summer school of architecture as a revitalization model of cultural_eng
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
1/30
Summer School of Architecture as a
RevitalizationModel
of
Cultural
and
HistoricalHeritage
JelicaJovanovi,graduatedeng.ofArchitecture
Summary:
On assumption that the projects for the protection and revitalization ofculturalheritagedue to their complexityandgradual implementationare
difficulttofinance,theworkanalyzestheoptionsforalessexpensive,more
dynamicandfasterrealizationoftheseprojectsinSerbia. Shortprograms,
such as the current projects of summer schools of architecture in the
region,offeratypeoflongtermcosteffectivesolutions;inadditiontothe
potential work on the monument sanation and research as visible
interventions, they communicate with a multiple public and users, and
complement effectively the work of competent authorities. In using theobjectives, ideasandexperiencesoftheSummerSchoolofArchitecture in
Ba, the paper discusses how the efficiency of these programs can be
increased, as well as how to form effective partnerships through which
longtermsustainabilitycanbeachievedintheprojectsforculturalheritage
preservation.
Key words: cultural heritage, building heritage, financing, intersectorcooperation,nonformaleducation,sustainability
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
2/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
2
Introduction
In the difficult conditions of financing projects for cultural heritagepreservation,whicharerealized intheRepublicofSerbiamainlythanksto
governmentfunds(RS,Informatororaduministarstvakulture,informisanja
macionogdrutva,2011)(RS,Rezultatikonkursazasufinansiranjeprojekata
izoblastikulturnognasleaza2011,2010) (RS,ZakonoKulturi2009) (RS,
Zakonokulturnimdobrima,1994),itisnecessarytodesignnewmodelsfor
revitalizingheritage, aswell asnewwaysofpopularizingprojects for the
revitalizationofheritage.Theframeworkofthisprocess,inaccordancewith
contemporaryinternationalchartersthathavebeenratifiedbytheRepublicofSerbia,shouldbe longtermsustainabilityof the realizedprojects.Such
results are achieved by an active exchange of ideas, knowledge and
experiencesbetweentheprofessionalandlocalcommunities,aswellasby
theactiveparticipationofthelocalpopulationintherevitalizationproject.
When the projects for building and cultural heritage protection are in
questioninthebroadestsense,itcanbenoticedthat,inthecaseofSerbia
and other countries of the region, these projects very often imply the
design of classic project documentation for specific phases: research,
reconstruction,buildingconservationetc(Vuenovi,2004).Sincethereare
not enough funds for the ancillary activities promotion, popularization,
andeducationtheseactivitiesareoftenabsentandarenotrealized.The
result of such decisions is that the public experiences the projects for
culturalheritageprotectionasanusurpationbyclosedprofessionalgroups
ofpublicand/orprivateproperty;asanendlessworkandexpenditure,and
as nontransparent (even conspiratorial) feats for spending (wasting)
budgetfunds.
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
3/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
3
Themostcommonorderofevents is thatprotectedobjectsare repaired,
conserved and returned toowner/local community for theiruse,without
developinganyprogramsortrainingtheworkforcethatcouldmanageand
organize suchprograms. In Serbia,as inmost countries in the region,no
adequateplansorprogramsaredesigned for themaintenanceofcultural
monuments (CHwB & EXPEDITIO, 2008), which inexorably leads to new,
often even faster degradation of a repaired monument of culture.
Therefore, the argument about wasting funds is legitimate in a way,
becausethereisnoplanningevenfortheshorttermsustainabilityofthese
projects.Greatomissions are alsomade in thepreservation of intangible
heritage tradition of local population, customs, costumes, holidays,
cuisineswhich results in the lossofpreciousknowledgeand foundation
forcreatingandrealizingsuccessfulactionsfortherevitalizationofmaterial
heritage,i.e.,builtheritage.Itcaneasilybeconcludedthattheproblemlies
in the insufficient inclusion of the community in the process of heritage
revitalization.AnumberofEuropeanandUNconventionsrecommendthat
all the stakeholders on the field must be involved through different
activities depending on the possibilities; otherwise all these projects are
destinedlongtermforruin.
