SSC-SR-1002

a

SUPERCOLLIDER

PROGRAM PLAN

PHASE I

January 7985

DISCLAiMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, m m - mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

SSC CENTRAL DESIGN GROUP c/o Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley, Ca l i fo rn ia 94720

DISCLAIMER

Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document .

SUPERCOLLIDER PROGRAF? PLAN

Page

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2.

3.

4.

5.

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2.1 Overall Objec t ives - 3 2.2 Technical Object ives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2.3 Conceptual Design Report and Other Documentation - - 5 Management/Organization 7

SSC Design Concepts 9

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In t roduct ion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phase 1 Object ives: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Program Description - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.1 Development o f Program Tasks - - - - - - - - - - - -

5.2.1 Program Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.2.2 Superconducting Magnet Program

5.2.3 Conventional Systems Program - - - - - - - - - 40 5 . 2 . 4 Central Pesign Group Program - - - - - - - - - 43

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5.2 The Fy85 P l a n : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5.3 The Fy86-E(7 Plan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Program Schedule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Program Costs

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56 6.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. Appendix A - SSC Research & Development Topics- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58

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SSC PROGRAM PLAN

1. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this plan i s t o describe the Research and Development

activities associated w i t h the SSC

program. T h i s Phase I program w i l

report and i s geared t o accomplish

(Superconducting Super Coll i der) Phase I

provide a comprehensive conceptua design

speci f i c research and development

objectives t h a t are required p r i o r t o i n i t i a t i o n of Construction (Phase 11).

The overall program objectives are given i n Section 2.

t h a t these objectives are a t t a i n e d i s described i n the SSC Hanagement Plan.

An overall description of the planned program i s provided i n Section 5. T h i s

Phase I program follows an extensive Reference Design Study conducted f o r the

The p l a n for assuring

purpose of assessi ng technical feasi b i 1 i ty and probable costs.

The SSC will be a h i g h energy high-luminosity hadron collider similar t o

t h a t described i n the SSC Reference Designs Study Report of May 1984.

planned Conceptual Design Report will describe the technical and conventional

fac i l i t i es for the SSC, together w i t h Cost, Schedule and rlanpower

The

so address Environmental, Safety, Q u a l i t y Assurance,

and Mai ntainabi 1 i ty issues. The experimental areas

requirements. I t will a

Operati ons , Re1 i abi 1 i t y , w i l l be studied t o maxim ze the High Energy Physics research potential.

A comprehensive Research and Development program will take place over the

next three years t o arrive a t a cost and performance optimized design. This

program will also serve t o demonstrate t h a t the key technical features of the

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accel erator-coll i der system proposed f o r the SSC are achievable w i t h i n the

estimated construction cost and schedule. The R&D effort will a lso include

assessment of the requirements f o r the i n i t i a l complement of detectors f o r the

projected SSC physics research effort.

The Phase I program will provide a s i t e parameters document and other s i t e

information, as required for D O E ' S s i t e selection process.

parameters document will be specific t o those technical features of the SSC

which are related t o the physical condi t ions of the s i te .

The s i t e

The Phase I na t iona l effort will be carried out under the direction of a

Central Design Group ( C D G ) located a t Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

working i n concert w i t h DOE, will direct and coordinate the SSC design and

associated R&D activities a t the Design Center, a t existing Laboratories and

Universities, and a t Industrial and A / E firms. The CDG i s directed by Dr. M.

Tigner who reports t o the Universities Research Association (URA) Board o f

Overseers which has been specifically created f o r this activity.

The CDG,

The SSC Phase I program i s planned t o be completed on September 30, 1987.

The estimated t o t a l cost of this three year program i s $94M.

schedule and cost are presented i n Sections 6 and 7 respectively.

Details of the

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2. PHASE I OBJECTIVES

The SSC facil i ty i s t o consist of a 20 TeV proton-proton collider, an

injector complex producing beams f o r injection i n t o the collider, and a

campus-like arrangement of b u i l d i n g s p r o v i d i n g office and laboratory space,

shops and other support services. The scale and possible arrangement of these

faci l i t ies are shown i n Section 4. The primary accelerator design objectives

for the SSC are given i n Table 2-1.

2.1

Table 2-1

Primary SSC Design Objectives

Maximum proton beam energy (TeV/heam) -2 -1 !.laximum luminosity (cm sec 1

Number of interaction regions

Overall Objectives.

are:

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The major objectives of the SSC Phase I program

To develop the performance specifications f o r the SSC consistent

w i t h the recommendations o f HEPAP and i t s 1983 Subpanel on New

Facilities w i t h consideration of the results of subsequent

pertinent studies and deliberations.

To conduct SSC design and R&D activit ies, making use of the

skill s, experience and fac i l i t i es of National Laboratories,

Universities and the industrial sector.

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To select an optimum superconducting magnet design style f o r the

SSC based upon technical, economic and operational cri teria.

To develop, as required for timely consideration in the FY88

budget process, the SSC Conceptual Design Report including

costs, schedule, staffing plan , and other elements showing how

the SSC can be realized i n a practical, environmentally

sensitive and safe manner.

To evaluate s i t e parameter requirements and t o provide s i t e

i nfonnation specification documents.

To develop and demonstrate cost effective techniques f o r

fabrication of magnets.

To conduct systems tes ts t o evaluate performance and reliabil i ty

o f magnets and other components.

To conduct studies of the selected s i t e and t o provide design

plans o f early cri t ical p a t h structures following s i t e selection.

To develop a catalogue of operating needs f o r the SSC including

u t i 1 i t i es , cryogens, maintenance supplies, and manpower levels.

To conduct appropriate R&D activit ies f o r the development of

advanced particle detectors.

e 2.2 Technical Objectives. A major objective of the Accelerator Physics

group is t o obtain a detailed understanding of the beam dynamics of

a h i g h current stored beams as prescribed for the SSC. These studies

will provide i n p u t t o the systems designers on such crucial issues as

magnet aperture, fie1 d quality, and a1 ignment tolerance requirements

over the postulated operating range of the accelerator systems.

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The Magnet R&D program will be geared t o develop magnets t h a t meet

the aperture and field qual i ty requirements necessary f o r the SSC.

Additional objectives are t o optimize technical performance and

reduce costs of the final design, t o develop and demonstrate the

manufacturability of the magnets i n a reliable and cost effective

manner and t o demonstrate the performance of systems of magnets.

R&D f o r other accelerator systems such as Refrigeration,

Instrumentation and Control s, Power Supplies, Injector, Vacuum, RF

and Abort Systems share the common objective of conducting sufficient

studies, i n c l u d i n g modeling and some prototyping, t o assure t h a t cost

effective and re1 iable systems are incorporated.

The objectives of the R&D effort under conventional construction are

t o f i n d ways t o minimize the cost of conventional construction, t o

develop SSC s i t e requirements and t o develop a s i t e parameters

document which will be used i n the DOE s i t e selection process.

s i t e master p l a n will be developed together w i t h studies of design

approaches 1 eadi ng t o an optimized construction schedu? e.

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2.3 Conceptual Design Report and Other Documentation. The objectives are

t o develop a detailed conceptual design, a firm cost estimate, a

staffing p l a n , a proposed construction plan and schedule. Other

documentation will include d r a f t environmental impact information, a

Project Safety Analysis Report, and Qual i t y Assurance/Cual i t y Control

requirements.

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3. MANAGEWENT - ORGANIZATION The programmatic responsibility f o r Phase I rests w i t h the Divisior! of

High Energy Physics ( D H E P ) Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics (HENP) i n

the Office of Energy Research ( E R ) . Responsibility fo r contract

administration and performance monitor ing rests w i t h a special SSC Office i n

the DOE Chicago Operations Office ( C H ) . The contract for SSC Phase I i s held

by the Universities Research Association ( U R A ) , which has created a Board o f

Overseers t o carry o u t i t s responsibility f o r Phase I management.

The Director of the Central Design Group who reports t o the U R A Board of

Overseers has been delegated the authori ty and assigned the responsi b i l i t y t o

organize, p l a n and accomplish the objectives of the SSC Phase I program. Work

on tasks necessary t o accomplish these objectives w i l l be carried on by the

CDG, by Laboratories and Universities across the United States and hy

appropriate elements of the indus t r ia l sector.

