impact ▪ Due to high amounts of fresh snow (up to 300cm

within a few days in AT (ZAMG) there was an increased risk of avalanches, while snow in combination with rainfall and warmer temperatures was a source of snow pressure losses.

▪ Multiple fatalities in avalanches and snow pressure-related accidents (The Weather Channel).

▪ Damage to hotels in Austria and Switzerland that were buried by avalanches.

▪ Evacuation of villages in Austria and Norway due to avalanche risk.

▪ Temporary shut-down of skiing areas in Austria. ▪ Roads and rail tracks blocked by snow and fallen

trees (ORF). ▪ Cancellation of flights in Innsbruck (AT), Munich

(DE) and Thessaloniki (GR) (ORF).

Weather map at 06:00 UCT on January 5

(source: ZAMG)


BL Northwestern U.S.

January 5 to 6, 2019

Northwestern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <100 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ An upper-level trough along with rain showers

over the Pacific Northwest generated intensified isolated thunderstorms.

▪ The frontal system and onshore flow brought strong wind gusts that caused tree and structure damage in the evening and overnight, resulting in widespread power outages.

▪ Wind speeds greater than 60 mph were recorded in these regions.

Impact ▪ The frontal system and onshore flow brought

strong wind gusts that caused damage to structures and trees to fall in the evening and overnight, resulting in widespread power outages.

▪ Oregon and Washington received snow accumulation totals over 8 inches in some areas.

▪ Close to 350,000 properties were affected by power outages.

National snowfall analysis: 48-hour accumulation (source: NOAA)

BL California, U.S. January 16 to 18, 2019

California, U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A strong low-pressure system pushed onto the

West Coast on January 16, leading to heavy rainfall in the Pacific Northwest and across Northern/Central California, with the heaviest rain occurring over the coastal areas.

▪ Several inches of rainfall resulted in flash flooding and landslides near the Southern California coast.

▪ Heavy snowfall of 1 to 2ft was recorded in parts of the Sierra Nevadas, as well as the Cascades and central Rockies.

Impact ▪ Close to 300,000 properties were affected by

power outages. ▪ The National Weather Service declared a

blizzard warning for the Lake Tahoe region with wind gusts of 90 mph.



BL Northeastern U.S.

January 20 to 23, 2019

Northeastern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ An area of low pressure at the surface, along

with high pressure originating in southern Canada moved toward the Northeastern U.S.

▪ The upper-level trough and southern position of the jet stream caused cold air to flow southward over the Great Lakes.

▪ Relatively dry conditions and extremely cold temperatures were reported in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions.

▪ Snow, sleet and freezing rain were hammering parts of the Northeast, with a winter storm warning in place from the Ohio Valley to northern Maine, according to the National Weather Service.

▪ Temperatures as low as -30 degree were reported in this region.


power outages. ▪ Reports of frozen pipes in many areas.

Winter storm temperatures. Purple indicates lowest temperature in degree Celsius (source: NOAA)

BL Midwest U.S. January 29 to February 1, 2019

Midwest and Northeast U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A strong upper-level low along with high

pressure at the surface leading to dry and very cold conditions.

▪ Bands of heavy lake effect snow impacted parts of northern and western Michigan.

Impact ▪ Some areas of western Michigan received over a

foot of snow. ▪ A record breaking -33 degrees Celsius was

recorded in the State of Illinois. ▪ The lowest temperature recorded in Indiana was

-11 degrees Celsius, a record low since 1966. ▪ The lowest temperature recorded in Michigan

was -26 degrees Celsius and led to governor of Michigan declaring a state of emergency.

▪ The lowest temperature recorded in the region was -48 degrees Celsius in the state of Minnesota.




ST Midwest U.S. February 23 to 26, 2019

Midwest and Northeast U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS) Fatalities: 2 (NOAA)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A low-pressure system along with the associated

frontal boundary brought scattered hail and strong wind gusts to the region.

▪ Multiple tornados were reported across northern Mississippi and Alabama, reaching up to EF-3 strength.

▪ Gusty winds and very cold temperatures remained on the Northeast as high pressure pushed into the region.

▪ Heavy snow and blizzard conditions continued across the upper Great Lakes region.

Impact ▪ Over 100 properties are thought to have been

damaged by flood. ▪ Close to 300,000 properties were affected by

power outages. ▪ Winds greater than 60 mph caused damage to

trees and structures and resulted in widespread power outages across New England.

▪ An EF-1 and EF-0 was reported according to the National Weather Service in the State of Alabama.

▪ An EF-3 and EF-0 was reported according to the National Weather Service in the State of Mississippi.

Thunderstorm reported on February 23

(source: SPC, NOAA)

ST Southern U.S. March 3 to 4, 2019

Southeast U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS) Fatalities: 23

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A low-pressure system pushed through the

Southeast, bringing severe thunderstorms across the region.

▪ Strong to severe thunderstorms brought strong winds, large hail and tornadoes, a few of which were producing extensive damage.

Impact ▪ More than 40,000 homes and businesses lost

electricity.

Thunderstorm reported on March 3 (source:

SPC, NOAA)


WS Storm Dragi-Eberhard

March 9 to 10, 2019

Belgium, France, UK, Germany, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Netherlands, Luxembourg

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 851 (PERILS)

▪ 550-660 for

Germany

(Willis Re)

▪ < 550 for

Germany

(GDV)

▪ 1,000 to 1,650

(AIR)

Fatalities

▪ 3 (PERILS)

Eberhard was the largest windstorm of the 2018-2019 European winter storm season. Timeline and meteorology

▪ Due to frequent prevailing westerly winds in the early parts of 2019, Europe was repeatedly impacted by unstable weather conditions and thunderstorms (DWD).

▪ The weaker low-pressure storm system, Dragi, was the one to hit first on March 9, followed by Eberhard just a day later (PERILS).

▪ Eberhard commenced over the UK and moved across Belgium and the Netherlands. The storm then continued toward Central Germany and the Czech Republic with average wind speeds of around 100 km/h (DWD).

▪ Gale-force winds were measured in parts of Germany (DWD).

Impact

▪ A village in East Germany was cut off by fallen trees, residents were temporarily unable to return to their homes, and power outages were reported (DW).

▪ Emergency services attended to 900 storm-related incidents in Bavaria.

▪ German Rail (Deutsche Bahn) stopped their train service in the state of North-Rhine Westphalia, also affecting international trains.

▪ Austrian Federal Rail (ÖBB) canceled all services on March 10.

▪ Several flights were delayed or cancelled in Germany.

▪ The loss return period was calculated to be 1.5 years Europe-wide and 10 years for Belgium (PERILS).

European weather forecast for Saturday,

March 9 at 12:00 UTC (source: DWD via FU

Berlin)

Eberhard Maximum Wind Speeds (source:

EuroTempest via SpatialKey)


Cyclone Idai March 9 to 17, 2019

Mozambique

Max. Category 3

Insured losses

(in USD Millions)

▪ 140 (Swiss Re)

Economic losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 2,000 (Swiss Re)

Fatalities

▪ 1,013 (Munich Re)

Cyclone Idai was the deadliest natural catastrophe in the first half of the calendar year. Timeline and meteorology

▪ Tropical Cyclone Idai developed on March 9 in the Southern Indian Ocean, more specifically, in the Mozambique Channel.

▪ It attained cyclone status on March 10, located around 307 miles north-northeast of Europa Island.

▪ On March 15, Idai made landfall near Beira, Mozambique, with maximum sustained wind speeds near to 103.6 mph.

Impact

▪ The accumulated rainfall was more than 600mm affecting several areas of Mozambique.

▪ Idai caused an extended storm surge along the coastal area of Sofala province. Beira city was the worst affected with a maximum storm surge of 4.4m near Beira on the March 14.

▪ The number of fatalities reported was 1,013 (Munich Re), and the total number injured was 1,641.

▪ 160,297 people were displaced, and 1.85 million people were in need of humanitarian services.

▪ Over 223,000 homes were destroyed and over 715,378 hectares of crop damage.

Cyclone Idai Track (source: Meteofrance)


BL Midwest U.S. March 12 to 17, 2019

Midwest U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS) Fatalities: 1

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A strong weather system developed over the

Central and Southern Plains, followed by severe thunderstorms bringing heavy rainfall.

▪ The heavy rain resulted in flash flooding across the region.

▪ Gusty wind and large hail also impacted western Texas.

▪ 6 to 12+ inches of snow impacted the Rockies and central Colorado throughout the day.

▪ Gusts greater than 70 mph were reported in Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; greater 100 mph in Pine Springs, Texas; and greater than 90mph in Colorado.

Impact ▪ At least 70 structures were damaged following

the large storm in Michigan. ▪ Many rural homes were inundated with 6 to 7ft of

water in Missouri. ▪ Close to 300,000 properties were affected by

power outages.


SPC, NOAA)


SPC, NOAA)


Iran Floods March 17 to April 9, 2019

Iran

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ >15 agricultural losses (Agro Insurance)

Economic losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 4,100 (OCHA)

▪ 2,500 (Munich Re)

Fatalities

▪ >78 (OCHA)

Timeline and meteorology

▪ Heavy rainfall in the last two weeks of March, coupled with the nature of the terrain caused severe flash flooding across Iran. Since the start of the flooding at least 28 of the 31 provinces in Iran were impacted. To a lesser extent, Syria and Iraq were also affected.

▪ In the worst affected areas such as Golestan province, 70% of the annual average rainfall fell in the first 24 hours.

▪ This intense rainfall followed a very wet winter, which was significantly above the five-year average, consequently leading to high antecedent ground conditions.

▪ Heavy rainfall continued throughout late March and the start of April, which led to further flash flood events (GEOGLAM Crop Monitor).

▪ The rainfall from late December to early April was 44% higher than the average precipitation over the last 50 years (OCHA).