Considering the abovementioned, this paper shall analyze the form of
specializedsummerschools(workshopsandcamps)asoneofthepossible
ways of revitalizing cultural heritage, primarily built heritage. By
demonstratingtheobjectivesandworkmethodologyoftheSummerSchool
ofArchitecture inBa,and comparing it toother similarprograms in the
countriesof the region, thepossibilities shallbeanalyzed forovercoming
the visible weaknesses in the process of heritage protection and
revitalization,aswellastheirfurtherimprovement. LocationFortressBa
and its suburbium in which the school was organized is a cultural and
historical spatial units of great importance with a preserved active
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
4/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
4
community; thereby, it is a socalled living monumentof culture. In the
surroundingsof theFortress, therearenumerousmaterial remnants that
arealsoundersomeformofprotection,andnaturalresourcethattogetherwith the Fortress make one cultural landscape recognized by UNESCO,
whichhasplaced the townBa with itssurroundingsona tentative listof
world heritage in April 2010. On this site, the Summer School of
Architecturewasheldin2010.
Conceptualandlegislativeframework:Integrativevalorizationand
protectionofculturalheritageprioritiesandrolesoftheprotagonists
According to thechartersprescribedby theEuropeanUnion, theheritage
on theEuroMediterranean territoryshouldbe treated insuchaway that
its EuroMediterranean dimension is highlighted, and one integral Euro
Mediterranean identity isdeveloped in addition to the local andnational
identities. This identity is considered as the main startingpoint for the
development of the European Union and the candidatestates, by the
objectives set inaccordancewith theEuropeanperspectiveof sustainable
development (EXPEDITIO, 2005). Natural and cultural heritage, in thatcontext, is considered as one of the potentials for developing states and
local communities; it is approached as a factor of identity, human
environmentandeconomic factor thatcontributes to thedevelopmentof
communitiesandregions.
In accordance with the idea of a EuroMediterranean identity that
embodiesanumberofindividualidentities,theEuropeanCommissiongives
anumberof recommendations regardingheritagepreservation.They can
roughlybedivided into three groups: the legal framework and sanctions,
thenparticipationandassociations,andfinally,informingandtraining(EU,
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
5/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
5
2005). European policies on heritage preservation should be harmonized
and integrated, in order to avoid dramatic differences among individual
countriesandregionsofEurope.However,theremustbenounificationof
identities;theirvarietyanddiversity,infact,isthemostpreciousfeatureof
Europeasazone.SpeakingofSerbia, it is important tomentionwhichof
theserecommendations itispossibletorealizeinarelativelyshortperiod,
whichwouldimprovethesituationwithculturalheritageprotectiononthe
field.
Education
The key European documents and charters stress the necessity for
education and training, meaning that they start from childhood and last
throughoutonesentire life (conceptof lifelong learning). In the focusof
educational programs is the quality of built environment and heritage
preservation, for which the interest of the entire public should be
increased, primarily the socalled unskilled public. Such an approach is
considered a necessary base on which every further concept of heritage
preservationisfoundedthecitizenspossessanawarenessandknowledge
thatheritage isapublicgood,andtherebyacceptandsupport(evencarry
out)projectsfortherevitalizationofheritage.Itisnecessarytodesignand
carry out creative workshops with children starting from their preschool
age; to organize their visits to museums and exhibitions which is a
practicethatnoonecansayisaregularoneinSerbianschools.Educational
television programs that could familiarize the wider population with the
(inaccessible) heritage are presented in a very outdated manner and at
inadequate time slots, when they are not easily available to thepublic
laterintheeveningoraftermidnight(accordingtotheprogramscheduleof
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
6/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
6
thenational television);andtheprogramsareuncritically takenoverfrom
foreignproductions,whilelocalandregionalproductionismissing.
Speakingofexperts,apart fromstudiesandspecializations, it isnecessary
to maintain the option of certification and additional intersector and
interdisciplinary qualifications through courses, schools, workshops and
trainings. According to current laws and regular practices in Serbia, it is
possibletogetformaleducationonlyinappropriateeducationalinstitutions
elementary and secondary schools, craftsmanship, higher schools,
faculties.Nonformalandinformallearningdoexistasoptionsandforyears
have been part of the practice, mostly thanks to educational centers,workshops and programs organized by the civil sector. A practice has
alreadybeenestablishedthatwhenwritingaCVoneshouldincludeallthe
programsofnonformallearning;alltheskillsandknowledgeonepossesses
which could help with their professional and expert engagement. These
programscannotbeevaluatedadequatelyaccordingtocurrentregulations
(winning credits from professional chambers and agencies, obtaining
licensesetc.),because theRepublicofSerbiarecognizesonly formal types
of education and is lagging with the implementation of the Strategy forAdult Education, which temporarily covers this segment of vocational
training (WAVE, 2009) (RS, Strategija razvoja obrazovanja odraslih u
RepubliciSrbiji,2006). Inotherwords,thisformofpersonal improvement,
selfimprovement, is discouraged among experts and individuals must
relyontheirownconscience,enthusiasmandorganizationalskillsregarding
thetimeandmeansnecessaryforthiskindofprofessionaldevelopment.
