sun certified system administrator for the solaris 10 os...

Sun Certified SystemAdministrator for theSolaris 10 OS Bootcamp

Student Guide - Volume 1

SA-997 Rev A (SA-200-S10-B.2)

D63735GC10Edition 1.0

D64503

Copyright © 2009, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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viiCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Table of Contents

About This Course .................................................................Preface-iCourse Goals............................................................................ Preface-iTopics Not Covered...............................................................Preface-iiiHow Prepared Are You?.......................................................Preface-ivIntroductions ...........................................................................Preface-vHow to Use Course Materials ..............................................Preface-viConventions ...........................................................................Preface-vii

Typographical Conventions ........................................ Preface-ixAdditional Conventions................................................ Preface-x

Introducing the Solaris™ 10 OS Directory Hierarchy ...................1-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 1-1Introducing / (root) Subdirectories................................................. 1-2

Introducing Important System Directories ........................... 1-2Introducing Important In-Memory System Directories ...... 1-4

Introducing File Components .......................................................... 1-8File Names.................................................................................. 1-8Inodes.......................................................................................... 1-8Data Blocks................................................................................. 1-9

Identifying File Types...................................................................... 1-10Directories ................................................................................ 1-11Regular Files ............................................................................ 1-11Symbolic Links ........................................................................ 1-11Device Files ............................................................................. 1-14

Using Hard Links............................................................................. 1-17Introducing Hard Links ......................................................... 1-17Creating New Hard Links ..................................................... 1-18Removing Hard Links ........................................................... 1-19

Exercise: Identifying File Types ..................................................... 1-20Preparation............................................................................... 1-20Task ........................................................................................... 1-20

Exercise Summary............................................................................ 1-22Exercise Solutions: Identifying File Types ................................... 1-23

viii System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System, Part 1Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Managing Local Disk Devices......................................................... 2-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 2-1Introducing the Basic Architecture of a Disk................................. 2-2

Physical Disk Structure ............................................................ 2-2Data Organization on Disk Platters........................................ 2-3The Disk Labels and Partition Tables..................................... 2-4SPARC Disk Slices .................................................................... 2-5x86/x64 Partitions and Slices .................................................. 2-9Disk Device Naming Conventions ....................................... 2-11

Introducing Solaris OS Device Naming Conventions ................ 2-17Logical Device Names............................................................ 2-17Physical Device Names ......................................................... 2-19Instance Names ....................................................................... 2-21

Listing a System’s Devices.............................................................. 2-23The /etc/path_to_inst File ............................................... 2-23The prtconf Command........................................................ 2-27The format Utility ................................................................. 2-28

Reconfiguring Devices .................................................................... 2-29Performing a Reconfiguration Boot...................................... 2-29Using the devfsadm Command............................................ 2-30

Partitioning the Hard Disk ............................................................. 2-32Introducing the Fundamentals of Disk Partitioning.......... 2-32Recognizing Disk Space and Undesirable Conditions ...... 2-33Recognizing Wasted Disk Space........................................... 2-35Recognizing Overlapping Disk Slices .................................. 2-36The format Utility and Disk Partition Tables ................... 2-38Using the format Utility........................................................ 2-41Defining Slices on a SPARC System..................................... 2-41Using the format Utility to Create fdisk Partitions........ 2-50Defining Slices on an x86/x64 System................................ 2-54

Managing Disk Labels..................................................................... 2-62Viewing the VTOC.................................................................. 2-62Replacing a SPARC or x86/x64 VTOC on Disk ................ 2-66Viewing and Replacing fdisk Partition Tables on x86/x64

Systems ................................................................................. 2-68Introducing the Solaris™ Management Console ........................ 2-70

Starting the Solaris Management Console .......................... 2-70Using the Solaris Management Console Tools .................. 2-71Restarting the Solaris Management Console ...................... 2-72Identifying the Functional Areas of the Solaris Management

Console .................................................................................. 2-73Partitioning a Disk Using the Solaris Management Console Disks

Manager Tool................................................................................. 2-77Partitioning the Disk Using the Disks Tool......................... 2-77

Exercise: Managing Local Disk Devices ....................................... 2-86Preparation............................................................................... 2-86

ixCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Exercise Summary................................................................... 2-87Task 1 – Identifying Device Files ......................................... 2-88Task 2 – Adding a New Disk or Tape Device .................... 2-90Task 3 - Working With Disks and Partitions on SPARC

Systems ................................................................................. 2-91Task 4 - Working With Disks and Partitions on x86/x64