The Office of the Central Desian Group has been located a t the Lawrence

Rerkel ey Laboratory. The address i s :

Universities Research Association SSC Design Center c/o Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory rlail S top 90-4040 One Cyclotron Road Berkel ey , Cal i forni a 94720

The Organizational Chart for the CDG i s shown i n Figure 3-1. The

Organization reflects the major SSC technical systems t h a t w i l l be involved i n

the Phase I program. Approximately 40 technical and support personnel are

projected for the CDG organiza t ion i n FY85.

While direction and coordinat ion of the Phase I effort rests w i t h the CDG,

work w i l l also be carried o u t under bilateral agreements and contracts between

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FIGURE 3-1 PRELIMINARY SSC PHASE I ORGANIZATION

Olrector

tl Ytgner

Deputy lor External Rclatlons

5 Wojclcki

Deputy l o r Opcratlons

J 0 Jackson

nanagemcnt Advlsor

R Platyas

I 4 I - I

I n)ec tor Convent lonal Project Planning Acce lerator Accelerator magnet Systems Systems Systems h Physics Systems tl T i p e r

tmJq-1 C Taylor

(*dy osllr) J Sanford

tlanagcmcnt

T Elioff A Chao P Limon - DOE Lab5

A/E F irms

Wf L d k - t)NL . FNAL - LBL

-3t LA>> - JUC ~ d t t .miuers ,: i t i - universities

- v m t r y . - T A C

I : I d Labs

- universities

- Industry

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the CDG and va r ious i n s t i t u t i o n s , such a s National Labora to r i e s , U n i v e r s i t i e s ,

I n d u s t r i a l and Arc h i tect-Engi neeri ng F i rms. The CDG w i 11 be responsi bl e f o r

o v e r s i g h t , coo rd ina t ion , and i n t e g r a t i o n of a1 1 SSC r e l a t e d ac t iv i t ies . The

CDG will develop a plan f o r i n d u s t r i a l involvement i n the SSC program a t the

e a r l i e s t a p p r o p r i a t e time, i n s u r i n g t h a t f a i r o p p o r t u n i t i e s are provided t o

a1 1 interested and qual i fied parties.

Management and o rgan iza t iona l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a r e provided i n more detai l

i n the SSC Phase I Management Plan.

4. SSC DESIGN CONCEPTS

A brief description of the planned SSC faci l i ty i s provided below. T h i s

picture serves t o indicate the nature of the required fac i l i t i es and the scale

o f the accelerator systems; i t does n o t represent a f i n a l or an optimized

design.

The energy of the SSC (20 TeV per beam) and i t s h i g h design luminosity 33 2 -1 (10 cm sec ) are a substantial extension o f the major parameters o f

existing colliders, proposed o r under construction.

probe t o a much higher mass scale o r t o smaller subnuclear distances t h a n are

The SSC will be able t o

accessible w i t h any other existing o r planned facil i ty.

scientific community the means fo r making major advances i n our growing

I t t h u s offers the

knowledge of the fundamental properties of matter and i n our unified

understanding of the forces of nature.

The main SSC technical components are a cascaded series of particle

accelerators o f increasing energy: 1.0 Gev Linac, 70 Gev Low Energy Booster,

1.0 Tev High Energy Booster, and the 20 Tev on 20 Tev proton-proton collider.

A possible arrangement o f these systems is shown t o scale i n the schemetic

representation o f Figure 4-1. The collider r i n g shown i s 60 miles in

c i rcumference, representing one of the opt ions currently under consideration.

Figure 4-2 i s a projected aerial view of the SSC complex on a median s i te .

The most visible parts of the SSC will be the office, laboratory and shop

b u i l d i n g s i n the central campus o f the f a c i l i t y and the experimental buildings

t h a t w i l l be located around the r ing a t the interaction regions. A n

advantageous place fo r the central campus i s near the p o i n t o f beam injection

i n t o the main ring as shown i n Figure 4-3.

booster r i n g i s seen t o the r i g h t o f the building complex. Because the area

The outline of the low energy

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Collider and Injectors to Scale

Collider - to 20 TeV

Enlargement High Energy of

L Linac- to 0.07 T iV 0 to 0.001 TeV

Figare 4 . 1 Layout of the SSC indicating the injector complex and the main ring where protons arc acctlerated to 20 TeV in counter-rotating bunches that collide at six points along the circumference.

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Figure .4.2 Aerial view of median site illustrating the scale of the SSC facility and the relatively unspoiled nature of the countryside once the machine is in operation. The main ring perimeter is only noticeable when the tunnel approaches the surface too closely. Buildings arranged in circular array near the campus outline the injector machine. The laboratory building and the campus-like assembly of industrial build- ings arc areas of major concentration and staff activity. Access roads to nearby popu- lation centers arc clearly visible.

Figure 4,3 proximity to the injector facility.

Aerial view of the campus revealing its compact arrangement and its

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of the campus i s very small i n comparison w i t h the size of the main ring, most

of the surface area of the s i t e will not be affected by the construction of

the SSC.

The c o l l i d e r r i n g will be housed i n a tunnel below ground where

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superconducti ng dipole and quadrupol e magnets w i 11 steer and focus two counter

r o t a t i n g beams of protons i n nearly c i rcu lar paths. In most o f the

ci rcumference the two beams travel i n separate para1 1 el vacuum encl osures. A t

6 special locations around the circumference the beams are focused t o 0

transverse dimensions of a few microns and brought i n to near head-on

collision.

analyze the results of the collision process.

I t i s a t these locations t h a t complex experimental detectors will

Figure 4-4 shows a perspective

view of the main r i n g tunnel and the vacuum pipe i n which the magnet systems

are enclosed. Figure 4-5 shows the superconducting magnet system w i t h i n the

vacuum p i p e .

designs.

Figure 4-6 and 4-7 provide similar views of other magnet system

These designs typify the range o f options from which the f ina l

optimized design w i l l be determined. Detailed descriptions of these systems

can be found i n the Reference Designs Study Report o f May 8, 1984.

The next section of the Program Plan (Section 5) will describe the

Research program for the technical development of superconducting magnet

systems as we1 1 as other accelerator components.

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Figure 4 4 Perspective view of the main ring tunnel.

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MLati-Layec Insulation

Yoke Support & Helium Containment (330.2 mm diam.)

Iron Lamination Cold Mass support Ring

vacuum vessel

Yoke Alignment Keys

IN, Cooled Heat Shield’

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Tube

e Figure 4.5 Cutaway pcnpcctive view of the 6.5 T, 2-in-1 dipole magnet.

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Iron Yoke,

Tubes

coils

Figure 4 6 Cutaway perspective view of the 5 T, I-in-l dipole magnet.

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Figure 4 7 . Cutaway perspective view of the 3 T, superfemc dipole magnet.

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5. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

5.1 Development of Program Tasks

The Reference Design Study Report of May 1984 served t o provide

a systematic identification of many R&D Tasks t h a t are

associated w i t h each technical system of the SSC. Additional

tasks have been identified i n subsequent reviews and studies by

the CDG. Examples o f such studies are the Magnet Systems Test

Site Task Force, the Magnet Aperture Workshop, the Managerial L

Fiscal Panel f o r the SSC Magnet Program, and the SSC Technical

Magnet Review Panel.

which represents a comprehensive l i s t of tasks, issues, studies,

and problems t h a t must be addressed d u r i n g Phase I .

Breakdown Structure (WBS) for the Phase I program (see Table

5-1 ) i s designed t o incorporate these tasks appropriately i n t o

the SSC organizational structure.

The results are summarized i n Appendix A

The Work

The studies noted above clearly indicate two important areas o f

the R&D program which are on the early cri t ical path f o r

accomplishing the program goals.

activit ies required t o provide i n p u t fo r magnet selection and

the s i t e cri teria development program which i s the f i r s t step i n

the extensive process of s i t e determination.

the R&D effort f o r FY85 i s therefore directed toward

accomplishing the tasks related t o tbese areas.