Impact

▪ The worst affected provinces were Golestan, Ilam and Lorestan.

▪ At least 78 people lost their lives, with approximately 1,140 injured across Iran (OCHA).

▪ At least 500,000 people were displaced, with over 10 million affected and 2 million of those in need of humanitarian assistance.

▪ Around 65,000 houses were destroyed, >114,000 damaged and >14,000 km of roads were affected. Infrastructure networks were also damaged, which, in turn, cut off smaller towns and villages. Additionally, water and sewer systems were destroyed and heavily affected, as well as health facilities and schools (OCHA).

▪ The heavy rain also resulted in landslides.

▪ There are >USD$15m agricultural insured losses, however, overall insured losses are uncertain.

Accumulated rainfall for Iran for the period 18 to 31 March 2019 (JBA)


ST Southern U.S. March 23 to 25, 2019

Southern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ >1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A low-pressure system was moving across the

Central and Southern Plains throughout the day, with an associated cold front situated over western Texas.

▪ Throughout the morning and afternoon, the system brought scattered showers and locally heavy rainfall to the region, with some isolated thunderstorms resulting in gusty winds.

▪ Reports of hail greater than 2 inches came from north of Dallas.

Impact ▪ Damage to roofs and roof shingles was

observed . ▪ Many vehicles were reported to have been

damaged due to hailstorm.


SPC, NOAA)

Thunderstorm hail size. Pink indicates largest hail size (source: NOAA)

ST Northeast U.S. April 12 to 15, 2019

Northeast U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ An upper-level trough and associated surface

low-pressure system set the stage for a multi-day severe weather outbreak causing strong to severe thunderstorms.

▪ This outbreak brought high wind speeds, large hail and multiple tornadoes, some of which were very strong.


power outages.

Thunderstorm reported on April 13 (source:

SPC, NOAA)


ST Southern U.S. April 23 to 25, 2019

Southern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ An area of low pressure moved into

western Texas, with an associated cold front extending from the Mid-Mississippi Valley into the region.

▪ The moist air mass ahead of the front initiated severe thunderstorms, which led to heavy rainfall and flash flooding as well as very large damaging hail.

▪ The low continued through the lower Mississippi Valley, bringing strong winds.


power outages.

Thunderstorm reported on April 24 (source:

SPC, NOAA)

ST Southern U.S. May 7 to 10, 2019

Southern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A cold front with a main low associated with the

system positioned over the Texas panhandle led to a supercell formation across Texas and the Central Plains. This resulted in very large hail across western Texas and Kansas.

▪ Across southern Texas and Kansas, heavy rainfall led to dangerous flash flooding.

▪ Rainfall greater than 10 inches was reported in the state of Texas.

▪ Multiple reports of wind damage and tornadoes came in across the region.

▪ Very large hail greater than 2 inches impacted the states of Texas and Louisiana.


power outages.

Thunderstorm reported on May 7 (source:

SPC, NOAA)


SPC, NOAA)


ST Midwest U.S. May 16 to 17, 2019

Midwest U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline and meteorology ▪ According to reports, a frontal boundary

stretched from the Great Basin through the Great Lakes region.

▪ Very large hail was a consequence of the storms and impacted the region, with reports of hailstones greater than 2 inches, in some areas.


power outages. ▪ Close to 350 vehicles are reported to have been

damaged.


SPC, NOAA)

ST All regions U.S. May 26 to 29, 2019

All regions U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ >1,000 (PCS) Fatalities: 1

Timeline and meteorology ▪ A low-pressure system led to severe

thunderstorms across the High and Central Plains.

▪ Scattered large hail, as well as strong wind gusts and heavy rainfall, impacted parts of eastern Wyoming and Colorado.

▪ The storms later redeveloped and resulted in multiple damaging tornadoes across the Midwest.

▪ Large hailstones reportedly impacted an area from Illinois through Ohio.

▪ Heavy rains over the central parts of the U.S. caused extensive flooding before moving on toward the Northeast.

▪ Hailstone diameters of more than 2 inches were reported in Oklahoma, Colorado, Illinois, Nebraska, Pennsylvania and Indiana.

▪ Wind gusts of more than 90 mph were reported in these regions.


power outages.


SPC, NOAA)


SPC, NOAA)


ST Central/Western Europe

June 4 to 5, 2019

Netherlands, Germany

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ >10 Fatalities

▪ 0


▪ Two days of sustained heavy rain, strong winds, and thunder resulting in widespread disruption and damage.

▪ Wind gusts of 127 km were recorded in Utrecht (Weer).

▪ 60,000 lightning flashes were recorded as the storm passed (DWD).

▪ The North-West German town of Bocholt saw wind speeds of 181 to 253 km and a F2 tornado touchdown (DWD).

Impact

▪ 71 people were hospitalized at the ‘Rock am Ring’ music festival due to lightning strikes.

▪ Amsterdam airport temporarily stopped departures.

▪ The Dutch Association of Insurers has estimated tens of millions of losses for the Netherlands.

Radar image of area affected, June 4, 9:00

p.m. (UTC) (source: Ventusky)

ST Southern U.S. June 9 to 10, 2019

Southern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)


▪ A cold front and an unstable air mass resulted in severe storms across Texas and Oklahoma.

▪ A series of storms moved through central Oklahoma, resulting in strong wind gusts of up to 70mph and large hail near Oklahoma City.

▪ The severe thunderstorms brought very large hail to central Texas, from San Antonio and northward through Dallas, with multiple reports of hailstones greater than 2 inches.

Impact


▪ Damage was caused by fallen trees and power lines.

▪ Damage to vehicles included broken windshields, mirrors and damaged vehicle bodies.

Thunderstorm reported on June 9 (source:

SPC, NOAA)


European Hailstorms (Storm Jörn)

June 10 to 13, 2019

Germany, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 830 (Munich Re)

▪ 770 – 990 for Germany (Willis Re)

Economic losses

(in USD)

▪ 1.1bn (Munich Re)

Fatalities

▪ 0

The main event was a hailstorm that hit the city of Munich on June 10 and became the most loss-intense severe weather to hit Germany in 2019. Timeline and meteorology

▪ After a series of severe weather occurrences in Central Europe in early June, the German city of Munich was hit by a supercell on June10, bringing about heavy rainfall of 10l/sqm in 9 minutes, strong winds of up to 118 km/h and hailstones with diameters of up to 6.5cm. The storm then moved on toward Eastern Europe (DWD, Artemis).

▪ Additional flooding occurred in Eastern Germany due to heavy rainfall (merkur).

▪ Hailstorms affected the Czech Republic and Poland where hailstones of diameters 3-4cm caused minor damage (ESWD).

▪ Severe hailstones with diameters of up to 11cm were measured in Southern Slovenia, damaging properties and vehicles (ESWD).

Impact

▪ No fatalities, but several people were injured (merkur).

▪ Extensive property damage to house fronts, window blinds and attic windows.

▪ Motor damage due to broken car windows, as well as dents and holes in vehicle bodies (merkur).

▪ Damage to photovoltaic power plants (ESWD).

▪ Disruption of rail services due to fallen trees on rail tracks (merkur).

▪ Disruption of air traffic in Berlin (RMS).

▪ Economic damages are higher than insured damages due to low insurance penetration (GDV). About three-fourths of losses arising from the German storms were insured (Munich Re).

▪ Losses in Munich could have been much higher had the hail hit the city center and had it occurred a day later – due to the Pentecost bank holiday, the city was rather empty (Artemis).

European weather forecast for Monday, June

10 at 12:00 UTC (source: DWD via FU Berlin)

European weather forecast for Tuesday,

June 11 at 12:00 UTC (source: DWD via FU

Berlin)


ST Colorado U.S. July 4 to 5, 2019

Colorado, U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)


▪ A shortwave trough progressing eastward toward an area of low pressure developed over eastern Colorado. High temperatures and regional instability produced isolated thunderstorms throughout central-eastern Colorado.

▪ A tornado was reported in the northeastern part of Colorado.

▪ Widespread wind gusts of 30-40 mph were

reported in these areas, with localized wind

gusts of 50+mph.

▪ Showers and severe thunderstorms developed along the surface boundary.

Impact

▪ Reports of significant damage to roofs and siding on residential and commercial buildings throughout the areas was received.

▪ Damage was also caused by fallen trees and power lines.

Thunderstorm reported on July 4 (source:

SPC, NOAA)

WS Italy June 20 to 23, 2019

Italy

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 277 (Willis Re)

Fatalities

▪ 1 (MeteoWeb)


▪ Severe winds and hail occurred across Northern Italy, most significant in the regions of Reggio-Emilia, Modena and Bologna.

▪ Wind speeds of up to 120km/h and 100mm of rainfall were recorded in the worst affected regions (MeteoWeb).

▪ Hail stones measuring up to 6cm in diameter were observed in some areas (ESWD).

Impact

▪ Significant damage to late season fruit crops and plants (Agro Insurance).

▪ Hail caused damage to vehicles and property including smashed windshields and damaged windows and roofs (MeteoWeb).

▪ 30 people reported injured (ESWD).

▪ Damage was also caused by fallen trees and power lines.

Severe convective storm over Modena

(MeteoWeb)


EQ California U.S. July 4 to 6, 2019

California, U.S.

Magnitude:

July 4 - Mw 6.4

July 6 - Mw 7.1

Max. intensity:

July 4 -

VIII – Severe (MMI)

July 6 -

IX – Violent (MMI)

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <100 (PCS)

Economic losses (in USD millions) ▪ 10-100 (with 35% probability, USGS)

Timeline and seismology ▪ California was struck by two large earthquakes

near Ridgecrest, California. The first earthquake occurred on July 4, Mw 6.4 around 18.2 NE of Ridgecrest. This was followed by another event on July 6, Mw7.1 1 7.9 km NE of Ridgecrest (USGS).