Systems ................................................................................. 2-95Task 5 - Working With the Solaris Management Console on

SPARC Systems................................................................. 2-101Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 2-102Exercise Solutions - Managing Local Disk Devices .................. 2-103

Task 1 – Identifying Device Files ........................................ 2-103Task 2 – Adding a New Disk or Tape Device .................. 2-106Task 3 - Working With Disks and Partitions on SPARC

Systems ............................................................................... 2-107Task 4 - Working With Disks and Partitions on x86/x64

Systems ............................................................................... 2-120

Managing Solaris OS ufs File Systems..........................................3-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 3-1Introducing Solaris OS File Systems ............................................... 3-2

Disk-Based File Systems........................................................... 3-2Distributed File Systems ......................................................... 3-3Pseudo File Systems ................................................................. 3-3

Creating a New ufs File System...................................................... 3-5Viewing the Solaris OS ufs File System................................ 3-5Partition Tables and Reserved Space ..................................... 3-8ufs File System Structures...................................................... 3-9Using the newfs Command................................................... 3-15

Checking the File System Using the fsck Command ................ 3-18Data Inconsistencies Checked by the fsck Command ..... 3-18Superblock Consistency ......................................................... 3-18Cylinder Group Block Consistency ...................................... 3-18Inode Consistency................................................................... 3-19Data Block Consistency.......................................................... 3-19The lost+found Directory .................................................... 3-19Noninteractive Mode.............................................................. 3-19Interactive Mode ..................................................................... 3-20

Resolving File System Inconsistencies .......................................... 3-21Reconnecting an Allocated Unreferenced File.................... 3-21Adjusting a Link Counter ...................................................... 3-22Salvaging the Free List ........................................................... 3-22Using Backup Superblocks .................................................... 3-23

Monitoring File System Use ........................................................... 3-27Using the df Command ......................................................... 3-27Using the du Command ......................................................... 3-30

x System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System, Part 1Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Using the quot Command..................................................... 3-32Using the Solaris Management Console Usage Tool ......... 3-33

Exercise: Creating and Maintaining ufs File Systems ............... 3-35Preparation............................................................................... 3-35Task ........................................................................................... 3-35

Exercise Summary............................................................................ 3-40Exercise Solutions: Creating and Maintaining ufs File Systems......

3-41Task ........................................................................................... 3-41

Performing Mounts and Unmounts................................................ 4-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 4-1Working With Mounting Basics ...................................................... 4-2

Determining Which File Systems Are Currently Mounted 4-4Mounting a File System Automatically ................................. 4-4Introducing the Virtual File System Table: /etc/vfstab .. 4-5Introducing the /etc/mnttab File System Table................ 4-8

Performing Mounts.......................................................................... 4-11Mounting a Local File System Manually............................. 4-11Using the mount Command Options ................................... 4-12Mounting All File Systems Manually .................................. 4-14Mounting a New File System................................................ 4-14Mounting Different Types of File Systems......................... 4-16

Performing Unmounts .................................................................... 4-19Unmounting a File System .................................................... 4-19Unmounting All File Systems ............................................... 4-19Unmounting a Busy File System........................................... 4-20Repairing Important Files if Boot Fails on a SPARC System....

4-22Repairing Important Files if Boot Fails on an x86/x64 System

4-23Accessing Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs, or DVDs .................. 4-25

Using the Volume Management Service ............................ 4-26Restricting Access to Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs, or DVDs4-28

Stopping Volume Management (vold) ............................... 4-28Troubleshooting Volume Management Service Problems4-28

Accessing a Diskette, CD-ROM, or DVD Without the VolumeManagement Service .................................................................... 4-30

Using the mount Command................................................... 4-30Exercise: Mounting File Systems ................................................... 4-32

Preparation............................................................................... 4-32Task ........................................................................................... 4-32

Exercise Summary............................................................................ 4-37Exercise Solutions: Mounting File Systems.................................. 4-38

Task ........................................................................................... 4-38

Solaris™ 10 Operating System Installation Requirements.......... 5-1

xiCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Objectives ........................................................................................... 5-1Identifying Fundamentals of Solaris OS Installations .................. 5-2