These areas are the R&D

A major p a r t of

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I I TABLE 5-1 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

X . SSC Phase I Program e

1.0 Centra1 Design Group

1.1 Administration 1.1.1 Director's Office 1.1.2 Administrative Support

1.2 Program Planning and Management

1.3 Accelerator Research and Development 1.3.1 General 1.3.2 Accelerator Physics - 1.3.3 Accelerator Systems 1.3.4 Superconduct i ng Magnets 1.3.5 Injection Systems

1.4 C,onvent ional Systems 1.4.1 Planning and Coordination 1.4.2 Site Parameters 1.4.3 Conceptual Design 1.4.4 Speci a1 Studies

2.0 Brookhaven National Laboratory

2.1 General 2.2 Magnet Models 2.3 Tooling 2.4 Magnet Measurements

* 2.5 * 2.6 Cryogenic System

Power Supplies and Quench Protection

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TABLE 5-1 (Continued)

R

3.0 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

3.1 General 3.2 Magnet Models

3.3 F a c i l i t y Development and Operation

* 3.4 Superconductor Development * 3.5 Cryos ta t Development * 3.6 Accelerator Physics

4.0 Lawrence Berke?ey Laboratory

I)

Ir

4.1 General

4.2 Model Magnets

4.3 Calcula t ions and Analysis

4.4 Instrumentat ion and Measurements * 4.5 Accelerator Theory * 4.6 Superconductor Development

5.0 Texas Accelerator Center

5.1 General 5.2 Shor t Magnet Model

5.3 Long Magnet Model s 5.4 Tool i ng Development

5.5 Theoret ical /Analysis 5.6 F a c i l i t y Development

*Ongoing Laboratory Acce lera tor R&D ac t iv i t i e s t h a t are re1 evant t o the SSC program.

01 02s

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5.2 The FY85 PLAN

5.2.1 Program Summary. The major areas of research fo r the FY85

program are Superconducti ng Magnet Development w i t h re1 ated

Accelerator Physics Studies and Site parameters Development.

A primary goal of the accelerator physics studies is t o

determine an optimized storage r i n g la t t i ce that ensures

achievement of desi gn 1 umi nosi t y a t each i nteracti on poi n t w i t h

a minimum intensity of stored beam.

translated i n t o the specifications for magnet systems i n terms

of field qual i ty and aperture. A t the same time several

different magnet design concepts are being investigated. T h i s

magnet development program i s geared t o provide cri t ical i n p u t

f o r the selection of a single magnet style i n FY85.

The la t t ice design will be

Currently short magnet models are being produced and tested.

These models will focus on provid ing infomation for aperture

and field quality evaluation.

issues of design and fabrication techniques which are aimed a t

maximum reliabil i ty and cost effectiveness f o r operations and

mi-nimurn costs f o r production. In parallel w i t h this effort i s

a program t o develop outside industrial capability f o r the

production of uniform, reliable, and improved high-field NbTi

superconducting w i re and cab1 e.

T h i s program a l so addresses

The devel opment of engineering

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designs and t o o l i n g necessary t o produce magnets economically

and reliably i s also being pursued.

magnet style and the development o f satisfactory magnet models

and prototype t o o l i n g , full-scale prototype magnets and

associated cryogenic hardware w i l l be fabricated. Of particular

importance will be measurement and minimization of the

cryogenic system heat 1 eak. The envisioned cryogenic systems

are strongly dependent on achieving a very low level o f heat

1 eak.

Following selection o f the

W i t h regard t o conventional systems, the development of s i t e

cri teria and a detailed catalogue of information needed for the

DOE s i te selection process i s on the cri t ical p a t h and must be

actively pursued. Thereafter the overall design and

devel opment of conventional systems will be accompl i shed i n

concert w i t h the technical systems requirements i n order t o

provide a complete SSC Conceptual Design.

5.2.2 Superconducting Magnet Program. The primary objectives of the

FY85 program are the selection of a Basic Magnet Type and the

development of a final engineering design f o r Magnets of the

chosen type.

which t o proceed should be based on three major

considerations: operational characteristics, potential

re1 i a h i 1 i t y and cost.

Selection of a basic magnet design type w i t h

Development of the worki ng engi neeri ng

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designs will include many elements such as model tes ts of

various possible design features and studies of t o o l i n g and

manufacturing methods. These two major program components are

intertwined t o a considerable degree. To be successful such a

program must draw on the collective resources of the community

i n many areas.

The SSC Magnet Program involves RkD Groups a t R N L , LBL, FNAL, &

TAC. These groups strongly interact w i t h the CDG v ia technical

i n p u t f o r magnets and magnet systems. Indus t r i a l consultants

are used both by the CDG and through the laboratory groups.

The CDG a l s o uti l izes a Technical Magnet Review Panel for

advice on technical issues. The membership i s drawn from the

national pool of superconducting magnet experts.

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Reviews and assessments of special technical o r operational

features are necessary f o r successful design of the SSC.

Accordingly a number of panels and task forces composed of

experts from the US and abroad have been formed. a These include:

- Technical Magnet Review Panel - S t a b i l i t y Assurance Task Force - Photodesorption Task Force - Aperture Task Force - Operational Factors Task Force - - Cost Estimating Task Force

Re1 i a b i l i t y Assessment Task Force

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A l l of the information resulting from these Panels and Task

Forces will be utilized by the CDG through a Basic P?agnet Type

Evaluation Panel t o determine the optimum design style for the

SSC Magnet System. Following this determination, the CDG will

fonnulate an integrated program t o move forward w i t h the final

engineering and design. T h i s program w i l l use the resources

and technical abi l i t ies of the various DOE Laboratory R&D

groups as well as industry.

Figure 5-1 shows the time scale fo r the activit ies of the Task

Forces, consultants, and review panels during FY85.

selection o f a Basic Superconducting Magnet Type w i l l occur i n

the las t quarter o f FY85.

The

There are a number of basic magnet types under consideration

which one can parameterize as shown i n Table 5-2.

checked show which Basic Magnet Types are now receiving most

attention and a t wh ich institution i t i s being investigated.

The systems bearing an X mark Basic Magnet Types known t o be

uneconomical.

The systems

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FIGURE 5-1

FY 85 MAGNET PROGRAM SCHEDULE

ACTIVITIES

LAB RID PROGRAMS - obtain data. prepare lor tinal eng r g

comparative cost. rehab, mfr olan

determine physical aperture for Types

- INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANTS -

APERTURETASKFORCE - STABILITY ASSURANCE TASK FORCE - det phys aper from impedance consid

?i+GTODESORPTlOh TASK FORCE - der pnys aper from vacuum consid

eslimaie costs for eacn Type C3ST ESTIMATING TASK FORCE - OPERATIONAL FACT3RS TASK FORCE - der opor consequences of each Type

compare reliability factors for Types

review prgm during pre-type sel'n

EASiC MAGNET TYPE EVALUATION PANEL evaluate input from Task Forces and retommeno Gasic Magnet Type to CDG

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT TASK FORCE

TECHNICAL MAGNET REVIEW PANEL

-

- -

NEGOTIATE TASKS FOR FINAL DESIGN - Labs and inb firms

FINAL DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING

F Y e5 MAGWET PfiOG8AM SCHEZvLE

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TABLE 3 - 2

B A S I C MAGNET TYPES

Lo B Cold Fe

H i B Cold Fe

Lo B No Fe

H i 8 No Fe

Notes t o Table:

1.

2.

3.

"2 i n 1 Magnets

1 TAC V

J E FNAL

X

X

"1 i n 1 " Maane t s

J TAC

J

X

J

LBL BNL FNAL

FNAL

I n t h i s contex t Lo B r e f e r s t o f i e l d s o f about 3 Tes la and H i B t o about 6 Tesla. "2 i n 1 " re fe rences t o mechanical and cryogenic l i n k a g e o f t h e two SSC beam channels. magnet ic 1 inkage. Most design cons ide ra t i on i s now be ing given t o magnets based on t h e w e l l es tab l i shed NbTi cab le technology. The c u r r e n t d e n s i t y c a p a b i l i t y o f t h i s technology i s c o n t i n u a l l y improv ing.

In t he H i B case the channels have s t r o n g

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During

review

compri

The process for selecting the Basic Magnet Type i s comprised of

several components, namely da ta acquisition, da ta analysi s,

evaluation and final selection. Each component will depend on

i n p u t from the community of experts and active par t ic ipants i n

the devel opment of superconducting magnets fo r accelerator

service. The i n p u t da ta and some analytical work will be

acquired from the ongoing R&D programs a t Laboratories and

universities, from studies by i n d u s t r i a l consultants

commissioned by R&D performers and by the CDG, from Task Forces

and Workshops convened f o r the purpose, and by the CDG i t se l f .

period the CDG will be advised i n

a Technical Magnet Review Panel

ed of recognized ,xperts and leaders i n the

superconducting accelerator magnet area. In making the f i n a l

Basic Magnet Type selection, the CDG will be advised by a Basic

Magnet Type Evaluation Panel, appointed by the CDG, and similar

i n composition t o the Technical Magnet Review Panel. T h i s

panel w i 11 be suppl emented by accel erator magnet experts from

abroad and w i t h add i t iona l members from industry and system

d i sci p l i nes.

the pre-selection

and evaluation by

The Basic Magnet Type Evaluation Panel will make i t s

evaluations and recommendation based on consideration of the

three major areas concerning each of the Basic Magnet Types

being assessed: operational characteristics, potential

re1 i abi 1 i ty and cost.