▪ Reports indicate there were more than 80,000 aftershocks recorded in the Ridgecrest area after July 4.

▪ The 6.4 magnitude earthquake was later reclassified as a foreshock by the US Geological Survey (USGS).

Impact ▪ The 7.1 earthquake is reported to have caused

damages to foundations and walls in both residential homes and commercial property.

▪ Natural gas leaks and multiple fires were reported.

▪ Damage assessment concluded 31 residential structures were deemed not inhabitable in their current conditions, as the structures were severely damaged. Those structures were red-tagged.

▪ 51 residential structures were yellow-tagged as being considered moderately damaged to the degree that their habitability was limited, and not suitable for overnight stays.

▪ Also, eight commercial structures were given red-tags, four commercial structures with yellow-tags, and four underground storage fuel tanks with red-tags.

Shaking Intensity MMI map of the affected area (source: USGS)


HU Barry July 10 to 18, 2019

South and Midwest U.S.

Category 1 at landfall

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <500 (RMS)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

▪ Hurricane Barry was the second named storm of the ▪ 2019 North Atlantic hurricane season. The system ▪ developed into a tropical depression and later

Tropical Storm Barry.


▪ Barry formed following a trough of low pressure over the Southeast, eventually triggering a low-pressure area over the Gulf of Mexico.

▪ On July 13, Barry strengthened into a category 1 hurricane and made landfall along the south-central coast of Louisiana.

▪ Barry was downgraded to a tropical depression on July 14.

▪ Flooding and heavy rainfall was reported in the area.

Impact

▪ A state of federal emergency was declared for Louisiana, authorizing the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to coordinate in preparation for Tropical Storm Barry.

▪ Extensive storm surge flooding from Lake Pontchartrain was reported in Mandeville, Louisiana. The flood depth was reportedly 1 to 3ft (0.3 to 0.9m).

▪ More than 150,000 homes and businesses were without power in Louisiana on Sunday, July 14.

▪ Record rainfall was reported in the inland state of Arkansas, with the City of Dierks in Howard County receiving 425mm of rain in 24h.

Wind speed and path of Hurricane Barry (source: NASA, NHC)

Path of Hurricane Barry as of July 12 (source: NOAA)


ST Northeast and Midwest U.S.

July 19 to 23, 2019

Northeast and Midwest U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)


▪ Scattered thunderstorms produced heavy rainfall and high wind gusts in Wisconsin and Michigan, leading to localized flash flooding in this area.

▪ The system continued to move east toward Michigan during the late hours of July 20, bringing severe thunderstorms, wind gusts and heavy rainfall.

▪ A tornado with wind speeds of 110 mph was reported in Massachusetts.

▪ Large hailstones with diameters of 3 inches were reported in Minnesota.

Impact

▪ Close to 600,000 properties were affected by power outages throughout the region.

Thunderstorm reported on July 20 (source:

SPC, NOAA)

ST Minnesota U.S. August 4 to 5, 2019

Minnesota and Wisconsin, U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)


▪ An upper-level low and cold front at the surface advanced into northern Minnesota, brining scattered showers and thunderstorms to this area.

▪ Regional instability and sufficient moisture allowed some of these storms to become severe, bringing heavy rainfall and high wind gusts to northern and central Minnesota, and northern Wisconsin.

▪ Wind gusts of up to 78 mph were reported in the Minnesota region.

▪ Large hailstones with diameters of 2 inches were reported in Minnesota and Wisconsin.

Impact

▪ Close to 14,000 properties were affected by power outages throughout the Wisconsin region.

Thunderstorm reported on August 5 (source:

SPC, NOAA)


ST Montana U.S. August 10 to 11, 2019

Minnesota and Wisconsin, U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)


▪ An upper-level trough and area of low pressure brought scattered showers and severe thunderstorms to the region

▪ Heavy rains were observed in many parts of the region.

▪ Large hailstones with diameters of 2-3 inches and wind gusts of 60+ mph were observed in parts of southern-central Montana.

Impact

▪ Reports of significant damage to roofs and

siding on residential and commercial buildings

throughout the area.

▪ Damage caused by fallen trees and power lines. ▪ Damage to vehicles included broken

windshields, mirrors and extensive damage to vehicle bodies.

Thunderstorm reported on August 11

(source: SPC, NOAA)


Hurricane Dorian August 26 to September 7, 2019

Eastern and Central Caribbean, Northern Bahamas, US and Canada

Max. Category 5

Category 5 at landfall in the Bahamas

Insured losses

(in USD billions)

▪ 4.0 – 8.5 (RMS US)

▪ 1.5 – 3.0 (AIR US)

Economic losses

(in USD billions)

▪ 3.5 – 6.5 (Moody’s Analytics)

Fatalities

▪ ~70 (IMC)

▪ ~300 missing (IMC)

▪ ▪ Major Hurricane Dorian was the strongest hurricane

ever recorded in the open Atlantic. ▪

Timeline and meteorology ▪ Dorian formed on August 23 as a low-pressure

system. It slowly strengthened as it tracked north west through the Caribbean, reaching its peak strength at Category 5 intensity as it curved westward toward the northern Bahamas.

▪ On September 1, Dorian made landfall at Elbow Cay on the Abaco Islands as a Category 5 hurricane with maximum sustained wind speeds of 185 mph (NHC).

▪ The storm proceeded to make a second and third landfall in Marsh Harbour and over the east coast of Grand Bahama Island.

▪ During the next 36 hours, Dorian remained stationary over Grand Bahama and Abaco Islands due to the atmospheric steering conditions being offset. During that time, wind gusts in excess of 150 mph and a storm surge of up to 15 ft impacted the island, causing catastrophic damage.

▪ After impacting the Bahamas, the storm slowly tracked along the east coast of Florida and the southeastern U.S. coastline. On September 6, Dorian made landfall over Cape Hatteras, North Carolina as a Category 1, bringing strong winds, storm surge, heavy rainfall, and localized flash flooding to the region. The storm then tracked offshore of the New England coastline toward eastern Canada as a post-tropical cyclone.

Impact ▪ Hurricane Dorian caused widespread and

catastrophic wind and storm surge damage in the Bahamas, particularly on the islands of Abaco and Grand Bahama.

▪ Structural damage was significant in Abaco with a high proportion of buildings being completely destroyed by a combination of wind and storm surge.

▪ RMS used satellite imagery to determine the level of damage in Marsh Harbour and Elbow Cay and found at least 80% of buildings were destroyed or partially damaged.

▪ The international airport near Freeport was inundated with 6 ft of water (RMS). Most buildings, including the terminal building, were severely damaged.

Wind speed and path of Hurricane Dorian (source: NASA, NHC)

Hurricane Dorian’s path as of August 30 (source: NOAA)


Australian bushfires September 2019 to present (ongoing event)

Location

New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), Victoria (VIC), South Australia (SA), Western Australia (WA), Tasmania (TAS) and Northern Territory (NT)

Insured loss estimate

(in USD millions)

Ongoing event

▪ ~ 910 (ICA, as at January 14)

Timeline of bushfire catastrophes declared by the Insurance Council of Australia (ICA)

▪ September 7, 2019: Catastrophe CAT193 event declared as up to 70 bushfires across southern QLD and 70 in NSW resulted to numerous property losses over September 5 to 9 (ICA).

▪ October 10, 2019: Catastrophe CAT194 event declared as severe bushfires impacted regions around Drake, Tabulam, Coongbar and Rappville (Northern NSW) (ICA).

▪ November 8, 2019: Catastrophe CAT195 event declared as a series of fires continue to impact NSW, QLD, VIC and SA. CAT195 event remains open as the bushfire emergency continues (ICA).

▪ During the final week of 2019, multiple new fires broke out across NSW, VIC, SA and WA while several fires merged into a megafire complex in East Gippsland VIC, impacting towns across East Gippsland, the Alpine region and southeast NSW (Willis Re Event Response).

▪ January 3,2020: The Ravine Fire on Kangaroo island SA broke containment lines, burning 35% of the Island. This resulted in the death of two people and the destruction of 56 houses and several tourist lodges. Significant additional losses were incurred across NSW, VIC and SA between December 30 and January 4.

▪ January 8, 2020: Over 100 fires remain active in NSW, while more than 30 are still active in VIC as part of large fire complexes (Willis Re Event Response).

Impact (as of January 14, 2020)

▪ A total property loss of 1,994 domestic homes have been confirmed: 1,687 (NSW), 110 (VIC), 144 (SA), 45 (QLD), 1 (WA), 2 (TAS) and 5 (NT). (ICA, RFS. ICA loss estimates are currently at 473 million USD).

▪ The total burnt area across all of Australia is currently 8 million hectares: 4.9 million ha (NSW), 1.2 million ha (VIC), 270,000 ha (SA), 250,000 ha (QLD), 1.7 million ha (WA) and 32,000 ha (TAS). (ICA)

Loss numbers are expected to rise significantly, particularly in NSW and VIC as assessment teams gain access to the fire grounds.

MODIS/VIIRS fire activity October 1, 2019,

to January 7, 2020, shown in red for

southern and eastern Australia.

Buildings and property lost as bushfires

impact Failford (NSW) on November 24,

2019.


Typhoon Faxai September 8, 2019

Location

Japan

Category

Maximum: 4

At landfall: 2


(in USD billions)

▪ ~ 7 (Swiss Re)

Fatalities

3 (Insider)


▪ September 5: Tropical storm Faxai formed north of the Northern Mariana Islands, approximately 2,500 km southeast of Japan before tracking north-westward (Willis Re Event Advisory).

▪ September 6: As of 06:00 UTC, Tropical Storm Faxai gradually intensified, featuring an estimated minimum central pressure of 996 hPa and 10-minute sustained wind speeds of approximately 90 km/h (Willis Re Event Advisory).