Multisector cooperation: financing,popularization,documenting,
andimplementationofprojects
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
7/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
7
... Recognizing that a cultural environment, like the
naturalone, isan idealareaforpublicparticipation,we
INVITEthegovernment:
a.toinvolvethecitizensandcommunities,togetherwith
professionals, in the process of recognizing and
protectingculturalheritage;
b. to establish legal, financial and professionalframeworks necessary for a harmonized action of
experts,owners,investors,contractorsandcivilsociety;c. to develop the concept of common responsibility,
including the dimension of heritage in economic, social
and educational strategies, for easier sustainable
managementoftheenvironment.
d.togivesupporttothe:
market to finance heritage and to invest in its less
profitableaspects,
civil society so it takes over an important role in the
extended field of heritage as people today experience
it..., by using adequatemeasures and incentives, given
thatthestatefundsarelimited,,(EU,2001).
Theparticipationofthenongovernmental(civil)sector(RS,ZakonoKulturi,
2009),aswellas theprivate sector isnotentirelydefinedby the current
Law on Cultural Property of the Republic of Serbia, which assumes the
absolute advantage of the state and government institutions over these
sectors ineveryway.The statedResolutionNo.1on theRoleofCultural
Heritageand theChallengesofGlobalizationhasnotbeen ratifiedby the
AssemblyoftheRepublicofSerbiaaccordingtoavailableinformationfrom
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
8/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
8
the website of the competent Ministry of Culture, Information and
InformationSociety.Moreover,thecivil, i.e.,nongovernmentalsectorand
associationsareentirelyomittedfromtheregulationsandlawsreferringto
culture and cultural property (they are nowhere to be mentioned), and
thereareloopholesthatallowa looserunderstandingofcertainstatutory
provisions, as well as indirect implementation of other legal acts on this
field of activity. The participation of the nongovernmental sector in the
revitalizationprojectsofculturalheritage isnominallysecured,so there is
nolegalobstacleforcreatinginterdisciplinaryprojects.
Still,thefieldofactivityincultureisindirectlyregulated,bytheLawonCivicAssociations, which by their statutes can define the field and domain of
theiraction,aswellastheirmainactivitythereby,theycandealwiththe
protection of cultural property (the Law on Associations covers a wide
range of associations, which are founded for targeted action, e.g.,
professionalassociations, civicassociationsgatheredaround the targetof
preserving certain ecosystems etc.). Indirectly, through the international
charters that the Republic of Serbia has signed and ratified, freedom of
participation of the nongovernmental (civil) sector isrecommended/guaranteed in the projects of valorization, protection and
revitalization of cultural heritage. Still, in practice, their activities are still
very modest and often the successful projects of the nongovernmental
sectorareexamplesofgoodcommunicationwiththeprojectdevelopersof
heritage protection projects from the public sector that are open for
cooperation.
Initiatives that primarily originate from the nongovernmental sector are
not very welcomed by the competent authorities, and their success is
strictly linked to the capacities of the organization itself. Unfortunately,
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
9/30
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
10/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
10
stronger in all the segments of European societies and entered into
mainstream decisionmaking, even in countries with a short and
undevelopedtraditionofparticipation,suchasSerbia.However,inaddition
to the crucial role thatassociationsof local communitieshavehad in the
realization and formation of cultural services, they have always had very
little input in theadoptionandreformsofculturalpolicies,because these
activities kept being performed by rigid and outdated structures of the
competentculturaladministrations(Ibid).