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W i t h regard t o operational characteristics each of the Basic

Magnet Types have inherent features, as opposed to detailed

design features, affecting operational performance of a

complete collider system based on that Basic Magnet Type.

operational duty factor a t the needed operating parameters of

energy and luminosity i s a primary consideration for the SSC.

In addition t o the effective operation a t collision energy w i t h

good beam control and minimum i nci dental background for the

detectors, other factors such as efficient injection, stacking

and acceleration will be important. Del ineation and evaluation

of operational performance characteristics w i l l involve

consi derati ons o f :

High

7 at t ice restrictions

cryogenic coup1 i ng between beam channel s

electro-magnetic coupling between beam channels both i n the

bending dipoles and focusing magnets

correctabil i t y of placement and fie1 d errors

unwanted multipole components

coo?-down and warm-up time

quench protection

quench recovery time

There are two major aspects o f potential reliabil i ty for magnet

systems which merit evaluation:

individual magnets as components and the reliabil i ty of a

the reliabil i ty of the

e 2a

complete system of magnets. For component re1 iabil i ty one must

evaluate characteristic tolerances, number o f units, mechanical

and electrical stress, and complexity such as the number of

par ts and welded joints. For systems reliabil i ty the factors

for consideration involve mechanical supports, refrigeration,

correction elements, quench protection, and overall moni tori ng

and control s.

Magnet Cost Analysis requires evaluation of both capital costs

and operation costs. The capital costs w i l l be determined from

the specific elements of the design including the materials,

fabrication methods, and assembly and testing techniques. The

operational costs will depend on t o t a l heat load, convolution

o f warn-up/cool -down costs w i t h expected cycle frequency, and

the size and number of refrigeration u n i t s .

The above factors are pertinent t o the selection of a magnet

design style.

and participating laboratories will focus on the final

engineering design which w i l l draw upon the information t h a t

has been assembled from the R&D programs.

t h i s effort will be a system tes t of the final magnet design.

The magnitude of this effort requires early detai 1 ed planning.

A Task Force on the Hagnet Systems Test Site was appointed by

the CDG director i n August 1984 and fs described further i n

Section 5.2.4.

After this selection process, efforts a t the CDG

An important p a r t of

I

4 29

The b a s i c informat ion t h a t will be used i n the assessment of

opera t iona l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , re1 i a b i l i ty and c o s t s f o r

different magnet designs i s a product o f the c u r r e n t R&D

programs a t BNL, LBL, FNAL, & TAC.

involved i n these programs are Superferric (TAC), No I ron

(FNAL), Cold I ron 1-in-1 (LBL), and Cold I ron 2-in-l (BNL). In

a d d i t i o n BNL, LBL, and FNAL are c o l l a b o r a t i n g on the

development o f a h i g h f i e ld (6T) c o l d i r o n des ign .

elements of the a s s o c i a t e d R&D programs a r e described below.

The Basic Magnet Types

The b a s i c

The program a t LRL can be d iv ided i n t o f o u r components;

and Superconductor Devel opment, Desi gn-Engineeri ng,

Experimental Operat ions, and Model Magnet R&D. The Cable and

Superconductor Program is aimed at opt imiz ing the NbTi a l l o y

composition and heat t rea tment i n the b i l l e t i n g and a t

devel oping an i ndustrial capabi 1 i t y t o draw f i ne f i 1 ament-hi gh

current c a p a c i t y superconduct i ng w i re.

being studied t o form the superconductor wire i n t o quali ty

c a b l e ( h i g h compaction wi thout deg rada t ion ) .

degrada t ion dur ing keystonfng i s a1 so being i n v e s t i g a t e d . The

o b j e c t i v e i s t o develop a mechanical ly improved cable.

Cable

Techniques a r e a1 so

The ques t ion o f

The LBL Design Engineer ing e f f o r t i nvo lves des ign of magnet

c o i l w ind ings , des ign and mechanical (stress) measurements on

p ro to type c o l l a r s f o r clamping and pre-stressing c o i l s and

prel imi nary a n a l y s i s and design o f quadruples , c o r r e c t f o n

30

magnets and special intersection region bending and focusing

magnets. In a d d i t i o n LBL will collaborate w i t h industry i n

preliminary analysis and design o f a complete magnet-cryostat

system, i ncl udi ng mechanical supports , vacuum vessel , heat-leak, coo?-down and warm-up, helium p i p i n g requirements,

construction tolerance requirements, and cost.

Experimental Operations f o r this program involves the

performance o f tes ts on one meter model magnets fo r such

factors as stabil i ty ( t r a i n i n g ) , ramp sensitivity, quench

characteristics, and field qual i ty . These operations wil l

involve the maintenance and operation o f magnet tes t fac i l i t i es

and a wire and cable "short sample" tes t f a c i l i t y . The Model

Magnet RAD involves the development of a detailed design for

d i p o l e magnet ends, evaluation of cable insulation, development

of winding and molding procedures f o r the coils and the

construction and testing of a series of one-meter model magnets.

The program a t BNL involves the development of 4 .5 meter

magnets w i t h emphasis on 3 . 2 cm and 4.0 cm bore magnets having

stainless steel collared coils n a 1-in-1 and 2-in-1 cold i ron

yoke. T h i s work can be divided i n t o two components: Toolfng

and Test Equipment Design and Development; and Magnet

Production a n d Testing.

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The Tooling and Test Equipment Design and Development program

involves the development of mandrels, a curing press, and a

long winder for coil product ion; the development of the

horizontal t es t f a c i l i t y t o o l i n g and measuring device; the

development of collars and a modified press f o r prestress

collar f i t t ings; and the development o f trim coil tooling.

The Magnet Production program i nvol ves a technique where

superconducti ng cab1 e is wound on 4.5 meter 1 ong mandrel s,

cured, clamped i n stainless steel collars, and f i t ted i n t o

bolted iron yokes.

be b u i l d and tested i n FY 1985.

The plan cal ls f o r four o f these magnets t o

The Magnet Testin? program will include tests o f peak field

performance, magnetic field mu7 tipole content, persistent

current effects , quench propagat ion velocity, temperature at ta ined d u r i n g quench, and trim coi l performance.

The program a t FNAL i s concentrating on the development of a

magnet system based on collared cosine theta coils similar t o

the FNAL saver design, b u t w i t h reduced aperture, improved

superconductor, increased length and reduced heat leak. The

effort i n FY 1985 will concentrate on Superconductor

improvement ( in close collaboration w i t h LBL and BNL),

e

development and t e s t of a "Dry-Wound* coil insulation system,

cryostat and suspension development, and improvements t o the

Magnet Test Facility fo r magnetic measurements.

In the superconductor devel opment , FNAL i s expl o r i ng the development of strands w i t h fine (5-6 micron) filaments.

passive superconductor scheme for correcting persistent

sextupl e f iel ds i s bei ng devel oped.

A

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a

The magnet program cal ls for development and design of dry

w i n d i n g techniques, study of collaring forces, and

investigation of quench protection techniques.

cold testing w i l l be performed t o measure harmonics, t r a i n i n g ,

quench protection, and mu1 tipoles. Persistent current sextuple

measurement and correction will a l so be studied.

B o t h warm and

A l o n g vacuum vessel will be built t o develop supports and

a1 ignment techniques. Testing will include cool -down, heat

leak measurement , quench protection, magnet performance, electromechanical interactions, field quality, and l i f e tests.

Emphasis w i l l be p u t on the design of a cryostat f o r Cosine

Theta Type Magnets.

The program a t TAC i s aimed a t developing a low (3T) f ield,

2-in-1, cold iron magnet system for the SSC. The design i s an

iron dominated magnet w i t h aperture of approximately one inch.

The plans for FY 1985 call for the building and testing

33

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o f several short ( 2 foot! models, and several longer (25 f o o t )

model s. F u l l length model s ( 9 2 f t . are a1 so planned. TAC

will use superconductor from the LBL/BNL/FNAL development

programs i n their cabling process. Some magnets will be tested

a t BNL.

The purpose o f the three foo t models is t o study mechanical and

magnetic consistency. The 25 f o o t models will be b u i l t t o

study techniques for b u i l d i n g longer magnets, t o t e s t magnet

alignment, t o develop cryostats and t o check heat leak. The

long magnet (02 f t ) program i s planned t o study length and

mechanical characteristics, and shipping and testing

techniques.

fabrication o f the 92 f t . models.