▪ September 8: Typhoon Faxai made landfall on the Miura Peninsula in Kanagawa at approximately 04:00 local time (18:00 UTC) before tracking across Tokyo Bay to make a second landfall by Chiba City, 20 miles (32 km) east of Tokyo (Willis Re Event Response). The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported through their automated weather station group (AMEDAS) observed 10-minute sustained wind speeds of up to 35.9 m/s (129 km/h) and minimum recorded central pressure of 968.3, equivalent to a Category 2 (Willis Re Event Response).

▪ September 10 to 11: Typhoon Faxai tracks northeast, away from Japan and dissipates (Digital Typhoon).

Impact

▪ Around 864,000 houses lost power, including the entire city of Kamogawa, east of Tokyo (National Broadcaster NH).

▪ The local fishery industry suffered an estimated 430 million yen in losses as of September 17 (Prefectural Government).

▪ On Monday, September 9, airlines cancelled more than 100 flights, which left more than 13,300 people stranded at the airport (Airport spokesmen, CNN).

▪ This came at the time of the 2019 Rugby World Cup being held in Japan – the storm caused disruptions to the England and Australian teams’ arrivals into Japan (Reuters).

▪ As well as fatalities, it is estimated that more than 30 people were injured, and many thousands of evacuations took place (Firstpost.com).

Best track map (top) and central pressure chart (bottom, time zone = UTC) for

Typhoon Faxai from Digital Typhoon


Spain Floods September 11 to 14, 2019

Spain

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 317 (CCS and Agroseguro)

Economic losses

(in USD millions)

▪ >1,660 Valencia only (Local Valencian Government)

Fatalities

▪ 6 (OCHO)


▪ On September 11, torrential rain began in southwest Spain.

▪ The average rainfall per day was 100 l/m² between September 11 and 14.

▪ Rainfall peaked at 300l/m² per day (Spanish environment agency).

▪ The total flooded area was 4,263 ha (42.63 km²) (Copernicus).

Impact

▪ 3,500 people were evacuated, including 2,000 residents of the town of Santomean in Murcia (FloodList).

▪ 700,000 students were affected due to the closure of a number of schools (GDACS).

▪ Almería and Murcia airports were closed (GDACS).

▪ Property and motor insured losses are USD $224 million (Spanish Insurance Consortium – CCS)

▪ Agriculture insured losses are USD $93 million (Spanish Agricultural Insurance Association Agroseguro)

▪ The Spanish Government scheme (CCS) expected 30,000 claims.

▪ Economic losses for other regions have not yet been announced.

▪ This is the highest payout recorded for flood events (CCS).

▪ AEMET recorded this event as having the highest flood damage since 1879.

Map showing flooding extent and fatalities per area (Source: ERCC)


Tropical Storm Imelda

September 16 to 21, 2019

Louisiana and Texas, U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD billions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Fatalities: 5 (NOAA)

▪ Timeline and meteorology ▪ Tropical Storm Imelda formed on Friday,

September 15 over the Gulf of Mexico. ▪ The storm got upgraded from being labelled a

tropical depression eleven when it reached maximum sustained wind speeds of 35 mph on September 16.

▪ It was again downgraded to tropical depression as it was moving inland over the greater Houston area, Texas.

▪ Heavy rainfall impacted areas of the upper Texas coast and southwest Louisiana, with some areas receiving 6 to 8+ inches of rain on September 17 and into the morning hours of September 18.

▪ Tropical Depression Imelda continued its slow, northward track over eastern Texas on September 18 to 19.

Impact ▪ Close to 57,000 buildings had interrupted power

supply on Thursday, September 19. ▪ Sargent, Texas, picked up just over 12 inches of

rain in 6 hours from Tuesday night into Wednesday morning, leaving many country roads impassable, according to the National Weather Service.

▪ Rain was falling at a rate of 4 inches an hour in Matagorda County early Wednesday morning, where a flash flood warning was issued.

▪ A state of emergency was declared for the counties of Brazoria, Chambers, Galveston, Hardin, Harris, Jasper, Jefferson, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgomery, Newton, Orange and San Jacinto on Thursday September 19.

Tropical storm Imelda’s path as of October 25 (source: NOAA)

Thunderstorm wind gust. Pink indicates highest wind gust speed (source: NOAA)


EQ Pakistan September 24, 2019

Pakistan, New Mirpur

Magnitude: Mw 5.4

Max. intensity: VII –moderate (MMI)

Depth: 10 km

Economic losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 34% probability between 100 and 1000 (USGS)

Fatalities

▪ 38 (GoAJ&K)

Timeline and seismology

▪ On September 24, at 16:02 (local time), a Mw 5.4 earthquake occurred in New Mirpur, Pakistan, as a result of shallow reverse faulting near the convergent boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates.

▪ The epicenter was located 7 km southeast of New Mirpur City, at a depth of 10 km (USGS).

▪ The earthquake originated along the Samwal-Jharik Kass fault, which is the same fault line responsible for the highly damaging 2005 Kashmir earthquake.

▪ There was one significant aftershock measuring 4.7 Mw two days after the main earthquake (USGS).

Impact

▪ There were 38 fatalities, with a further 665 injured (GoAJ&K).

▪ 500 to 3,000 properties were reported as fully damaged, 4,000 to 10,000 partially damaged and 50 to 200 vehicles damaged (NDMA Pakistan, GoAJK).

▪ Four bridges and five roads were damaged (NDMA Pakistan).

▪ Electric power supply, mobile and landline telephone services were severely disrupted in Mirpur and Bhimber districts (IFRC).

▪ Ex-Gratia assistance of approximately USD $14,000 was provided to next of kin of deceased persons jointly by the Government of Pakistan and the Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (NDMA).

ShakeMap (source: USGS)


EQ Marmara Sea September 26, 2019

Turkey

Magnitude: 5.7

Depth: 8 km

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ Not significant

Fatalities

▪ 0


▪ On September 28 at 13:59 local time, a Mw 5.7 earthquake occurred in the Marmara Sea. Its epicenter was located 20 km southeast of Marmaraereğlisi (USGS).

▪ The earthquake occurred on the North Anatolian fault at a depth of 8 km (USGS).

▪ The event was preceded by a Mw 4.9 foreshock on September 24.

▪ Two aftershocks > Mw 4 followed the main event.

Impact

▪ No fatalities were reported.

▪ More than 473 buildings were damaged; no buildings were reported destroyed (AFAD).

▪ 55 schools and two minarets were damaged.

▪ The earthquake occurred within a seismic gap, which is a portion of the fault that has not yet ruptured. Due to the relatively low magnitude of the event, it is likely this gap still exists and, hence, the potential for larger events in the same region along the fault.

Intensity (MMI) map of affected area

(source: USGS)


Hurricane Lorenzo October 2 to 4, 2019

North America, Azores, Ireland, UK

Max. category: 5

Category 1 at landfall

Economic losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 367 in Azores (Scientific American)

Fatalities

▪ 19 (NOAA)


▪ Lorenzo formed from a tropical wave off the west coast of Africa on September 22 (NOAA).

▪ At 00:00 UTC, September 23, the storm had strengthened into Tropical Depression Thirteen.

▪ Six hours later, the storm strengthened and formed Hurricane Lorenzo.

▪ On September 25, the storm intensified to Category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale with 90mph winds.

▪ 48 hours later it had further intensified into a Category 4 and one of the strongest hurricanes ever to form in the eastern Atlantic.

▪ As the storm turned north, it weakened to a Category 3.

▪ Lorenzo then re-strengthened to a Category 5 on September 29 at 00:00 UTC, only staying at this peak for 15 hours.

▪ Rapid weakening occurred before Lorenzo passed the western side of Flores Island as a Category 1 hurricane.

▪ Lorenzo became extra-tropical at 12:00 UTC on October 2.

Impact

▪ Lorenzo was the costliest hurricane in Azores history.

▪ 11 fatalities were caused when a ship sank near the eyewall of the hurricane on September 26. There were also eight fatalities along the US east coast, due to hazardous surf conditions (NOAA).

▪ 100 people were evacuated from homes in Azores (NHC) and 53 people were left homeless (Regional Civil Protection and Fire Service of the Azores).

▪ Azores declared an “energy crisis situation” in Corvo and Flores due to the difficulty getting fuel to these islands (Azores Regional Government).

▪ 20,000 people lost electricity in Ireland (NHC).

▪ Flights were cancelled in Ireland (NHC).

▪ 50 to 100mm of rain fell between October 2 to 3, causing flooding in Ireland (Met Éireann).

Tropical-storm-force wind speed probabilities

(Source: National Hurricane Center)


Saddleridge Wildfire

October 10 to 23, 2019

California, U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline

▪ California was battered by several wildfires in the time period of October to early November of this year.

▪ The fires first broke out in Southern California on October 10.

▪ This included the Saddleridge Fire, which started near Sylmar, Los Angeles, and the Sandalwood Fire, which started in Calimesa, Riverside County, about 70 miles (113 km) east of Los Angeles.

▪ The Saddleridge Fire started as a brush fire and spread rapidly due to strong Santa Ana winds and low humidity.

Impact

▪ The fire damaged over 88 structures and destroyed more than 19 structures.

▪ The Saddleridge Fire, which affected an area of more than 8,000 acres, led to mandatory evacuations and the closure of several freeways and sent thousands seeking shelter.

▪ Around 100,000 people were forced to evacuate in several Los Angeles neighborhoods, including Porter Ranch and Granada Hills.

GeoMAC extent of the Saddleridge Fire as of 12:00 UTC on October 24 (source: SpatialKey)


Typhoon Hagibis October 12 2019

Location

Japan

Category

Maximum: 5

At landfall: 2


(in USD billions)

▪ ~ 8 (Swiss Re) Fatalities

85 (NHK)


▪ October 5: Typhoon Hagibis formed as a depression to the west of the Mariana Islands and began tracking westward (Willis Re Event Advisory).