Practice:relevantexamplesfromtheregion
In the neighboring countries, educational programs for students,
professional public and citizens have been realized for many years now,
with the aim of maintaining community interest in the projects that are
carried out on the monuments of culture. These programs have been
launched after noticing similar problems, which also exist in Serbia:
difficulties in financing, the implementation of laws, absence of support
from citizens and their passiveness, and lack of skilled workforce on alllevels. What these programs are advocating is that through a number of
smaller interventions, it is possible to carry out projects for the
revitalization of cultural heritage; however, many other activities are
performedintheprocess,suchas:trainingfutureexperts,interactionwith
localpopulation,maintainingcontinuityofactivitiesonthefieldetc.Every
program isalso the resultof specificpartnerships formedwith theaimof
realizingprojectactivities,andtheycanserveasamodelforotherprojects
intheregion.
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
11/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
11
Fortified churches Of Transylvania: Dealu Frumos
(Schoenberg),Romania, region Mergeln collaboration between
institutionsofhighereducationandregionalandstaterepresentatives
In the region of south and southeast Transylvania, there are around 150
remaining fortified churches (originally, there were around 300) in the villages
colonizedbytheSaxonartisansduringtheXIIIcentury.Today,sevenTransylvanian
villageswith fortifiedchurchesareon the listofworldheritage (UNESCO,1946).
These cathedrals, churches and basilicas were built in villages belonging to the
princedoms of the time. Being under constant security threats, they were built
aftertheOttomanshavepenetratedintotheareasnorthoftheSavaandDanuberivers.Thesystematicfortificationofthesebuildingsbeganthroughouttheregion
intheXVcentury.
Dealu Frumos (in eng. Nice hill) is a village with one of the best preserved
fortifiedchurches,anditislocatedinthepresentdaycountyofSibiu.Thevillageis
located intheregionwhichhasbeen facingdrasticdepopulation inthepasttwo
decades,andthenumberofbelieversusingthesereligiousobjectshasmanytimes
decreased during the period of the last century: in the parochial books, it was
noted that the Lutheran community in this village had 1204 believers in 1910;
while in 1995, there were only 15 (FORTIFIEDCHURCHES, 2011). In 2003, the
UniversityofArchitectureandUrbanPlanningIonMincu inBucharestwon the
concessiontotherightofuseofthisfortifiedchurchfortheperiodof25years.The
University organizes here workshops, camps and study travels for students and
professionals,withtheaimofobtainingideasforregeneratingthissettlementand
protected urban ambient, i.e., gradually repairing some of the problems, while
educatinginterestedstudentsthroughworkingonthemonumentofcultureitself.
Theannexbuildingswithin thecomplexhavebeenadaptedandmadeintomodest
accommodationcapacities,aswellasaworkspace;andinadditiontoarchitecture
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
12/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
12
and restorationworkshops, inside, arealsoheldworkshops foracting, folklore,
ethnologyetc.
Figure1:Romanian
Spanish restoration
workshop in 2006
(source: Ion Mincu;
University of
Architecture and
Urbanism,2011)
Figure 2: Study visit
of the IAESTE
practitioners
students of
Architecture 2006
(source: private
photo archive,
August2006)
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
13/30
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
14/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
14
will be organized in 2012 are Saving a world heritage site one tower
houseata time Skendulihouse,Gjirokastra,Albaniaand Preservation
SkillsTrainingForLocals.Workshopsaccept50participants,andregarding
studentsandyoungprofessionals,attentionisalwayspaidsothatmembers
from the regional countriesarepresent, since theirworkexperiencesare
similar. So far, in this way, the following cultural monuments have been
reconstructed: Bazaar,ZekateTower,ParkofSevenFountains; roadsand
parts of the artisan quarts have been repaired (The Gjirokastra
ConservationandDevelopmentOrganization,2001); and training for the
localpopulationorganized, sotheycouldmaintaintheirbuildingsaccording
totheprinciplesofculturalmonumentprotection.
Figure 3: Works on
Skendulitower,
source:
(GlobalGiving,2011)
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
15/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
15
Figure 4: Cleaning
the walls, source:
(PVN,2007)
Godinje 2004 architecture workshop, Godinje, Montenegro
collaboration between local citizen associations and expert non
governmentalorganizations
Godinje2004ArchitecturalWorkshop isoneof thepioneerprojectsofvillagearchitecturevalorizationinMontenegro,realizedontheinitiativeof
thelocalpopulationandincooperationwiththecivilsector.VillageGodinje
is located in the southeastern part of Montenegro, on the coast of the
SkadarLakeintheregionoftheCrmnikivineyardarea.Thebuildingswere
built in stone, and in addition to an exceptionally preserved building
environment,thisvillagehasauniquenaturalsurroundingwitharichflora
and faunaand rare species the inhabitantsof theNationalparkSkadar
Lake.