Solaris 10 OS Installation and Upgrade Options.................. 5-2Solaris OS Installation Using the GUI.................................... 5-2Solaris OS Installation Using the CLI..................................... 5-3Custom JumpStart Installation................................................ 5-4Solaris Flash Archive Installation ........................................... 5-4Solaris WAN Boot ..................................................................... 5-5Standard Upgrade to the Solaris OS ...................................... 5-5Solaris Live Upgrade Software ............................................... 5-6Hardware Requirements for Solaris 10 OS Installation ...... 5-6Software Components of the Solaris OS............................... 5-7Solaris OS Software Groups .................................................... 5-8

Installing the Solaris 10 OS From a CD-ROM or DVD............... 5-12Pre-Installation Information .................................................. 5-12Installation and Secure by Default ....................................... 5-14

Simulation: Solaris 10 Operating System Installation Requirements5-16

Performing Solaris 10 OS Package Administration ......................6-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 6-1Introducing the Fundamentals of Package Administration ........ 6-2

Software Packages .................................................................... 6-2The /var/sadm/install/contents File ............................. 6-2Package Formats ...................................................................... 6-4

Administering Packages From the Command Line...................... 6-6Translating Package Formats .................................................. 6-6Displaying Information About Installed Software Packages ...

6-7Adding a Software Package .................................................. 6-10 Checking a Package Installation ......................................... 6-13Removing a Software Package.............................................. 6-15Adding Packages by Using a Spool Directory.................... 6-16Streaming One or More Packages ....................................... 6-18Reviewing Package Administration.................................... 6-20

Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages.................................. 6-21Preparation............................................................................... 6-21Task ........................................................................................... 6-21

Exercise Summary............................................................................ 6-24Exercise Solutions: Manipulating Software Packages ................ 6-25

Task ........................................................................................... 6-25

Managing Software Patches on the Solaris 10 OS........................7-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 7-1Preparing for Patch Administration................................................ 7-2

Introducing Solaris OS Patches............................................... 7-2Accessing Patches and Patch Information ............................ 7-3

xii System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System, Part 1Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Accessing Patches Using SunSolve ........................................ 7-5Accessing Patch Documents................................................... 7-7Downloading Patches Using SunSolve................................ 7-14Checking Patch Levels ........................................................... 7-17Preparing Patches for Installation ........................................ 7-18

Installing and Removing Patches .................................................. 7-21Installing a Patch ..................................................................... 7-21Removing a Patch ................................................................... 7-22Installing Patch Clusters ........................................................ 7-23

The smpatch Utility ......................................................................... 7-28Exercise: Maintaining Patches........................................................ 7-29

Preparation............................................................................... 7-29Task ........................................................................................... 7-29

Exercise Summary............................................................................ 7-31Exercise Solutions: Maintaining Patches ...................................... 7-32

Task ........................................................................................... 7-32

Using Boot PROM Commands ....................................................... 8-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 8-1Introducing Boot PROM Fundamentals ......................................... 8-2

Goal of the OpenBoot™ Architecture Standard.................. 8-3Boot PROM ................................................................................ 8-3System Configuration Information ....................................... 8-5Disabling the Abort Sequence................................................. 8-8Displaying POST to the Serial Port ........................................ 8-9

Using Basic Boot PROM Commands ............................................ 8-11Identifying the System Boot PROM Version....................... 8-12Booting the System ................................................................. 8-12Accessing More Detailed Information ................................ 8-14Listing NVRAM Parameters ................................................ 8-15Changing NVRAM Parameters ............................................ 8-16Restoring Default NVRAM Parameters .............................. 8-17Displaying Devices Connected to the System .................... 8-17

Identifying the System’s Boot Device ........................................... 8-22The show-devs Command .................................................... 8-24The devalias Command ..................................................... 8-25

Creating and Removing Custom Device Aliases ........................ 8-28The nvalias Command......................................................... 8-28The nvunalias Command .................................................... 8-30

Viewing and Changing NVRAM Parameters From the OS ...... 8-33Using the eeprom Command ................................................ 8-33

Interrupting an Unresponsive System.......................................... 8-35Aborting an Unresponsive System....................................... 8-35

Exercise: Using Boot PROM Commands...................................... 8-36Preparation............................................................................... 8-36Task ........................................................................................... 8-36

xiiiCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Exercise Summary............................................................................ 8-40Exercise Solutions: Using Boot PROM Commands .................... 8-41

Task ........................................................................................... 8-41

Using the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) ...............................9-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 9-1Introduction to GRUB ....................................................................... 9-2

GRUB Terminology .................................................................. 9-2GRUB-Based Booting................................................................ 9-3How GRUB-Based Booting Works ......................................... 9-4GRUB Device Naming Conventions ...................................... 9-6Functional Components of GRUB .......................................... 9-6The GRUB Menu ....................................................................... 9-7

Modifying x86 System Boot Behavior in the Solaris OS............... 9-9How to Set Solaris Boot Parameters Using the eeprom

Command.............................................................................. 9-10Modifying the Solaris Boot Behavior Using the kernel

Command.............................................................................. 9-12GRUB Boot Archives ....................................................................... 9-17

Managing the Primary Boot Archive ................................... 9-18Booting a System in the GRUB-Based Boot Environment ......... 9-20

How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level) .. 9-20How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level).......