▪ October 7 to 10: Typhoon Hagibis developed into a category 5 equivalent hurricane and began tracking toward Japan (Digital Typhoon).

▪ October 12: Typhoon Hagibis made landfall just before 10:00 UTC (19:00 JST) on the Izu Peninsula in Shizuoka Prefecture as an equivalent category 2 (10-minute sustained wind speeds of 88 km/h and gusts of 132 km/h). Hagibis then tracked northeast through Japan, with the highest recorded 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 125 km/h at Haneda Airport at 21:00 JST (MLIT).

▪ October 13 to 14: Typhoon Hagibis tracks away from Japan and becomes extra-tropical (Digital Typhoon).

▪ The large radius of the storm, combined with higher-than-average sea surface temperatures led to a large amount of precipitation in Japan causing widespread flooding, with over 200 rivers overflowing (NHK).

Impact

▪ As of October 13, approximately 424,000 homes were without power (reliefweb.int) and 153,000 without running water (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry).

▪ Approximately 13,000 houses were inundated and 900 completely or partially destroyed (JBA).

▪ Industrial sites were significantly flooded along the Chikuma river in Nagano Prefecture and in Koriyama city in Fukushima Prefecture (JBA).

▪ Large residential areas experienced flooding in Nagano and Chiba Prefectures (JBA).

▪ The shinkansen (bullet train) maintenance yard in Nagano was inundated and 10 trains are due to be scrapped.

▪ Two dominant Japanese airlines cancelled a total of 558 (ANA) and 540 (JLA) flights (JBA).

DG ECHO Daily Map | 14/10/2019 Emergency Response Coordination Center (ERCC)

DG ECHO Daily Map | 14/10/2019 Emergency Response Coordination Center (ERCC)


ST Southern U.S. October 20 to 21, 2019

Southern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)


▪ A low-pressure system along with a frontal boundary moving through the Southern Plains resulted in a series of severe thunderstorms in the region.

▪ Large hailstones of 2 to 2.75 inches and 60+ mph wind gusts caused damage across Texas and southern Oklahoma.

▪ As the system moved eastward, heavy rainfall, damaging winds and tornadoes continued to be the main risks associated with this series of storms.

Impact

▪ Close to 30,000 properties were affected by power outages throughout the region of Tennessee.

▪ The tornado tore through the northern part of Dallas (the metro area), causing immense damage to trees and structures.

Thunderstorm reported on October 20

(source: SPC, NOAA)

Tropical Storm Nestor


Southern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <100 (PCS)


▪ On October 18, a disturbance over the western Gulf of Mexico began to organize and intensify into a tropical system.

▪ Initially, the minimum central pressure for the low remained around 1007mb, with maximum sustained winds around 35 mph.

▪ As the system and circulation became more organized, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Nestor.

▪ The central pressure continued to drop through the evening, and maximum sustained winds remained around 60 mph.

▪ As the outer bands of the storm moved over western Florida, heavy rainfall and thunderstorms developed.

▪ As Nestor moved onshore, tropical storm force wind gusts and heavy rainfall impacted areas in Eastern Louisiana and along the western coastline of Florida.

Impact

▪ The National Weather Service's report estimates roughly 50 homes were damaged in Florida.

▪ There were power outages reported in almost all affected regions, but the number of houses affected is unknown.

Thunderstorm reported on October 18

(source: SPC, NOAA)


Kincade Wildfire October 23 to November 6, 2019

California, U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline

▪ The Kincade Fire, northeast of Geyserville, Sonoma County, California, ignited on Wednesday, October 23.

▪ 77,758 acres, an area more than twice the size of San Francisco, were burned in Sonoma County per updated information from CalFire and media sources.

Impact

▪ 374 structures were destroyed, of which 174 were residential structures, 11 were commercial structures and 189 were categorized as other.

▪ There were also 60 structures damaged in which 35 were residential structures, one was a commercial structure and 24 were categorized as other.

▪ On October 27, the Kincade Fire forced the evacuation of two hospitals in Northern California.

▪ Sutter Santa Rosa Regional Hospital evacuated about 100 patients and 200 staffers. Kaiser Permanente Santa Rosa evacuated 110 patients to other Kaiser hospitals in Northern California after being placed under a mandatory evacuation, according to a hospital spokesperson.

GeoMAC extent of Kincade Fire as of November 8 (source: SpatialKey)


Tropical Storm Olga


Southern U.S.

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ <1,000 (PCS)

Timeline

▪ Tropical Storm Olga formed on Friday, October 25 over the Gulf of Mexico after getting upgraded from a tropical depression seventeen.

▪ It was declared a post-tropical storm by the evening hours of October 26 before making landfall, bringing high winds and heavy rainfall to the US states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee.

▪ Several tornadoes were reported, with wind gusts greater than 60 mph.

▪ Total rainfall measured was in the region of 6 to 8+ inches in some areas.

Impact

▪ Reports of significant damage to roofs and siding on residential and commercial buildings throughout the area.

▪ Damages were caused by fallen trees and power lines.

▪ Vehicle damages included damaged windshields, broken mirrors and extensive body damage.

▪ A series of strong to severe storms ripped through Tennessee, which caused widespread damage.

Tropical storm Olga’s path as of October 25 (source: NOAA)


UK Floods November 7, 2019

United Kingdom

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ 100 – 155 (PWC)

▪ 143 (ABI)

Fatalities

▪ 1 (Met Office)


▪ A slow-moving weather front caused persistent and heavy rainfall over Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire between 03:00 November 7 to 03:00 November 8.

▪ 50 to 100 mm of rainfall was recorded over the 24-hour period, equivalent to 122% of the average monthly rainfall for November (Met Office, CEH).

▪ Saturated soil, following a succession of wet months in northern, central and eastern England prior to the event, exacerbated run-off and flooding.

▪ Provisional estimates of peak flow gauge data suggest peak river flows equivalent to a one in 50-year event, with some locations equivalent to a one in 250-year event (CEH).

Impact

▪ There was severe flooding of both the River Derwent and River Don.

▪ One fatality occurred, because a woman was swept away by flood waters in Derbyshire (Met Office).

▪ Initial estimates indicate 4,000 flood claims relating to 2,250 homes and businesses and 1,788 damaged vehicles (ABI).

▪ Damages resulted in insured losses estimated at USD 143 million, with USD 58 million covering residential buildings and contents, USD 75 million for commercial buildings and contents, and USD 10 million for vehicle damages (ABI).

▪ Rail services between Matlock, Derby and Nottingham were cancelled.

▪ Schools, utilities and health care institutions were affected.

Rain-radar image of persistent front taken at 12:00 November 7, 2019 (top) hourly rainfall at Sheffield and Gringley-on-Hill over a 24-hour period (bottom) (source: Met Office)


Italy and Venice Severe weather and floods

November 10 to 12, 2019

Northeast Italy

Economic losses

(in USD millions)

▪ >1,100 (Local Venetian Government)

Fatalities

▪ 2 (ECHO)


▪ A combination of heavy rain, strong winds and storm surge caused flooding in much of North-East Italy.

▪ A high spring tide combined with a meteorological storm surge caused the worst flooding for 50 years in Venice where flood waters covered 80% of the city and reached up to 1.87m in height (FloodList).

Impact

▪ Significant damage to historical buildings in Venice’s city center.

▪ Low insured losses in Venice due to the exclusion of tidal flood in many policies.

▪ Economic losses of at least USD$1.1billion are estimated by the Mayor of Venice (Local Venetian Government).

▪ Italian government promised individuals could claim up to €5,000 ($5,500), and businesses up to €20,000 ($22,000) in compensation (BBC news).

▪ Elsewhere in Italy maximum red alerts where in place for windstorms and floods, with 10,000 residents in Emilia-Romagna suffering gas and power cuts and 11,000 left without power in Bolzano (thelocal IT).

▪ These storms and floods have also caused significant damage to Italy's agriculture and fishing industries.

Accumulated rainfall over Italy between November 10-12, 2019 (top), and total water level in Venice from November 2019 10-14


EQ Albania November 26, 2019

Albania

Magnitude: 6.4

Depth: 20 km

Insured losses

(in USD millions)

▪ Unknown

Economic losses

(in USD millions)

▪ >100 (USGS) Fatalities

▪ 51 (Copernicus)


▪ On November 26 at 03:54 local time at Mw 6.4 earthquake occurred due to thrust faulting near the convergent boundary of the Africa and Eurasia plates (USGS).

▪ Its epicenter was located 15 km southwest of Mamurras, Albania (USGS).

▪ This followed a Mw 5.6 event on September 21, which struck near Durres (RMS).

▪ Three aftershocks > Mw 5.1 followed the main event within 24 hours (ERCC).

Impact

▪ There were 51 fatalities with thousands injured (Copernicus).

▪ 1,183 houses collapsed and a further 5,497 were heavily damaged (Albania Government).

▪ 28 schools and two medical centers were damaged by the event (Albania Government).

▪ Electricity distribution station in Thumanë damaged affecting power in the region (ERCC).

▪ In the wake of the earthquake, prosecutors issued 17 arrest warrants for builders, engineers and officials suspected of breaching safety standards (BBC).

Macroseismic Intensity Map of Albania, November 26 (source: USGS)


3. Other natural catastrophe events by

peril and location

Events highlighted in the following tables represent those with detailed information presented in the first

part of the report.