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
16/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
16
Figure 5: Work on the field in
Godinje,source:(EXPEDITIO,2005)
The architectural workshop is one in a number of tested sitespecific
workshopsorganizedby theNGOExpeditio fromKotor(like theworkshop
in Perast, Kotor, Zagora); and it has a target to design adequate
architectural urbandocumentationofruralsettlements.Thisworkshophas
also researched the possibilities for the valorization to be carried out
through the research and documentary type of architectural workshops.
The specialvalueof thisproject is reflected in the fact that the initiative
originated from the local community, from the localswho recognized the
value of the objects in which they live and wanted to organize their
settlementadequately. Fortheneedsofthelocalcommunity,butalsofor
thecompetentinstitutions,terrainrecordingwascarriedouttogetherwith
the making of the photo documentation, technical documentation about
the settlement, GIS database, valorization project and guidelines for the
revitalizationofsettlementsusedbythelocalsduringthereconstructionof
theirbuildings.
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
17/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
17
SummerSchoolofArchitectureinMotovun,Croatiacollaboration
between higher educational institutions and the representatives of the
localgovernmentandeconomy
Summer School of Architecture in Motovun is one of the five summer
schoolsorganizedwithinthegraduatestudiesontheFacultyofArchitecture
atZagrebUniversity(inadditiontotheschoolinMotovun,thereisaschool
ofarchitecturalrecordingandschoolsinBola,UnijaandOrebii;aswellas
great number of schools that are organized by the civil sector and other
public institutions).The schoolhasexisted since1981,and itsobjective is
research,valorizationandcreativeinterpretationofbuildingexperiencesintheregionof Istria.Accordingtotheschoolprogram, thesummerschools
were organized as an elective course within IX semester of the
undergraduatestudiesontheFacultyofArchitectureinZagreb.
Every year, students receive a task dealing with the towns in Istria, in
accordance with the needs of their local governments and communities.
The topics launched in the summer months during terrain work are
completed throughstudyworkduring thewintersemesteron the faculty.
Theaccomplishedschoolshavedealtwithseveralproblemsontheterritory
ofMotovun,Pore,RovinjandMaliBrioni,andthankstotheirpartnership
withlocalartisanworkshopsandenterprises,demonstrationexampleshave
beendesigned, i.e., throughpartnershipswith related faculties fordigital
simulation,studyandresearchregarding theprojectsof townrestoration.
All the resultsobtainedby these summerschoolshavebeenpresented in
regularexhibitionsinMotovunandZagreb.
During the several decades of their work, these summer schools haveequippedtheStudycenterMotovunandmadeitoperational,thankstothe
donation from the Pazin municipality. The municipality has donated the
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
18/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
18
building of the former municipal prison to the Architectural faculty in
Zagreb,whosestafftogetherwiththestudentshasbeenparticipatinginthe
youthworkactionsofrestoringIstriaandMotovunsincethe60softheXX
century. Theschoolhasgained internationalstatus in themideightiesof
theXXcentury,soitreceivedthreemorebuildingsforitsusewhichwere
made operational through regular school activities. Among the most
significant achievements of the school which should be mentioned are
certainlytheresearchworksregardingthechurchcomplexinSt.Peters in
the forestand the restorationof thechurch tower.Then, therewere the
collection of comprehensive documentationon Istria, research works on
the town sewage,project studies regarding the restorationofMotovun
thetowntower(researchofthestateandstabilityofthetowntowerand
town walls), the town communal palace, castellum, upper and lower
square,studentaccommodation,childrensworkshopsetc.