The TAC program plans t o involve industry i n the

The schedules f o r fabrication and testing of magnet models for

the programs described above are presented i n Figures 5-2, 5-3,

5-4 and 5-5.

34

FIGURE 5 -2

BNL MODEL MAGNET SCHEDULE

ORDER

1984 - CT NOV DE(

4.5 metcr

3 . 2 Ul BORE

3 aa conploted

4 cn BORE TOal

TEST - CONSTRUCT .*..-,,.".."....,A.,A% M FEB nw

nATER1M.S

35

l!

PR HAY JUC

5

IUL fUJC SEP KT NW DEC

QD

- 1986

fW FEB HCIR

a

e

0

e

0

0

D

D

SHORT tKHX3-S

3 f o o t FERHXLM (5 cn)

CMPLETE

20 f o o t FEWILAB ( 7 . 6 cn)

-I__- LONI; M m s

Long Coil r8brlCatlOns "

Long CRYOSTAT Design

tonq CHYOSTRT Construction

FIGURE 5-3

F N A L MODEL MAGNET S C H E D U L E

ORDER - C - -- 1984

ET NW DEC

- 2-

3 -

-

-

1$ IAN FEB ?!FIR MR HFIY JUN

)W>X

4-10

-

tooling

craterials

_I -

I

TEST .... ......... ... ... >"*e *.*v

FIGURE 5-4

LBL MODEL MAGNET SCHEDULE

LBL

jFOOT IIOEL S

1-IN-1, 4 Ul BORE

b

ORDER - 1984

CT NW DEC

2-

I l! cy( FEB tlM ClPR HCIY JUh

.

S IUL WWG SEP

ETC.

- 1986

Fw FEB HCY;

a

0

e

0

e

37

a

FIGURE 5-5

TAC MODEL MAGNET SCHEDULE

E T NW DEC

~

25 f o o t TM

4

It--

LONG m L s

92 f o o t Industry

n a1

iDER - CONSTRUCT

rials 1 ,

. .... .. .. . .. . ... v,-x+ TEST

38

e

Vagnet Engineering Design.

programs will be used for the magnet type selection process and

i t will also provide the technical basis f o r the development of

the final magnet design. I t i s envisioned t h a t a widely based,

collaborative effort , employing the particular resources and

The information from the current

strengths o f the l a b s and institutions now involved, will be

needed i n th is development.

As soon a s practical af ter the Basic Magnet Type Selection,

task assignments fo r f ina l development of the chosen magnet

type will be made. Proposals from the laboratories and

institutions wishing t o participate will be invited.

Invitations t o submit proposals w i l l be issued a t about the

time of Basic fjagnet Type Selection by the CDG. A plan f o r

industrial involvement i n the ear ly stages of f ina l design and

prototype devel opment w i 11 be prepared prior t o t h i s time.

R&D results germane t o efficient production of magnets, such as

t o o l i n g and manufacturing plans, f a s t coil w i n d i n g methods,

effective cabling methods, and al l inclusive cable

specifications, as well as research on long cryostat designs

including mock-up measurement and design of suppor t and

alignment systems, will be valuable as i n p u t t o the final

engineering design.

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5.2.3 Conventional Systems Program. I n concert with the technical

activities described above, the scheduled SSC milestones

require an active ef for t for conventional systems. A n

important milestone fo r Apr i l 1985 i s the Site Parameters

Document. A considerable effort will be required i n the

preparation of this document.

i s a s follows:

A summary o f the near-term tasks

a ) Preparation of a Site Parameters Document t h a t would

indicate the information required fo r potential sites.

Guidance f o r the preparation of preliminary environmental

impact statements and safety analysis reports.

b )

c ) Preparation of designs fo r conventional systems on a

representative s i te , t o be part o f the Conceptual Design

Report.

I n order t o accomplish the prescribed tasks, the services of

an Architectural and Engineering Firm ( A / E ) are planned fo r

early 1985.

requirements and d a t a relevant t o s i te selection.

parameters expected t o be important f o r selection of a s i te

suitable f o r the SSC w i l l be defined.

parameters t o be included in this evaluation i s shown i n Table

5-3.

The A / E w i l l assist the CDG i n the study of s i te

The

An example of such

40

TABLE 5-3 SSC SITE SELECTION INFORFIATIO'FJ TOPICS

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I .

GENERAL LAND DESCRIPTION 1 . Land usage 2. Configurat ion 3. Natural f e a t u r e s 4. Manmade features

1 . Temperature and humidity 2. Precipi ta t ion 3. Wind cond i t ions 4. Storm history 5. S o l a r energy

1 . Topography 2. So i l p r o p e r t i e s 3. Geology 4. Hydrology 5. Corrosion

1 . Electric power 2. Fuel sources 3. 4. Water 5. Waste d isposa l

ACCESSIBILITY 1 . Population 2. A i rpo r t s 3 . I n t e r s t a t e highways 4. S t a t e / l oca1 roads 5. Rai l road 6. Pub1 i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o n

1. Human resources 2. Housing 3 . I n d u s t r i a l base 4. Universities/coll eges 5. Cul tura l resources 6. Community support

1. Ecological d e s c r i p t i o n 2. Baseline da ta 3. Archeological record 4. Historical 1 andmarks

SAFETY CONS I DE RAT1 ONS 1 . Life support 2. Safe ty requirements 3. Local codes

LAWS AND REGULATIONS 1. Land use p o l i c i e s 2. Zoning 3. R i hts of way 4. Laser laws 5. Tax consequences

CLIMATE

GEO-TECHNICAL

UTI LIT1 ES

Tel ecommuni c a t i on

SURROUNDINGS

E N V I RONMENTAL

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Guidelines within the s i te cri teria document will provide

available s i te related information including required area,

size, capacity o r other parameters required for the SSC.

S i t i n g criteria will be developed and reviewed by the Central

Design Group and Department of Energy (DOE) staff and will be

i n p u t f o r the Request f o r Proposal (RFP) i n s o l i c i t i n g

candidate sites.

A Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) will be

prepared. The GEIS i s a useful tool in the environmental

assessment of broad-based act ions o r related groups of act ions

t h a t agencies are likely t o approve, f u n d o r directly

undertake.

being more general or conceptual in nature. For the SSC

Pro,ject, the GEIS will set f o r t h conditions, cri teria o r

thresholds under which the s i te specific Draft EIS's will be

prepared. The s i te criteria identified above will be used i n

preparation of the GEIS.

The GEIS differs from the s i te specific EIS by

In addition t o s i te related issues, consideration must be given

i n FY85 t o the methods f o r p r o v i d i n g appropriate beam housing

I tunnel enclosures) for the accelerator systems. The Reference

Design Study showed t h a t the collider tunnel and i t s surface

penetrations constitute a large f r ac t ion of the t o t a l SSC

cost. Accordingly an SSC Tunnel Technology Review Panel of

recognized experts i n this field has been formed t o advise the

42

CDG as t o R&D directions appropriate t o possible reductions of

tunnel construction costs. Studies i n this area are

anticipated i n FY85.

An important issue related t o accelerator operations i n tunnel

enclosures i s t h a t of personnel safety d u r i n g operations of

1 arge cryogenic systems. Studies i n v o l v i n g tunnel experts,

cryogenic engineers, and physicists expert i n safety matters

w i l l be undertaken.

5.2.4 Central Design Group Program. The CDG has the responsibility

for organiz ing , pl anni ng and coordinating a1 1 Research &

Development fo r the SSC Phase I program. Efforts f o r the

magnet program i n FY85 will involve largely the coord ina t ion of

programs a t existing laboratories together w i t h the detailed

p l a n n i n g f o r the selection of a magnet style. I n the area of

accelerator physics studies, the CDG staff will play a central

role w i t h assistance of personnel from other institutions.

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optimized 1 att ice (arrangement of deflecting and focusing

magnets) tha t will contain the SSC stored beam i n a manner t h a t

will ensure the design luminosity and will provide optimum

performance f o r experiments.

aperture of magnet elements w i 11 be establ i shed using

e

The required field qual i ty and

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d,

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analytical methods, computer tracking programs, and where

possible, experiments on exi sting accelerators.

a1 1 owed magnet mu1 t i pol e errors wi 1 1 be determi ned together

w i t h o r b i t correction schemes and an understanding of potential

misalignment errors.

qua l i ty w i t h aperture will be developed i n order t o provide

flexibility f o r the magnet designers and more accurate

comparative cost estimates.