Windstorm

Name Date Location Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Alfrida/Zeetje Jan 1 to 2 Denmark, Sweden Economic: Unknown Unknown

Frost and snow disaster Jan 3 China Economic: 176.35 (NDRCC) Unknown

Gabriel Jan 28 to 31 France, Spain, Portugal Economic: Unknown Unknown

Helena Feb 1 to 2 France, Spain, Portugal Economic: Unknown Unknown

Thomas (Erik) – Uwe (Isaias)

Feb 08

Switzerland, UK, Ireland, Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland

Economic: Unknown Unknown

Julia Feb 20 to 21 Azores Economic: Unknown Unknown

Kyllian Feb 23 Azores Economic: Unknown Unknown

Laura Mar 6 to 7 Portugal, Spain, France, Germany

Economic: Unknown 3 (NDR)

Dragi-Eberhard Mar 9 to 10

Belgium, France, UK, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Netherlands, Luxembourg

Insured: 851 (Perils)

Insured: 550 – 650 for Germany (Willis Re)

3 (Perils)

Gareth Mar 12 to 13 Ireland, UK Economic: Unknown Unknown

Hannah Apr 26 to 27 Ireland, UK Economic: Unknown Unknown

China Gales May 18 China Economic: 42.66 (NDRCC) Unknown

Miguel Jun 5 to 12 Portugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands


WS Italy Jun 20 to 23 Italy Insured: 277 (Willis Re) 1 (MeteoWeb)

Storms in Western & Central Europe

Jul 1 France, Germany, Italy, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Austria


WS Italy Jul 8-10 Italy Insured: 165 (Willis Re) Unknown

WS in Greece Jul 10 Greece Economic: Unknown 7 (Reuters)

China Gales Jul 26 China Economic: 69.69 (NDRCC) Unknown

Taranaki & Auckland Storms

Aug 10 New Zealand Insured: 4.47 (ICNZ) Unknown

WS France and Germany Aug 18 France and Germany Economic: Unknown Unknown

Mortimer Sep 29 to 30 Central and Western Europe Economic: Unknown 3 (DW)

Ex-Hurricane Lorenzo Oct 2 to 4 North America, Azores, Ireland, UK

Economic: >367 (Scientific American)

19 (NOAA)

Sunshine Coast Hailstorm Nov 17 Australia Insured: 112 (ICA) Unknown



Mediterranean Episode Nov 21-24 France, Italy Unknown Unknown

Elsa-Fabien Dec 10 to 22 Spain, Portugal, France Insured: 149 (Provisional Estimate – still under investigation) (PERILS)

8 (euronews)

Blizzard/Cold Front


Europe Winter Weather Jan 1 to 15 Northern Europe, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Eastern Europe

Insured: 150 (Willis Re) >25 (The Weather

Channel)

U.S. Winter Storm Jan 5 to 6 Northwestern U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Winter Weather Jan 16 to 18 California, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Winter Storm Jan 20 to 23 Northeastern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Winter Storm Jan 29 to Feb 1

Midwest & Northeastern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Winter Storm Mar 12 to 17 Midwest U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) 1 (PCS)

Severe Thunderstorm (Tornado/Hail/Straight Wind)


U.S. Severe Weather Feb 1 to 3 California, U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Feb 23 to 26 Midwest & Northeastern U.S.

Insured: <1,000 (PCS) 2 (NOAA)

U.S. Severe Weather Feb 26 to 28 California, U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Mar 3 to 4 Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) 23 (PCS)

U.S. Severe Weather Mar 23 to 25 Southern U.S. Insured: >1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Mar 26 to 27 Florida, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Apr 5 to 7 Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Apr 12 to 15 Midwest & Southeast U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) 3 (PCS)

U.S. Severe Weather Apr 17 to 20 Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) 2 (PCS)

U.S. Severe Storm Apr 23 to 25 Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Apr 30 to May 2 Midwest & Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather May 7 to 10 Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather May 13 North Carolina, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather May 16 to 17 Midwest U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather May 17 to 18 Texas, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather May 20 to 22 Midwest & Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather May 24 to 25 Southern U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) 2 (PCS)

U.S. Severe Weather May 26 to 29 All regions U.S. Insured: >1,000 (PCS) 1 (PCS)

Thunderstorm/Tornado Netherlands and Germany

Jun 4 to 5 Netherlands and Germany Insured: >10 (Dutch Association of Insurers)

Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jun 4 to 6 Midwest U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown



U.S. Severe Weather Jun 9 to 10 Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

European Hail (Storm Jörn)

Jun 10 to 13 Germany, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic

Insured: 830 (Munich Re) Economic: 1.1bn (Munich Re)

Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather June 15 to 16 Indiana, U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather June 16 to 17 Texas, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jun 23 to 24 Texas, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jun 29 to 30 Illinois, U.S. & New York State, U.S.

Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jul 4 to 5 Colorado, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jul 7 to 8 Southern U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jul 17 to 18 Minnesota & Wyoming, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jul 19 to 23 Northeast & Midwest U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Jul 26 to 27 Minnesota, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

Severe Weather/Hail Europe and North Africa

Jul 25 to 29 Morocco, Spain, Italy, Austria, Balkans, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland

Insured: Unknown >19

(Salzburger Nachrichten)

U.S. Severe Weather Aug 4 to 5 Minnesota & Wisconsin, U.S.

Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Aug 6 to 6 North & South Dakota, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Aug 10 to 11 Montana, U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Aug 14 to 18 Midwest U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Aug 25 to 26 Midwest & South U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Sep 10 to 11 Midwest U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Sep 27 to 28 Midwest U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Oct 16 to 17 Northeast U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Oct 20 to 21 Southern U.S. Insured: >1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Oct 26 to 27 California, U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Oct 31 to Nov 1 Northeast & South U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Nov 19 to 21 Arizona, U.S. Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Nov 26 to 28 Midwest U.S. Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

U.S. Severe Weather Nov 26 to 29 California, U.S. Insured: Unknown Unknown

Tropical Cyclone – Atlantic Ocean

Name Date Location Category* Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Hurricane Barry Jul 10 to 18 Southern & Midwest U.S. Category 1 on landfall


Hurricane Dorian Aug 26 to Sep 7

Eastern and Central Caribbean, Northern Bahamas, USA and Canada

Category 1 on landfall in U.S. & category 5 on landfall in Bahamas

Insured:

4000 – 8500 (RMS US)

1500 – 3000 (AIR US)

Economic: 3500 – 6500 (Moody’s Analytics)

~70 (IMC)



Tropical Storm Imelda

Sep 16 to 21 Southern U.S. TS Insured: <1,000 (PCS) 5 (NOAA)

Hurricane Humberto

Sep 19 to 20 Bermuda 3 Insured: <100 (EQECAT) 2 (Relief

Web)

Tropical Storm Nestor

Oct 18 to 20 Southern U.S. TS Insured: <100 (PCS) Unknown

Tropical Storm Olga

Oct 25 to 26 Southern U.S. TS Insured: <1,000 (PCS) Unknown

*Saffir-Simpson Hurricane scale


Tropical Cyclone – Northwestern Pacific

Name Date Location Landfall

Category* Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Pabuk Jan 4 Thailand Tropical Storm Economic: 166 (UNISDR) 8 (The Thaiger, Oriental Daily)

Wutip Feb 23 Guam/ Micronesia

No landfall Economic: 3.3 (Pacific Daily News, FSM) 0

Lili May 8 Indonesia Tropical Storm Unknown 0

Sepat Jun 27 Japan Tropical Storm Unknown 0

Mun Jul 4 Vietnam Tropical Storm Economic: 0.24 (vietnamplus.vn) 2 (reliefweb.int)

Danas Jul 20 Japan Tropical Storm Unknown Unknown

Nari Jul 27 Japan Tropical Storm Unknown Unknown

Wipha Aug 3 China Tropical Storm Economic: 24 (CMA) Unknown

Francisco Aug 6 Japan 1

Insured:

40 - 88 (RMS)

56 - 190 (AIR)

Unknown

Lekima Aug 9 China 3 Insured: 853 (AIR)

Economic: 10,000 (EM-DAT) 72 (EM-DAT)

Krosa Aug 15 Japan Severe Tropical Storm Unknown Unknown

Bailu Aug 26 Taiwan Tropical Storm Unknown Unknown

Podul Aug 29 Vietnam Tropical Depression Economic: 4.4 (Thailand Ministry of Industry)

Unknown

Tropical Cyclone – Eastern Pacific


Tropical Storm Fernand

Sep 5 to Sep 6 Northern Mexico Tropical Storm Economic: 200 (Scientific American)

1 (Scientific American)

Hurricane Lorena

Sep 19 to Sep 22 Southwestern Mexico 1 Economic: Low (Relief Web) Unknown

Tropical Storm Narda

Sep 29 to Oct 1 Western Mexico Tropical Storm Economic: Low 2 (Relief

Web)


Name Date Location Landfall Category*

Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Kajiki Sep 3 Vietnam Tropical Depression Unknown Unknown

Faxai Sep 7 Japan 2 Insured:

~7,000 (Swiss Re) 3 (Insider.com)

Lingling Sep 9 South Korea 1 Unknown Unknown

Tapah Sep 21 Japan Tropical Storm Unknown Unknown

Mitag (CN) Oct 1 China 1 Economic: 340 (ZSCZ) Unknown

Mitag (SK) Oct 2 South Korea Tropical Storm Unknown Unknown

Hagibis Oct 13 Japan 2 Insured:

~8,000 (Swiss Re) 85 (NHK)

Neoguri Oct 20 Japan No landfall Insignificant 0

Bualoi Oct 24 Japan No landfall Insignificant 0

Matmo Oct 30 Vietnam Tropical Storm Unknown 0

Halong Nov 6 Japan No landfall Insignificant 0

Nakri Nov 10 Vietnam/Philippines

Tropical Storm Economic: 35 (philstar.com) 6 (VoV, NDRRMC)

Fengshen Nov 16 Japan No landfall Insignificant 0

Kalmaegi Nov 20 Philippines 1 Unknown Unknown

Fung-Wong Nov 21 Taiwan Tropical Storm Unknown Unknown

Kammuri Dec 2 Philippines 3 Economic: 116 (NDRRMC) >12 (NDRRMC)

Phanfone Dec 24 Philippines 2 Economic: 67 (NDRRMC) 50 (NDRRMC)