Figure 6: Poster of the Motovun
Summer School, source: (daisai,
2011)
Figure 7: Childrens workshops in
Motovun,source:(daisai,2011)
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
19/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
19
Casestudy:ProjectofSummerSchoolofArchitectureinBa
The ideafororganizingaSummerSchoolofArchitecture inBa originatedduringastudytravelofagroupofstudentsfromtheFacultyofArchitecture
atBelgradeUniversitytotheprojectCenturiesofBa,whichissingledout
asoneoftheexamplesofgoodpracticeinSerbiaregardingpreservationof
cultural heritage. The project Summer School ofArchitecture in Ba, in
2010beganasapartnershipbetweenthe independentprojectLegatioof
the NGO Club of Young Architects and the Fundfor Preserving Cultural
HistoricalHeritageCenturiesofBa,asthemainprojectdevelopers;and
the support of partners from the public, civil and private sector on therepublic and province level (Legatio, 2010). Therefore, professional civil
society organizations were the main project developers. For effective
realization,thefollowingwereincluded:
1. public sector: The Faculty of Architecture at Belgrade University,Institute for Architecture and Urban Planning in Serbia, The
Provincial Bureau for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, The
MinistryofScienceandTechnologicalDevelopmentoftheRepublic
ofSerbia,TheFacultyofTechnologyatNoviSadUniversity,Agency
for Energy Efficiency of the Republic of Serbia, Youth Home in
Belgrade.;
2. civilsector:NGOKua uvarkua,KCRex;3. companies:PotisjeKanjiaandKnaufInsulation;4. EmbassyoftheRepublicofHungaryandtheAustrianCulturalForum
inSerbia.
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
20/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
20
Fieldworkdatacollection,interviews,analyses
Asthe locationforthefirstschool,theBa Fortresssuburbiumseemedtobealogicalchoice.Aspatialculturalhistoricalambientthatisprotectedas
aculturalpropertyofgreatsignificancethereby,ithasthehighestlevelof
protectionaccordingtocurrentlaw.Thelocationwaschoseninaccordance
withthe initial ideasandbeliefsoftheteamofauthors:theschoolshould
dealwith realisticproblems in real spaceand time; theproblemson site
shouldbeapproachedinaparticipativeway,withcompleteappreciationof
ideasandinstructionsofthecompetentbureausteamfortheprotectionof
cultural monuments; and finally, to consider the possibility of futureimplementationofsolutionsfoundduringtheworkshops.Theparticipants
of the schoolwereasked for solutions thatare feasibleanddemand low
end investments;sotheyhadatasktoanalyzeeachproblemonall levels:
macro micro location, strategy planning implementation, users
experts management. Lecturers and leaders of the workshops had to
design project tasks based on their experiences so that they could be
realized,andtomanagetheworkshops insuchawaythattheparticipants
wouldnotgetafalseimageoftheimplementationofaprojectintoreality.The idea is that the participants gain basic knowledge about how one
should react in certain situations in the field; how to approach these
situations and resolve problems, so that the longterm sustainability is
achieved.
After taking intoconsideration the formatof theSummerschool,and the
fact thateach topiccanbedealtwithonaverage inoneday, the teamof
authors began with the preparations for the school: collecting
documentation,visiting the terrain inorder todetectall the stakeholders
andpollthem,realizingtheprogramofpeereducationincooperationwith
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
21/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
21
theFacultyofArchitectureatBelgradeUniversity.Simultaneously,withthe
preparations ran the activities of project promotion, through the action
titled Warming up, which consisted of lectures, workshops and
exhibitions in which the problems of preserving cultural heritage were
discussedfromdifferentaspects.
Projecttaskformulation,workcourse,realization,possibilitiesof
implementation
Astheresultofpreparationwork,basedontheanalysesofthesituationon
the terrain, the schools work program was formulated, with individual
projecttaskstargetingtheproblemsobservedontheterrain.Toapproach
the process as efficiently as possible, the participants had a number of
lecturesonBa andtheambienttreatedintheschool,aswellasthespecific
location characteristics: typology of housing, history of colonization in
Vojvodina, presentation of the project Centuries of Ba which now
incorporatesall theactivities regarding theBa heritage revitalization
from archeological excavations, sanitation works and reconstruction to
events organized by the local associations and educational publishing.
Theselectureshavegiveninformationonthehistoricalcontextinwhichthe
revitalizationprojectisbeingcarriedoutinBa.
Figure 8: Participants in the workshop
inside the The keep of the Ba fortress
(project photo archive, August 2010.
(Legatio,2010))
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
22/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
22
Thesocialcontext is theothermost importantcomponentdetectedasan
inevitable factor in relation to which further steps should be decided, as
wellasthedynamicofrealizingtheprojectrevitalizationontheterrain.The
municipality Ba belongs to the category of frontier regions, which
everywhere in Serbia is faced with poverty, undeveloped industry and
economy, and a worrying trend of depopulation. In addition to this, the
populationispassiveanduntrustingbecauseofpreviousfailedattemptsof
revitalization.