9-20How to Boot a System Interactively ..................................... 9-22How to Stop an x86 System for Recovery Purposes .......... 9-23How to Boot the Failsafe Archive for Recovery Purposes 9-23

Interrupting an Unresponsive System.......................................... 9-26Aborting an Unresponsive System....................................... 9-26

Exercise: Using GRUB ..................................................................... 9-27Preparation............................................................................... 9-27Task ........................................................................................... 9-27

Exercise Summary............................................................................ 9-30Exercise Solutions: Using GRUB.................................................... 9-31

Task ........................................................................................... 9-31

Performing Boot and Shutdown Procedures...............................10-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 10-1Legacy Boot and Shutdown Versus Service Management Facility

(SMF)............................................................................................... 10-2SMF Features ........................................................................... 10-2

Identifying the Phases of the Boot Process................................... 10-3SPARC Boot PROM Phase..................................................... 10-5SPARC Boot Programs Phase................................................ 10-6x86/x64 Boot PROM Phase ................................................... 10-6x86/x64 Boot Programs Phase .............................................. 10-7The kernel Initialization Phase .......................................... 10-8

xiv System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System, Part 1Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

The /etc/system File and Kernel Configuration............ 10-11The init Phase...................................................................... 10-14Legacy Run Level Fundamentals ...................................... 10-16Determining a System’s Current Run Level ..................... 10-17Changing Run Levels ........................................................... 10-17Controlling Legacy Boot Processes ................................... 10-18The /sbin Directory ............................................................. 10-18The /etc/rc#.d Directories .............................................. 10-20Start Run Control Scripts ..................................................... 10-21Stop Run Control Scripts ..................................................... 10-21The /etc/init.d Directory............................................... 10-22

The Service Management Facility (SMF) .................................... 10-24SMF Service............................................................................ 10-24Service Identifiers................................................................. 10-25Service States ......................................................................... 10-27Milestones .............................................................................. 10-28The svc.startd Daemon......................................................... 10-30The Service Configuration Repository............................... 10-31The Service Repository Database........................................ 10-32Stopping and Starting Services Using SMF Commands 10-34Using svcs to Determine Why Services are Not Running.........

10-38Creating New Service Scripts.............................................. 10-38

Secure By Default ........................................................................... 10-46Installation and Secure by Default ..................................... 10-46Custom Configurations........................................................ 10-46Limited Networking Profile ................................................ 10-47Opening Selected Services ................................................... 10-49

Performing System Shutdown Procedures ................................ 10-54The /usr/sbin/init Command ...................................... 10-56The /usr/sbin/shutdown Command .............................. 10-56“Ungraceful” Shutdown Commands................................ 10-58

Exercise: Managing Boot and Shutdown Procedures............... 10-59Preparation............................................................................. 10-59Task ......................................................................................... 10-59

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 10-63Exercise Solutions: Managing Boot and Shutdown Procedures .......

10-64Task ......................................................................................... 10-64

Performing User Administration .................................................. 11-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 11-1Introducing User Administration.................................................. 11-2

Main Components of a User Account.................................. 11-2System Files That Store User Account Information.......... 11-3

Managing User Accounts.............................................................. 11-15

xvCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Introducing Command-Line Tools..................................... 11-15Creating a User Account ...................................................... 11-16Modifying a User Account .................................................. 11-21Deleting a User Account ...................................................... 11-23Creating a Group Entry........................................................ 11-24Modifying a Group Entry .................................................... 11-25Deleting a Group Entry........................................................ 11-27Using the Solaris Management Console Users Tool ........ 11-28Troubleshooting Login Issues ............................................. 11-37

Managing Initialization Files........................................................ 11-41Introducing System-Wide Initialization Files ................... 11-41Introducing User Initialization Files .................................. 11-42Customizing the User’s Work Environment..................... 11-43