Tropical Cyclone – Indian Ocean


Tropical Cyclone Idai

Mar 4 to 21 Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Zimbabwe

3 (NASA) Economic: 2,000 (Swiss Re)

Insured: 140 (Swiss Re)

1,013 (Munich Re)

Cyclone Kenneth

Apr 21 to 29

Seychelles, Comoros, Mayotte, Northern Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi

4 (NHC) Economic: 104 (OCHA) >42 (OCHA)

Cyclone Fani May 3 India 3 Insured: 139 (Willis Re)

Economic: 10,000 (Odisha Gov.) 64 (aa)

Vayu Jun 13 India Tropical Depression

Unknown Unknown

Tropical Cyclone Hikaa

Sep 22 to 25 Oman 1 (NASA) Economic: Unknown >6 (The

Times of India)

Super Cyclonic Storm Kyarr

Oct 24 to Nov 3 India, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Socotra, Somalia, Pakistan

4 (Scientific American)

Economic: Unknown 1 (Khaleej

Times)



Flood


Argentina, Uruguay

Floods Jan 1 to Jan 20

Argentina, Uruguay,

Paraguay, and Brazil Economic: Low (Relief Web) 4 (Floodlist)

Sulawesi Floods Jan 22 Indonesia Economic: 66 (BNPB) >68

(Revolvy.com)

Davao Floods Jan 26 Philippines Unknown Unknown

Chile Floods Feb 1 to Feb 10 Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, and Antofagasta Regions

Economic: Not Significant 6 (Floodlist)

Townsville Flooding Feb 7 Australia Insured: 879 (ICA)

Economic: 1,900 (Munich Re)

5 (ABC, SBS News)

Colombia Floods Feb 22 Chocó Department Unknown Unknown

March Indonesia Floods

Mar 6 Indonesia Unknown Unknown

Brazil Floods March 10 to March 12 Greater Sao Paulo Economic: Not Significant 12 (Floodlist)

Yogyakarta Floods Mar 15 Indonesia Unknown Unknown

South America Floods March 15 to April 05 Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador

Economic: Low (Relief Web) 5 (Relief Web)

Papua Floods Mar 16 Indonesia Economic: 47 (BNPB) >49 (CNN)

West Coast Wind & Flooding

Mar 26 New Zealand Insured: 2.63 (INCZ) 1

(Floodlist.com)

Brazil Floods April 8 to April 9 Rio de Janeiro Economic: Not Significant 10 (Floodlist)

April Indonesia Floods Apr 26 Indonesia Unknown Unknown

Bengkulu Floods Apr 27 Indonesia Economic: 14 (BNPB) Unknown

Sumatra Flash Floods May 3 Indonesia Unknown Unknown

China Floods May 16 South China Economic: 299 (NDRCC) Unknown

Paraguay Floods March 15 to May 20 Paraguay Economic: Low (Relief Web) 16 (UNICEF)

Storm Axel May 20 Germany, Poland Economic: Unknown Unknown

Mexico Floods June 2 San Gabriel in Jalisco Economic: Not Significant 5 (Floodlist)

Sarawak Floods Jun 2 Malaysia Unknown Unknown

Haiti Floods June 3 to June 6 Ouest Department Unknown ~4 (Floodlist)

China Floods Jun 6 South and Central China Economic: 1,015 (NDRCC) Unknown


Bulbul Nov 9 India 2 Economic: 3,354 (indiatoday.in, theindependentbd.com)

Unknown

Cyclone Belna Dec 9 to 11 Somalia, Madagascar 3 (NHC) Economic: Unknown 9 (AP News)



Samarinda Floods Jun 9 Indonesia Unknown Unknown

China Floods Jun 20 South China Economic: 919 (NDRCC) Unknown

China Floods Jul 3 South China Economic: 425 (NDRCC) Unknown

China Floods Jul 5 South China Economic: 1,671 (NDRCC) Unknown

Kyushu Floods Jul 5 Japan, Kyushu Unknown Unknown

China Floods Jul 12 South China Economic: 1,125 (NDRCC) Unknown

Brazil Floods June 13 Pernambuco State Economic: Not Significant 7 (Floodlist)

Uruguay Floods June 15 to June 16 Northern and Central Uruguay

Unknown Unknown

India Floods Jul - Oct India Insured: 70 (Willis Re) >1,650 (NDTV)

Western Thanh Hoa Floods

Aug 2 Vietnam Unknown 17

(Revolvy.com)

China Floods Aug 5 South-West China Economic: 199 (NDRCC) Unknown

Lam Dong Floods Aug 8 Vietnam Economic: 43 (vnexpress.net) 6

(vnexpress.net)

Guatemala Floods Oct 1 to Oct 31 Guatemala Economic: Not Significant 12 (CONRED)

Colombia Floods Oct 27 to Nov 17 Colombia Economic: Low (Relief Web) 20 (Floodlist)

Mexico Floods Oct 27 to Nov 29 Northern Mexico Economic: Not Significant 1 (Floodlist)

Pakistan Flash Floods & Landslide

Mar 1 to 13 Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran Economic: Unknown ~130 (Munich

Re)

Southern Africa Flood Mar 6 to 10 Mozambique and Malawi Economic: Unknown >40 (OCHA)

Iran Flood Mar 17 to Apr 9 Iran – Sistan, Baluchistan

Insured: >15 agricultural (Agro Insurance)

Economic: 4,100 (OCHA)

2,500 (Munich Re)

>78 (OCHA)

Durban Easter Floods Apr 18 to 22 Durban, South Africa

Economic: 45 (Disaster Management Centre)

75 (Kwazulu-Natal Government)

>85 (Kwazulu-Natal

Government)

Afghanistan May 23 to 25 Afghanistan Economic: Unknown >24 (NDMA)

Libya Floods May 28 to Jun 7 South West Libya Economic: 7.1 (emdat) 4 (EM-DAT)

Pakistan Monsoon Floods

Jul to Aug Northern Pakistan Economic: Unknown 225 (NDMA)

Sudan Flood Aug to Sep Sudan Economic: Unknown >78 (OCHA)

Niger Flood Sep Niger Economic: Unknown 57 (OCHA)

Spain Floods Sep 11 to 14 Valencia, Spain

Insured: >317 (CCS and Agroseguro)

Economic: >1,660 (Local Valencian Government)

>6 (OCHA)

Democratic Republic of the Congo Floods

Oct to present Democratic Republic of the Congo

Economic: Unknown >41 (ECHO)

East Africa Floods Oct to Nov

Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

Economic: Unknown >280 (OCHA)

Japan Heavy Rain Oct 25 Japan Insured: 150 (GIAJ, as of Dec 9th) Unknown

UK Flood Nov 7 Northern England Insured: 100 - 155 (PWC) 1 (Met Office)



Italy and Venice Severe Weather and Floods

Nov 10 to 12 Venice and North East Italy

Economic: >1,000 (Venice Local Government)

2 (ECHO)

Italy, France, Greece Flood

Nov 24 France, Italy, Greece Economic: Unknown >9 (ERCC)

South Africa Floods Dec 9 to present Johannesburg, South Africa Economic: Unknown Unknown

Southern England Floods

Dec 18 to 22 Southern England Economic: Unknown Unknown

Earthquake

Name Local Time Location Magnitude (Mw) Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Jan 8 21:39 Japan, 16 km SSE of

Nishinoomote 6.3 Unknown Unknown

Jan 20 01:32 10 km SSW of Coquimbo, Chile

6.7 Economic: 48% probability of losses between 10-100 (USGS)

2 (BBC News)

Feb 22 10:17 111 km ESE of Palora, Ecuador


Unknown

May 12 19:24 10 km N of Canoas, Costa Rica


Unknown

May 26 07:41 78 km SE of Lagunas, Peru


1 (CNN)

Apr 8 23:06 Philippines, 40 km N of Santa Monica

6.0 Unknown Unknown

Apr 12 19:40 Indonesia, 98 km SSW of Luwuk

6.8 Unknown Unknown

Apr 18 13:01 Taiwan, 8 km NE of Hualian

6.1 Unknown Unknown

Apr 22 17:11 Philippines, 3 km SSW of Floridablanca

6.1 Economic: 10.6 (NDRRMC) 18

(NDRRMC)

Apr 23 13:37 Philippines, 17 km ESE of Tutubigan

6.4 Unknown Unknown

Jun 9 08:48 Japan, 42 km ESE of Miyazaki-shi

6.2 Unknown Unknown

Jun 17 22:55 China, 19 km S of Changning

5.8 Economic: 1,300 (EM-DAT) 13 (EM-DAT)

Jun 18 22:22 Japan, Yamagata, 31 km WSW of Tsuruoka

6.4 Insured: 11 – 75 (AIR) 0

Jun 26 05:23 5 km ESE of Aserrio de Gariche, Panama


Unknown

Jul 4

Jul 6 10:33

18.2 km NE of Ridgecrest, California, U.S.