Figure 9: Surveying the inhabitants of
the Suburbium (project photo archive,
April2010.(Legatio,2010)
Speaking of the inhabitants of the Suburbium, they have very specific
problemsbecausethemajorityofhousesare inaverypoorstate,andthe
owners canneither afford tohave them repaired in accordancewith the
protectionprinciples,norcan theyafford toapplyoldbuilding techniques
and already forgotten crafts. In compliancewith theexistingproblems, a
newbase for the school programwas created ineach segment, it was
analyzed, how certain activities envisaged by the project can influence
community life, and to which extent is the community involved in the
decisionmakingprocessandwhetheritcancarryout(maintain)theproject
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
23/30
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
24/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
24
Figure 11:Making adobe,plot number 12 in the Ba Fortress Suburbium,projectleaderDragana
Marjanovi(projectphotoarchive,August2010.(Legatio,2010))
Figure12:Testingmudmortar,wallofhousenumber10intheBaFortressSuburbiumprojectleader
DraganaMarjanovi(projectphotoarchive,August2010.(Legatio,2010))
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
25/30
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
26/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
26
Figure14: Diagnosinghistoricmaterialssamplingandtestingunderthemicroscope,projectleader
Prof.DrJonjauaRanogajec(projectphotoarchive,August2010.(Legatio,2010))
Finally, the school introduced a completely new field of activity when
speaking of Serbia. Through work on increasing energy efficiency of
buildings in the Suburbium with respect to the protection principles
(projectleader PhD Mila Pucar), the issue of energy management in
protectedbuildingsandurbanambientshasbeen introduced for the first
time in Serbia. When built heritage in Serbia is concerned, in its widest
sense,thisisanespeciallyimportantissuesincethecorpusofperformances
of protected buildings, which are increasing in number, should also be
considered in the context of sustainability. Indeed, the inefficiency of
protectedbuildingsisoneofthemainargumentsandjustificationsusedin
thedevastationofcertainbuildingsandurbanambientthatareprotected
or were under prior protection, thereby placing residential architecture
particularlyunderthreat.Theparticipantshavedevelopedprojectsforfour
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
27/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
27
households, by applying the systems and principles of bioclimatic
architecture in the conditions of the strictest protection of buildings and
urbanambients.Thisconceptwasalso improvedbyprecisecalculations in
TAS 3D Modeller software, which showed accurate gains in energy
consumptionandthedifferencesbetweenthebeforeandafterminimal
plannedinterventionsonthebuilding(Petrovi,Pucar,&Jovanovi,2011).
Figure15:Posterofthebestproject,housenumber17intheBaFortressSuburbium,D.Dizdarevic,A.
Savic,B.Vukobrat(projectarchive,September2010.(Legatio,2010))
Conclusion
The project of the Summer School of Architecture in Ba was envisioned to
provide,apartfromnonformaleducationofthehumanresourcesinarchitecture,
planningandculture ingeneral,assistance to the localcommunity inarticulatingitsneedsandrealizingideas,aswellasofferingadditionalideasandassistanceto
thecompetentprotectionservicespresentontheterrain.Bydefiningthetopicsin
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
28/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
28
compliancewith theexistingstateandpriorities,theprojectreceived itsrealistic
dimensionthatcontributestoitsfunctionalvalue.Noneoftheschoolsideashave
beenrealizedsofar;neitherhavetheyexceededbeingjustaprojectidea,sketch
and simulation.However, fornow it is certain that the resultofeachorganized
school, at the very least, will be a collection of relevant and applicable
recommendations, which further could be developed and used in other
environmentsasasustainableandcosteffectivemodelfortestingideasandplans
for preserving cultural heritage. With small amendments and harmonization of
legal regulations and a minimal improvement of established procedures, it is
possibletogreatlyimproveworkingonheritageonterrain,educationpracticefor
professionalsandinclusionoflocalcommunity.
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
29/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
29
Literatureandsources
Arhitektonski_fakultet_u_Zagrebu. (1981). http://www.arhitekt.unizg.hr/_af/_hr/.
RetrievedSeptembar13,2011,fromhttp://www.arhitekt.unizg.hr.