Exercise: Adding User and Group Accounts ............................. 11-46Preparation............................................................................. 11-46Task 1 – Disabling the Solaris OS Registration Window 11-48Task 2 – Adding Group Entries .......................................... 11-48Task 3 – Adding User Accounts......................................... 11-49Task 4 – Examining Configuration Files........................... 11-51Task 5 – Establishing Password Aging .............................. 11-52Task 6 – Modifying User Accounts and Group Entries... 11-53

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 11-55Exercise Solutions: Adding User and Group Accounts ........... 11-56

Task 1 – Disabling the Solaris OS Registration Window 11-57Task 2 – Adding Group Entries .......................................... 11-57Task 3 – Adding User Accounts.......................................... 11-58Task 4 – Examining Configuration Files............................ 11-60Task 5 – Establishing Password Aging ............................. 11-62Task 6 – Modifying User Accounts and Group Entries... 11-63

Exercise: Modifying Initialization Files ...................................... 11-66Preparation............................................................................. 11-66Task ........................................................................................ 11-66

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 11-70Exercise Solutions: Modifying Initialization Files..................... 11-71

Task ........................................................................................ 11-71

Introducing System Security.........................................................12-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 12-1Monitoring System Access.............................................................. 12-2

Displaying Users on the Local System................................. 12-2Displaying Users on Remote Systems.................................. 12-3Displaying User Information ................................................ 12-4Displaying a Record of Login Activity ................................ 12-5Recording Failed Login Attempts ........................................ 12-6

Switching Users on a System ......................................................... 12-8Introducing the su Command............................................... 12-8

xvi System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System, Part 1Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Switching to Another Regular User ................................... 12-10Becoming the root User ..................................................... 12-11Monitoring su Attempts ..................................................... 12-12

Controlling System Access ........................................................... 12-14The /etc/default/login File........................................... 12-14File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Access.................................... 12-16The /etc/hosts.equiv and $HOME/.rhosts Files ........ 12-17The /etc/hosts.equiv File Rules .................................... 12-19The $HOME/.rhosts File Rules........................................... 12-20

Restricting Access to Data in Files............................................... 12-21Determining a User’s Group Membership........................ 12-21Identifying a User Account................................................. 12-22Changing File and Directory Ownership .......................... 12-22Changing File and Directory Group Membership........... 12-25Using File Permissions ......................................................... 12-26

Exercise: User Access..................................................................... 12-30Preparation............................................................................. 12-30Task ........................................................................................ 12-31

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 12-34Exercise Solutions: User Access ................................................... 12-35

Task ......................................................................................... 12-35Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems ....................... 12-41

Preparation............................................................................. 12-41Task ........................................................................................ 12-41

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 12-45Exercise Solutions: Restricting Access to Data on Systems ..... 12-46

Configuring and Using Printer Services...................................... 13-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 13-1Introducing Network Printing Fundamentals............................. 13-2

Raster Image Processor (RIP) ................................................ 13-2PostScript Printer Description (PPD) ................................... 13-2Print Management Tools........................................................ 13-3Client-Server Model................................................................ 13-3Types of Printer Configurations .......................................... 13-3Basic Functions of the Solaris OS LP Print Service ........... 13-5LP Print Service Directory Structure .................................... 13-6Print Requests From the Network...................................... 13-10Solaris OS Printing Process................................................. 13-12

Configuring Printer Services ........................................................ 13-20Using the Solaris OS Print Manager................................... 13-20Configuring a New Network Printer ................................. 13-23

Administering Printer Services.................................................... 13-32Setting the System’s Default Printer................................... 13-32Removing a Client’s Printer Configuration ...................... 13-33Removing a Server’s Printer Configuration...................... 13-34

xviiCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Starting and Stopping the LP Print Service................................ 13-35Starting the LP Print Service................................................ 13-35Stopping the LP Print Service ............................................. 13-35

Specifying a Destination Printer .................................................. 13-36Using the lp Command ....................................................... 13-36Using the lpr Command..................................................... 13-36

Using the LP Print Service ............................................................ 13-37Accepting Print Jobs ............................................................. 13-37Rejecting Print Jobs ............................................................... 13-38Enabling Printers................................................................... 13-38Disabling Printers ................................................................. 13-39Moving Print Jobs ................................................................ 13-40

Exercise: Using the LP Print Service............................................ 13-42Preparation............................................................................. 13-42Task ........................................................................................ 13-42

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 13-46Exercise Solutions: Using the LP Print Service .......................... 13-47

Task ......................................................................................... 13-47

Controlling System Processes......................................................14-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 14-1Viewing System Processes.............................................................. 14-2

Using the CDE Process Manager .......................................... 14-2Using the prstat Command ............................................... 14-4Using the Solaris Management Console Process Tool...... 14-7

Killing Frozen Processes ................................................................. 14-9Using the kill and pkill Commands ............................... 14-9Performing a Remote Login ................................................ 14-11

Suspending and Terminating Processes With SMC ................. 14-12Scheduling an Automatic One-Time Execution of a Command.......