The maximum

Also a program for the scaling of field

These investigations will include techniques for maintaining

small emittance, the determination of the effects of RF noise,

and the growth time of various beam instabilities.

maintain the qua l i ty of h i g h current stored beams, the

poten t ia l for beam instabilities must be fully understood and

methods prescribed f o r their elimination o r control.

In order t o

A n Aperture Workshop conducted i n November 1984 involved 40

accelerator physicists from throughout the U. S.and Europe. The

workshop served t o identify the accelerator physics

relevant t o aperture determination as well as a plan

continued studies during FY85. Part of the plan cal

improving the calculational tool s. Various computer

s u e s

f o r

s f o r

analysis

codes are being updated. More effective organization and

coordination will be required of relevant computer codes t o

perform the many consecutive calculations, involving a large

number of inter-related parameters, t h a t are required i n the

44

l a t t i ce optimization.

improved t o involve h i g h order systematic and random multipoles

as well as survey and excitation errors. Many existing

programs are now being prepared for utilization on the CRAY

computer system a t LLNL fo r improved speed and efficiency.

With these enhanced calculational tool s, an active program will

be pursued i n the f i r s t h a l f of FY85 t h a t will provide a

theoretical prescription f o r the design aperture.

O r b i t t r ack ing programs are being

One of the most important goals of the FY85 program i s the

selection of a magnet style f o r the SSC.

from existing programs i s of prime importance, the selection

process, which i s aimed a t the opt imum cost-effective design

f o r the SSC, may determine a style which i s somewhat different

from the specific current designs.

development process the CDG w i l l involve Task Forces o r Review

Panels i n the fo l lowing areas:

While the information

In g u i d i n g the magnet

Cost Estimating

Magnet Systems Operations

Aperture Requirements

Photodeso rp t i on Effects

Vacuum Envelope Impedance

Tunnel i ng Methods

Ragnet Systems Test Facil i t y ( S t r i n g Test!

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0

One of the f i r s t of these studies has involved the SSC Magnet

Technical Review Panel. T h i s 1 2 member panel was appointed by

the SSC Director on October 8, 1984. This panel i s charged t o

provide a technical review of each of the ongoing

superconducting magnet R&D programs, t o summarize the progress

i n FY84, review plans for FY85, and t o make suggestions fo r

enhancing the programs t o meet the objective of making a magnet

style selection a t the earliest practical 4ate.

The Magnet Technical Review panel met five times d u r i n g October

and November a t the Brookhaven National Laboratory ( B N L ) , Fermi

National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory ( L B L ) , and the Texas Accelerator Center ( T A C ) . Details for each program may be found i n the report of this

Panel.

arrive a t a preliminary basis f o r magnet style selection w h i c h

would, i n t u r n , help g u i d e the R&D programs. The panel has

suggested t h a t this process be based on the following selection

factors :

1.

An important result of the panel s ' deliberations was t o

Measured magnet performance from tests of models relative

to:

( a ) Reliability

( b ) Field qual i ty

( c )

! d ) Quench behavior, t r a i n i n g experience, etc.

Reproducibility of design (considering required to1 erances and p1 anned manufacturing processes 1

46

e

( e )

( f ) Mechanical s tabi l i t y and vibrational behavior

( g ) Heat Leakage

( h ) Cool-down and warm-up times

Cycling behavior (magnetic and thermal

2. Operational efficiency and cost considerations ( re la t ive t o

alignment, replacement, quench recovery, radiation effects ,

beam tune-up, e t c )

Relative cost of en t i r e accelerator f a c i l i t y d u r i n g

construction and operation periods ( a t same effect ive beam

aperture for a l l magnet types).

F lex ib i l i ty of future phy.sics program permitted by magnet

type character is t ics .

3 .

4.

5 . Relative technical and financial exposure d u r i n g

construction and operating periods due to indeterminate

( l a t e n t ) character is t ics inherent i n each magnet type.

As described i n Section 5.2.2 the Basic Magnet Type Evaluation

Panel will make i t s evaluations a n d recommendation based on

consideration o f the three major areas:

charac te r i s t ics , potential r e l i a b i l i t y and cost. Following

Basic Magnet Type selection, the CDG and participating

laboratories will focus on developing the magnet design. An

operational

important par t of this program will be systems t e s t s .

A Task Force on the Magnet Systems Test S i t e was appointed by

the CDG director i n August 1984. T h i s Task Force met a t BNL,

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5.3

SLAC, and FNAL d u r i n g September and October, 1984. Their

detai 1 ed report (SSC-SR-1001) was provided i n October 1984.

The report concludes t h a t BNL and FNAL could provide the

necessary basic facil i t ies and attendant manpower required for

the SSC magnet systems tests. The final selection and planning

of this f a c i l i t y will be a p a r t o f the COG effort i n FY85.

Implementation i s expected t o begin i n FY86.

The FY86-87 Plan.

In the area of SSC Technical Systems, the magnet program will remain

as the largest effort; however, other accelerator systems for the

SSC i n c l u d i n g the injection accelerators wi l l become a more

substantial part of the t o t a l program.

Before the beg inn ing o f FY86 i t i s planned t h a t the various

considerations f o r magnet design will have been narrowed t o a single

op t imum magnet style. Efforts will be focused on perfecting this

design and producing a number of f u l l size prototype units.

Appropriate industrial involvement will be pursued i n this task.

After rigorous i n d i v i d u a l tests of magnets fo r field qual i t y and

performance, a system of magnets w i l l be tested (the string tes t ) a t

one of the existing laboratory sites.

t e s t i s t o generate and answer questions t h a t arise concerning those

aspects of the SSC design t h a t apply t o relatively large groups of

magnets as opposed t o single magnet tests.

The purpose of the string

In a d d i t i o n t o being

48

used for system design and tes t , the S t r i n g Test F a c i l i t y will also

be used t o perform l i f e tests on magnets and other accelerator

components. The resulting information will be used t o develop and

verify designs i n the following systems:

Magnet Systems Magnet Cryogenics Power Suppl i es Quench Detection and Protection Controls Vacuum Correction Coils Safety

I n FY86 the SSC program will also include engineering studies o f

quadrupoles and other special units such as correction element

spools, in j ec t ion system magnets, and insertion region magnet

elements.

above) wi l l enable Development efforts t o be intensified on the

associated cryogenic systems. This includes the relatively large

refrigeration p lan ts and the overall cryogenic distribution

systems. Studies will be aimed t o achieve maximum system

re1 i a b i l i ty and minimum c a p i t a l and operational costs.

The determination o f the dipole magnet style (noted

An important effort wi l l begin i n FY86 fo r development of an optimum

injection system f o r the SSC storage r ing .

of the injected beam w i l l have been established i n concert w i t h the

determination o f the storage ring la t t ice a n d magnet

characteristics.

The desired parameters

The injection system i s currently visualized as a

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sequence of three accelerators; a 1 Gev linac, a low energy booster

synchroton (-70 Gev)and a h i g h energy booster w i t h a energy of

1 TeV. Studies will determine the opt imum energy and beam

characteristics of each o f these injector accelerator systems.

will begin on the overall la t t ice system for b o t h booster

accelerators and the requi red magnet parameters.

the h i g h energy booster a program will be inaugurated t o provide

prototype models of the superconducting magnet designs.

Work

In particul a r f o r

Other technical systems o f the main storage r ing will be studied t o

insure t h a t appropriate designs can be achieved. These include the

overall Vacuum Systems, Power Supplies Systems, Radio Frequency

System, Abort System, Beam Diagnostic System,

Control Systems, and Safety Systems. I t i s expected t h a t the system

design phi!osophy f o r the computer control systems will be planned

a t an early stage. Components for the control system as well a s f o r

beam instrumentation may be tested a t existing accelerators i n order

t o achieve state-of-the-art designs w i t h proven reliability.

Instrumentation and

F ina l ly , as specific design concepts evolve for the various

accelerator system, studies will be undertaken t o understand and

project the overall operational reliability and performance of the

5e

SSC. For example, techniques fo r rapidly changing o r repairing

magnets must be considered and developed.

The Conventional Fac i l i t i e s a c t i v i t i e s i n FY86 will be directed

toward completing the Conceptual Design Report. Re1 ated work

involves design concepts f o r accelerator systems tunnel s and beam

enclosures, power system, f i re protection systems, communications,

drainage, and cooling water systems.