7.1

Insured: <100 (PCS)

Economic: 35% probability of losses between 10-100 (USGS)

Unknown

Jul 14 13:39 Australia, 200 km W of Broome

6.6 Unknown Unknown


Name Local Time Location Magnitude (Mw) Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Jul 14 18:10 Indonesia, 93 km NNE of Laiwui

7.2 Economic: 6 (BNPB) 6 (BNPB)

Jul 19 12:13 Attica, Greece 5.3 Economic: Not Significant Unknown

Jul 27 04:16 Philippines, 21 km N of Itbayat (Batanes)

5.9 Economic: 5.2 (NDRRMC) 9

(Inquirer.net)

Aug 2 19:03 Indonesia, 106 km WSW of Tugu Hilir

6.9 Unknown 8 (BNPB)

Aug 4 19:23 Japan, 61 km ENE of Namie

6.3 Unknown Unknown

Sep 24 16:02 New Mirpur, Pakistan 5.4 Economic: 100-1,000 (with 34% probability, USGS)

38 (AJ&K)

Sep 26 12:59 Marmara Region, Turkey

5.7 Economic: Not Significant Unknown

Sep 26 7:46 Indonesia, Ambon 6.5 Unknown 41 (BNPB)

Sep 29 10:02 Philippines, 84 km SSE of Pondaguitan

6.2 Unknown Unknown

Oct 16,

Oct 29,

Oct 31,

Dec 15

19:37, 09:04,

09:11,

14:11

Philippines, Mindanao earthquake sequence

6.4,

6.6,

6.5,

6.8

Unknown 40

(Revolvy.com)

Oct 25 08:46 Indonesia, 11 km S of Kairatu

6.5 Unknown Unknown

Nov 4 21:53 30 km SW of Illapel, Chile


Unknown

Nov 7 02:17 Iran 5.9 Economic: 10-100 (with 51% probability, USGS)

6 (ERCC)

Nov 11 11:52 Ardèche, France 4.8 Economic: Not Significant Unknown

Nov 20 06:50 Laos, 32 km ESE of Chaloem Phra Kiat (Thailand)

6.2 Unknown Unknown

Nov 26 03:54 Mamurras, Albania 6.4 Economic: >100 (USGS) 51

(Copernicus)

Nov 26 10:19 16 km SE of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

5.4 Economic: <18 (USGS) Unknown

Nov 27 09:23 Crete, Greece 6.0 Economic: Unknown Unknown

Dec 15 14:11 Philippines, 6 km S of Magsaysay

6.8 Unknown Unknown

Dec 24 19:03 3 km SW of Lejanias, Colombia


0 (GDACS)


Landslide

Name Date Cause Location Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Peru Landslide Jan 27 Very heavy rain Apurimac Region of Peru

Economic: Not significant 15 (BBC News)

Bolivia Landslide Feb 2 to Feb 5

Very heavy rain La Paz Economic: Not significant 16 (Relief Web)

Peru Landslide Feb 7 Very heavy rain Arequipa, Ancash, Loreto, Tacna, and Moquegua

Economic: Not significant 39 (Relief Web)

Colombia Landslide April 21 Very heavy rain Barbacoas Municipality in Nariño Department

Economic: Not significant 17 (Relief Web)

Wildfire

Name Date Location Acres

Burnt Losses (USD millions) Fatalities

Amazon Wildfire Jan 1 to Aug 31

Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru

~4 million (National Geographic)

Millions (Relief Web) 2 (Relief Web)

Tasman District Fires Feb 5 New Zealand Unknown Insured: 2.56 (ICNZ) Unknown

France Wildfires Feb 22 to 25 Corsica, France 3,800 (ERCC)

Economic: Not Significant Unknown

Bunyip Bushfires Mar 8 Australia Unknown Insured: 21.58 (ICA) Unknown

Spain Wildfires Jun 28 to Jul 2

Catalonia and Madrid, Spain

13,000 (ERCC)


Spain Wildfires Aug 17 to 20 Gran Canaria, Spain >25,000 (ERCC)


CAT195 Australian Bushfire Season

Sep – present (ongoing)

Australia 8 million hectares

Ongoing event

Insured: 910 (ICA, as at 14/01/2020)

Unknown

Saddleridge Fire Oct 10 to 23 San Fernando Valley, California

>8,000 (RMS)

Insured: < 1,000 (PCS) Unknown

Lebanon Wildfires Oct 13 to16 Lebanon 3200-3700 (University of Balamand)

Economic: Unknown 1 (ERCC)

Kincade Fire Oct 23 to Nov 6

Sonoma County, California

>77,000 (RMS)



Abbreviations

Symbols

BL Blizzard

HU Hurricane

ST Severe Thunderstorm

DR Drought

LS Landslide

TS Tsunami

EQ Earthquake

ME Meteoroid

VE Volcanic Eruption

EX Explosion

StS Storm Surge

WF Wildfire

FL Flood TC Tropical Cyclone WS Windstorm

HL Hail TO Tornado

STS Severe Tropical Storm

Sources

AA (https://www.aa.com.tr/), ABC (https://www.abc.net.au/news), ABI (Association of British Insurers, abi.org.uk), AEMET (State Meteorological Agency, aemet.es), AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, afad.gov.tr), Agro Insurance (agroinsurance.com), AIR (AIR Worldwide: air-worldwide.com), Albania Gov (Deputy Minister of Interior Rovena Voda), AP News (apnews.com), Artemis (artemis.bm), Azores Regional Government (azores.gov.pt), BBC News (bbc.co.uk/news), BNPB (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana), BoM (Australia Government - Bureau of Meteorology), Cal Fire (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, fire.ca.gov), CCS (Consorcio de Compensación de Seguros, consorseguros.es), CEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, ceh.ac.uk), Chilean Government (referenced by Business Insurance: businessinsurance.com), CMA (China Meteorological Administration), CONRED (National Coordination for Disaster Reduction of Guatemala: conred.gob.gt/site/index.php), Copernicus (copernicus.eu), CoreLogic (corelogic.com), CNN (edition.cnn.com), Dartmouth Flood Observatory (floodobservatory.colorado.edu), Deutsche Bahn (bahn.de), Digital Typhoon (agora, Dutch Association of Insurers (verzekeraars.nl/dutch-association-of-insurers), DW (dw.com), DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst, dwd.de), Earth Observatory (earthobservatory.nasa.gov), EEA (European Environment Agency, eea.europa.eu), EM-DAT (The International Disaster Database, emdat.be), EPA (European Passport Agency), EQECAT (corelogic.com/solutions/catastrophe-risk-management.aspx), ERCC (European Commission, ec.europa.eu/echo), ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, ESWD (European Severe Weather Database, eswd.eu), Euronews (euronews.com), Firstpost (https://www.firstpost.com/), FloodList (floodlist.com), France 24 (france24.com), FSM (Federated States of Micronesia), FU Berlin (geo.fu-berlin.de/met), GDACS (Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System: gdacs.org), GDV (German Insurance Association, gdv.de), GEOGLAM Crop Monitor (cropmonitor.org), GeoMAC (geomac.gov), GIAJ (General Insurance Association of Japan), GoAFK (ajk.gov.pk), ICA (insurance Council of Australia), ICNZ (Insurance Council of New Zealand), IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, ifrc.org), IMC (International Medical Corps: internationalmedicalcorps.org/), India Today (https://www.indiatoday.in), Inquirer.net (https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/), IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ipcc.ch), IPMA (Instituto Português do Mar e da Amosfera, ipma.pt), JBA (jbarisk.com), JMA (Japan Meteorology Ageny), Khaleej Times (khaleejtimes.com), merkur (merkur.de), Met Éireann (met.ie), meteoschweiz (meteoschweiz.admin.ch), Met Office (metoffice.gov.uk), Météo-France (meteofrance.com), Meteoweb (meteoweb.eu), Moodys Analytics (moodysanalytics.com), MSK (Meyerthole Siems Kohlruss, aktuare.de), Munich Re (munichre.com), NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, nasa.gov), National Geographic (nationalgeographic.com), National Hurricane Centre (nhc.noaa.gov), NDMA Pakistan (National Disaster Management Authority Pakistan, ndma.gov.pk), NDR (ndr.de), NDRCC (National Disaster Reduction Center China), NDRRMC (National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council), NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/), NHK (English name: Japan Broadcasting Corporation), NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.: nhc.noaa.gov), North American Forest Fire System (fires.globalincidentmap.com), NWS (National Weather Service, weather.gov), ÖBB (Austrian Federal Railways, oebb.at), OCHA (unocha.org), Odisha Government, ORF (orf.at), Oriental Daily (https://www.orientaldaily.com), PCS (Property Claim Services, verisk.com/property-claim-services), PDMA (Provincial Disaster Management Authority, pdma.gov.pk), PERILS (Perils.org), philstar (https://www.philstar.com/), Province of Kwazulu-Natal Government (kzncogta.gov.za), PwC (pwc.co.uk), Regional Civil Protection and Fire Service of the Azores (azores.gov.pt), Relief Web (reliefweb.int), Reuters (reuters.com), Revolvy (https://www.revolvy.com/ ), RMS (Risk Management Solutions: rms.com), RMS Owl Application, Salzburger Nachrichten (sn.at), SBS (https://www.sbs.com.au/news), Scientific American (scientificamerican.com), SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, smhi.se), SPC (NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, spc.noaa.gov), Swiss Re (swissre.com), The Thaiger (https://thethaiger.com/), Thailand Ministry of Industry, The Guardian (theguardian.com), The Independent bd (http://www.theindependentbd.com), The local IT (thelocal.it), The Mainichi (https://mainichi.jp/), The Times of Oman (timesofoman.com), The Times of India (timesofindia.indiatimes.com), The Weather Channel (weather.com), UNICEF (unicef.org.uk/), UNISDR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction), University of Balamand (balamand.edu.lb), USAID (US Agency for International Development: usaid.gov), USGS (United States Geological Survey: usgs.gov), Venetian Government, Valencian Government, vietnamplus (https://en.vietnamplus.vn/), vnexpress (https://vnexpress.net), VoV (Voice of Vietnam, https://english.vov.vn/), Weather Underground (wunderground.com), Weeronline (weeronline.nl), Willis Re, Willis SpatialKey Application, Wind-Jeannie (wind-jeannie.org/), ZAMG (Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics, zamg.ac.at)

https://www.abc.net.au/news

https://www.firstpost.com/

https://www.indiatoday.in/

https://www.ndtv.com/

https://www.philstar.com/

https://www.revolvy.com/

https://www.sbs.com.au/news

https://thethaiger.com/

http://www.theindependentbd.com/

https://en.vietnamplus.vn/

https://vnexpress.net/

https://english.vov.vn/


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