CHwB & EXPEDITIO. (2008). CHwB Fondacija Kulturno nasljee bez granica iExpeditio/centar za odrivi prostorni razvojKotor, Crna Gora (2008.): Izradaprograma odravanja i zanatiu restauracijigraditeljskognasljea,Reportseries
No.5/2007
daisai.(2011).http://daisai.hr.RetrievedSeptembar13,2011,fromhttp://daisai.hr.
EU.(2001,April7).ResolutionNo.1ontheroleofculturalherritageandthechallengeofglobalization. Portoroz, Ljubljana: 5th European Conference of Ministersresponsibleforculturalheritage.
EXPEDITIO. (2005).Godinje2004 arhitektonska radionica.Godinje2004 arhitektonska
radionica.Kotor,CrnaGora:EXPEDITIO.
EXPEDITIO. (2005).Evropskaperspektivaodrivog razvoja.Kauravnoteenom iodrivomrazvojuteritorijeEvropskeunije(prevod).Kotor,CrnaGora:EXPEDITIO.
EXPEDITIO. (2005).Evropskekonvencije ipreporukeuoblastikulturnognasljea (prevod).Kotor,CrnaGora:EXPEDITIO.
FORTIFIEDCHURCHES. (2011). http://www.fortifiedchurches.com/locations/merghindeal___mergeln/77/. Retrieved Septembar 11,2011,fromhttp://www.fortifiedchurches.com.
GlobalGiving. (2011). http://www.globalgiving.org/projects/preservationtrainingforeconomicdevelopmentalbania/?rf=ggWidget. Retrieved Septembar 13, 2011,
fromhttp://www.globalgiving.org.IonMincu;UniversityofArchitectureandUrbanism.(2011).RetrievedSeptembar12,2011,
fromhttp://www.uauim.ro/evenimente/atelier_de_restaurare_romano_spaniol/img1.j
pg,.
Legatio.(2010,Avgust2329).LetnjakolaarhitektureuBau2010.Ba,Vojvodina,Srbija.
Pascual y Ruiz, J., Dragojevi, S. (2007). Guide to Citizen Participation in Local CulturalDevelopmentforEuropeanCities.Bucharest.
Petrovi, D., Pucar, M., & Jovanovi, J. (2011). Bioclimatic Sanation of the ProtectedResidential Areas Case Study on Possible Renewal of Ba FortressSuburbium.EnergyManagementinCulturalHeritage(p.13).
PVN.(2007,July1328).
-
7/28/2019 Summer School of Architecture as a Revitalization Model of Cultural_eng
30/30
Letnjakolaarhitekturekaomodelrevitalizacijekulturnoistorijskognaslea
JelicaJovanovi,dia
Urbanaregeneracijazatienihambijentalnihcelinaukontekstuodrivograzvoja:PodgraetvraveBa
30
http://www.pvnalbania.org/www.pvnalbania.org/index.html. RetrievedSeptembar13,2011,fromhttp://www.pvnalbania.org.
RS, M. k. (2011, Avgust 08). Informator o radu ministarstva kulture, informisanja iinformacionog drutva. Retrieved September 16, 2011, fromhttp://www.kultura.gov.rs/?jez=&p=28.
RS,M. k. (2010,Decembar 11).Rezultati konkursa za sufinansiranjeprojekata izoblastikulturnog naslea za 2011 godinu. Retrieved Septembar 8, 2011, fromhttp://www.kultura.gov.rs/?p=5812.
The Gjirokastra Conservation and Development Organization, G. (2001).http://www.gjirokastra.org. Retrieved Septembar 14, 2011, fromhttp://www.gjirokastra.org/sub_links/gcdo_sub/gcdo_important_projects.html.
UNESCO.(1946).http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=596.RetrievedSeptembar10,2011,fromhttp://whc.unesco.org.
WAVE. (2009). http://www.wavemagazine.net/0_srb/arhiva/30/drustvo/neformalnoobrazovanje.htm. Retrieved Septembar 13, 2011, fromhttp://www.wavemagazine.net.
. (2005). . . , :EXPEDITIO.
. (2009, 31). . Retrieved 23, 2010, fromhttp://www.parlament.gov.rs///.00.45.html.
.(1994). . : .
. (2009, 8). . Retrieved 10, 2011, from
http://www.parlament.gov.rs///.00.45.html.
PC. (2006). .RetrievedSeptember10,2011,fromhttp://www.prsp.gov.rs/dokumenta.jsp