A master plan fo r the layout of the central off ice , research

of f ices , laboratories, assembly b u i l d i n g s and warehouse f a c i l i t i e s

will be developed together w i t h appropriate s t ructures fo r housing

refr igerator systems, R.F. systems, power systems, and various

suppor t f a c i l i t i e s . Roads and transportation systems will be of

s ignif icant importance t o b o t h the construction and operation o f a

r i n g on the s ize scale of the SSC.

construction methods and an optimized construction schedule will be

an important p a r t of the Conventional Faci l i ty e f f o r t i n FY87.

The de ten ina t ion of

The determination of the SSC l a t t ce system and insertion regions

will a l low the conceptual designs of the experimental area

s t ructures to be developed.

w i t h plans for experimental detectors. The detector systems w i l l be

large and complex and will require s ign i f icant Research &

Development e f fo r t s by High Energy Physics research groups i n FY86

and FY87.

T h i s e f f o r t must proceed i n concert

51

a

0

0

c

0

a

a

a

6.0 PROGRAM SCHEDULE

The program schedule for major elements of the RAD program i s shown in

Figure 6-1. The associated program milestones are tabulated i n Table 5-1.

The accelerator theory group ac t iv i t i e s are a critical p o i n t of the early

R&D program.

(instabil i t ies, etc.) and performance, one of the most impor tan t tasks i n

the determination of the required aperture fo r the storage r ing.

information and associated magnet costs are vital da ta f o r the magnet type

selection. After the magnet selection, work will be directed toward

optimizing a l l accelerator systems parameters, i n c l u d i n g the injector, as

required fo r the Conceptual Design Report.

In conjunction w i t h studies of beam limitations

This

The Injection System Group will study a number of possible injections

schemes. After magnet selection, the appropriate system will be optimized

w i t h respect t o projected performance and reliability and described i n the

CDR.

One of the f i r s t tasks of the Accelerator Systems Group i s t o provide

detailed information regarding accelerator operations requirements. A n

operations task force will issue a report i n Apr i l 1985. This data will

be utilized i n the magnet type selection process.

work will be directed t o studies o f cryogenic, vacuum, power supplies,

R.F. Systems, Beam instrumentation, and control systems i n preparation for

the CDR. Prototype tests of developmental components will be conducted i n

FY86 and FY87.

After magnet selection,

52

e

Devel opment programs for Superconducting magnets have been in progress

a t BNL, LBL, FNAL and TAC d u r i n g FY84. By agreement w i t h the CDG, these

programs are now focused on p r o v i d i n g information on a variety of magnet

designs t h a t might be appropriate f o r the SSC.

models are being fabricated, tested, and evaluated. T h i s data, together

w i t h other information noted above, w i l l be used t o select the optimum

magnet type f o r the SSC during the l a s t quarter of FY85.

selection there w i l l be an intense development program together w i t h

fabrication of a number of prototype magnets. These will be thoroughly

tested in a system which closely simulates actual operating conditions.

The system tests a r e projected t o begin a t the start o f FY87.

Developmental magnet

After

The f i r s t task of the

cri teria document o f the SSC. An A/E firm has been se’lected t o assist

Conventional System Group i s t o develop a s i te

1985. Afterwards efforts will be

Conceptual Design Report. Select

i s currently i n progress. Beyond

i n the effort. The final report will be presented t o DOE in April

directed toward preparation of the

on of an A / E firm for these a c t i v i t

the CDR effort the s tar t of T i t

planned fo r December 1986 a t the time of s i t e selection. T h i s w i

t o provide an orderly and and efficient construction s tar t a t the

beginning of FY88.

0

e

e es

e I i s

1 help

The program schedule i s geared t o accomplish the required research and

development over a 3 year period prior t o a construction s ta r t i n FY

1988.

the next section.

The associated projected costs f o r this program are provided in

53

e 8 e e a e 0 e 0 e

Ln P

FIGURE 6-1 S S C PHASE I SCHEDULE

n x o m

UACiflS18

1. JXCTOI

I I T m k Force Import D.81#0 I A l AI I A 1

I I Eeteblleb Caplet. I ?roaram Laboretory ? r o r r u kra*t

I 1 I I

I I I I

I I I I

A 4 I I I I I 1 I

I I I I I I I I I E:::: * I I atu4i.a ttqamt typ. I I

1 I I 1 I I I I

Cooc.ptcul Start S y a t e r 0ptlmi.a l o r

A A A

I I I I I I I I

e

TABLE 6-1

PHASE I PROGRAM MILESTONES

e

Date

Oct 1984

-

Nov 1984

Apr 1985

Apr 1985

Jul 1985+

Dec 1985

Feb 1986

Mar 1986

Oct 1986

Dec 1986

Jun 1987

Aug 1987

Oct 1987

I tern

Define Selection Criteria and Technical Information needed for Magnet Selection

Established Primary SSC Design Features and SSC Phase I Program Plan Objectives

* Site Parameters Document Review Magnet Development Program

* Magnet Design Type Selection Preliminary Conceptual Design

Start Pre-Production Prototype Magnets

* Conceptual Design Report (non-site specific) and Other Documentation

Magnet System Test Begins

* Site Selection by DOE Report on Systems Tests

Recommended SSC Phase I1 Management and Procurement Plans Partial Title I Design Report

* SSC Construction Start (NTP)

01 88S-45

* Denotes Primary Milestone Selection to be made during the last quarter o f FY85.

0

e

e

e

0

0

*

e 55

7. PROGRAM COSTS

A p r e l i m i n a r y c o s t est imate f o r Phase I a c t i v i t i e s i s prov ided i n

Table 7-1.

o f t h e program, FY 1985 - FY 1987; t h e SSC t o t a l R&D c o s t i s est imated a t $94M.

represent t h e t o t a l s requ i red f o r necessary s t a f f i n g l e v e l s ,

equipment support, m a t e r i a l s and component purchases, and r e l e v a n t

f a b r i c a t i o n s . The c o s t est imates r e f l e c t t h e scope and schedule

accomplishments t h a t each a c t i v i t y must achieve i n o rder f o r t h e

o v e r a l l program goals t o be met.

The costs have been est imated f o r each o f t h e t h r e e years

The cos ts i n d i c a t e d are i n FY 1985 d o l l a r s and

The Phase I R&D program descr ibed above covers t h e p e r i o d FY

1985-87.

i n t o FY 1988; the major o b j e c t i v e o f which w i l l be t o demonstrate t h e

p r e d i c t e d magnet product ion r a t e and y i e l d us ing t h e t o o l i n g and

exper ience developed d u r i n g the f i r s t th ree years.

t h i s c o s t est imate may change as d e t a i l s o f t h e R&D program evolve

together w i t h actual annual budgets. The program p l a n w i l l be

updated t o r e f l e c t these c o n d i t i o n s as requi red.

It i s a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t a s t rong R&D program w i l l cont inue

The s p e c i f i c s o f

56

TABLE 7-1

SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER PROJECTED R&D COSTS - PHASE I (M$)

Program Tot a1

- SSC Program - Accelerator Related Programs

(by Funding Category)

FY85 -E-

20 5

FY86 28 -

20 8

FY87 - 66 - -

59 16

Program Total (by Accelerator System)

- Central Design Group - Conventional Facilities - Accelerator Systems

General Studies Supercon Magnets Cryo-Refrigeration Vacuum Power Supplies R.F. Systems Injection Systems Abort Instrumentation/Controls Safety System

4.3 1 .o

19.7 0.5 18.4 0.5 0.3

-

5.5

2 .O 20.5 0.5

18.0 0.5 0.3 0.2

-

- 0.6 - 0.4 -

10 .o 5 .O

51 .O 1 .o 40.0 5 .O 0.5 0.5 0.3 2 .o 0.5 1 .o 0.3

-

I)

0102s

57

4

4

A P P E N D I X A

S S C RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT T O P I C S

(I

4

4

5a.

(I

APPENDIX A

SSC Research and Development Topics

1 .O Technical Program Tasks

1.1. Program Management

- Organize and Plan the SSC Program - Supervise and d i rec t the SSC Program. - Coordinate R&D a c t i v i t i e s w i t h participatory laboratories

and institutions - Prepare the project proposal and Conceptual Design Report - Prepare a1 1 required documentation incl u d i ng qual i ty

assurance and safety analysis reports - Report t o URA and DOE as .required

1 . 2 Accelerator Theory

1.2.1 Calculations and Studies - Study the dynamic aperture by numerical and analytical

methods and correlate the results w i t h the mu1 t ipole content o f magnets.