14-14Using the at Command ....................................................... 14-14Controlling Access to the at Command........................... 14-16

Scheduling an Automatic Recurring Execution of a Command.......14-17

Introducing the crontab File Format ................................ 14-17Using the crontab Command ............................................ 14-19Controlling Access to the crontab Command................ 14-21Using the Solaris™ Management Console Job Scheduler Tool

14-22Exercise: Using Process Control................................................... 14-24


Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 14-26Exercise Solutions: Using Process Control ................................. 14-27

Task ......................................................................................... 14-27

xviii System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System, Part 1Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Performing File System Backups................................................. 15-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 15-1Introducing the Fundamentals of Backups .................................. 15-2

Importance of Routine File System Backups ...................... 15-2Tape Media Types.................................................................. 15-3Tape Drive Naming ................................................................ 15-4Tape Drive Control ................................................................. 15-5Strategies for Scheduled Backups......................................... 15-6The /etc/dumpdates File................................................... 15-10

Backing Up an Unmounted File System..................................... 15-11The ufsdump Command....................................................... 15-11Options for the ufsdump Command ................................. 15-12Tape Backups......................................................................... 15-13Remote Backups to a Tape................................................... 15-14Backups to Disk..................................................................... 15-15

Exercise: Backing Up a File System to Tape............................... 15-18Preparation............................................................................. 15-18Task ........................................................................................ 15-19

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 15-20Exercise Solutions: Backing Up a File System to Tape ............. 15-21

Task ......................................................................................... 15-21Exercise: Backing Up a File System to an Extra Disk Drive..... 15-23


Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 15-25Exercise Solutions: Backing Up a File System to an Extra Disk Drive

15-26Task ......................................................................................... 15-26

Performing File System Restores ................................................ 16-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 16-1Restoring a ufs File System............................................................ 16-2

Restoring a Regular File System ........................................... 16-2Restoring the /usr File System............................................. 16-4Performing a Special Case Recovery of the / (root) File System

on a SPARC System ............................................................. 16-6Performing a Special Case Recovery of the / (root) File System

on an x86/x64 System ......................................................... 16-8Invoking an Interactive Restore .......................................... 16-10Performing an Incremental Restore ................................... 16-12

Exercise: Restoring Files and File Systems ................................. 16-17Preparation............................................................................. 16-17Exercise Summary................................................................. 16-17Task 1- Back Up the root (/) File System to Tape............. 16-18Task 2 - Back up the / (root) File System to a File on Disk.......

16-18

xixCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Rev B.2 - Second Issue

Task 3 – Restore the /etc/inet/hosts File From Tape orFrom a File on Disk............................................................ 16-19

Task 4 – Destroy and Restore the Root(/) File System .. 16-20Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 16-23Exercise Solutions: Restoring Files and File Systems ............... 16-24

Task 1- Back Up the root (/) File System to Tape............. 16-24Task 2 - Back up the / (root) File System to a File on Disk.......

16-25Task 3 – Restore the /etc/inet/hosts File From Tape or

From a File on Disk............................................................ 16-27Task 4 – Destroy and Restore the Root(/) File System .. 16-29

Backing Up a Mounted File System With a UFS Snapshot ........17-1Objectives ......................................................................................... 17-1Creating a UFS Snapshot ................................................................ 17-2

Using the fssnap Command ................................................ 17-2Limiting the Size of the Backing-Store File ......................... 17-4Displaying Information for a ufs File System Snapshot . 17-5

Backing Up the UFS Snapshot File ................................................ 17-6Performing a Backup of a UFS Snapshot............................. 17-6Performing an Incremental Backup Using a UFS Snapshot .....

17-7Restoring Data From a UFS Snapshot Backup ................. 17-10Deleting a UFS Snapshot...................................................... 17-10

Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots ..................................... 17-11Preparation............................................................................. 17-11Task ........................................................................................ 17-12

Exercise Summary.......................................................................... 17-13Exercise Solutions: Working With UFS Snapshots ................... 17-14

Task ......................................................................................... 17-14