- Study models of pers is tent current e f f ec t s and the i r correction including trade-offs w i t h injection energy.

- Refine and optimize the l a t t i c e , including interaction region variants, and study chromatic aberration compensation.

consequences for beam-beam e f fec t , backgrounds, and provision fo r low intensi ty t e s t beams.

- Develop c r i t e r i a for systems tolerances (e.g. power supply s t a b i l i t y and ripple, e tc . ) .

- Determine working points i n tune space. - Beam loss studies: energy deposition; consequences of

uncontrolled beam loss, etc . - Study requirements for slow beam extraction. - Study implications of te r ra in following.

- Study interaction region clustering, including

59

1.2 .2 Development of Improved Computational Methods

- Extend the study of col lect ive e f fec ts , including the improvement o f impedance estimates, w i t h wake-field codes.

- Develop improved computational methods i n nonlinear dynamics to permit longer term tracking i n real time, e w i t h the inclusion of the beam-beam e f fec t , and the long

range beam-beam ef fec t w i t h crossing angle.

e

1.2.3 Investigations on E x i s t i n g Accelerators - Investigate, u s i n g exi s t i n g synchrotrons and col1 i ders,

par t ic le l i fe t imes i n superconducting rings, dynamic apertures, beam-beam ef fec ts , crossing angle e f f ec t s ,

and mu1 ti-bunch operation.

- Investigate methods o f bean control t o provide adequate s t a b i l i t y a t the interaction points i n the presence of possible vibrations and other sources o f ins tab i l i ty .

e

8

1.3 Accelerator Systems Design

- Develop the conceptual design f o r the SSC - Investigate design options - - Integrate the technical systems

I n i t i a t e generic design studies, as required

60

e

0

2.0 S i te and Conventional Faci 1 i t i e s

2.1

2.2

2.3

Development of S i te Cri ter ia

- Outline the technical needs of the SSC f a c i l i t y . - Determine the range o f acceptable physical, mechanical and

u t i 1 i t i e s parameters f o r possible sites.

Generic A/E Stud ies

- - Undertake environmental, and safety analysis studies. -

In i t i a t e parametric studies fo r design optimization.

Study the implications of te r ra in following.

Geo tec h n i c a 1 S t u d i e s

- Do on-site investigations of the physical character is t ics , i ncl u d i ng prel iminary mappi ng and s i te summaries as requi red.

2.4 Conceptual Design Studies

- Study the possible configurations of conventional construction f a c i l i t i e s on candidate s i t e s .

information f o r final candidate s i t e s . - Prepare d ra f t environmental impact and safety analysis

2.5 Indus t r i a1 Contracts

- Study methods of economical t u n n e l construction - Arrange f o r consultant he lp from A/E firms.

67

3.0 1n.iector Svstems

3.1 General Injector Studies

- Determine injected beam requirements fo r f i n a l main ring des i gn .

- Optimize parameters for each of the injector accelerators. - Investigate the modifications required t o operate for bp

col 1 i d i ng beams. Investigate the modif icat ions required t o operate f o r detector testing. Investigate the design necessary t o yield low emittances

-

-

3 . 2 Linac

- Optimize the transition energies for the various types of accel erati ng structures i n the L i nac. Investigate various r ad io frequency quadrupole (RFQ) structures.

- Investigate various h i g h velocity structures - SCL, Disk and Washer, A n n u l a r coupled, on-axis coupled, etc.

- Develop higher efficiency RF sources i n the frequency range

-

of 200-500 MHz.

3 .3 Low Enerav Booster ( L E B )

0

- Develop r i n g magnet designs. - Develop faster, stronger kickers and improved septum

magnets. - Develop lower impedance beam monitors and other devices t o

be installed inside the beam pipe. - Investigate cost/performance of superconducting vs. normal

copper coi l magnets.

0

e

62

0

0

0

0

e

e

3.4 High Energy Booster ( H E B )

- Develop r i n g magnet des ign and associated cryogenic systems. - Demonstrate t h a t superconducting magnet polarity can be

reversed i n a sat isfactory manner. - Develop superconducting septum magnets. - Develop the design f o r slow beam extraction.

4.0 Collider Ring Systems

4.1 General Studies

- Test systems of magnets t o determine system behavior. - Verify instal la t ion and leak checking techniques, including

devel opment of re1 ated tool i ng and we1 d i ng machines. - Develop accurate, labor-efficient methods fo r ins ta l la t ion ,

survey and magnet alignment. - Analyze major causes of magnet quenches induced by the beam

including those due t o operator e r ror and develop ’ appropriate controls. - Develop feedback techniques t o keep small beam bunches i n

col l is ion. - Analyze the causes of downtime on exis t ing accelerators

w i t h a view to achieving greater r e l i a b i l i t y i n the SSC.

4.2 Superconducting Magnets

4.2.1 Superconductor

- Develop commercial production capabi l i ty of NbTi w i t h the highest possible value of Jc. Investigate the production of superconducting filaments of small diameters.

- Develop a rigorous program of short sample tes t ing for the c r i t i ca l current density of the superconducting wire and cable which will obviate the need fo r cryogenic tes t ing of every magnet.

-

63

4.2.2 Cabl ing

- Develop methods t o extend t o larse quantities the industrial production of NbTi cable w i t h higher cri t ical

current density. Investigate i nnovati ve cab1 i ng approaches i ncl udi ng

i nsul a t i o n and incorporate any improvements i n t o 1 arge scale cable production.

- Develop cable making techniques t h a t minimize the degradation due t o the cabling and keystoning

operations, including the investigation of post-cabling heat treatment for recovery of Jc.

- Determine a reasonable allowance for degradation of Jc i n cabling.

- Develop methods t o correct fo r the effects of persistent currents a t low magnetic fields, including b o t h sel f-energized and externally energized correction coil

systems. - Demonstrate the feasibi l i ty of using dry w i n d i n g

techniques w i t h a collapsible mandrel fo r forming the

coils i n a collared coil design.

-

a

e

e

64

4 . 2 . 3 Magnet Research and Development

e

0

e

0

a

a

0

I)

Investigate the behavior of aluminum collars, and the cost/benefit of using more aluminum parts. Optimize the cold-mass support structure w i t h respect t a heat leak and t o s tabi l i ty under expansion and contraction, particularly f o r very long magnets. Investigate characteristics and techniques of superi nsul a t i on. Make heat-load measurements on magnets, spool pieces, cryogenic valves and o%her components. Design optimized thermal shields t o eliminate d i s t o r t i o n due t o thermal gradients. Develop procedures t o measure the a1 ignment of the magnetic field. Develop techniques for more complete determination of magnet characteristics from roam temperature measurements, and f o r relating the measurements t o cryogenic measurements done on a sampl i n g basis. Develop magnet t e s t equipment and methods for r a p i d and economical measurements of magnetic fields i n small aperture, long magnets t o accuracies of about Develop accurate, 1 abor-efficient methods f o r internal magnet alignment, i s retai ned d u r i n g cool -down. Investigate eddy current forces on the heat shields and helium p i p i n g inside the cryostat of the no-iron magnet under rap id quench conditions. Develop q u a l i t y assurance procedures f o r a l l stages of manufacture. Develop mass-production methods for winding the dipole correc ti on el emen t s . Design, construct, and t e s t a series o f model magnets. Devel op too l i n g that i s appropriate t o produci ng magnets a t the required rate.

including verification t h a t alignment

65

Develop r o b o t i c s t o reduce l a b o r c o s t s i n f a b r i c a t i o n

and i n s t a l l a t i o n of magnets.

Cons t ruc t a s i g n i f i c a n t number of ful l - l e n g t h "proof"

magnets, us ing actual product ion t o o l s and procedures , a t high product ion r a t e s . Prepare the r e f r i g e r a t o r and cryogenic system f o r a

s t r i n g l i s t .

Test u p t o a k i lome te r long s t r i n g of superconduct ing

magnets.

E s t a b l i s h c r i t e r i a f o r e v a l u a t i o n of c y c l i c f a t i g u e .

I n v e s t i g a t e va r ious quadrupole op t ions t o determi ne the most economical design.

Devel op speci a1 superconduct i ng magnets, such as high g r a d i e n t quadrupoles and l a r g e bore d i p o l e s f o r the i n t e r a c t i o n reg ions .

Develop procedures t o repair, retest and c e r t i f y magnets. Develop hand1 i ng techniques f o r very long magnets.

rep laced , such a s obse rva t ion o f low quench current, v o l t a g e t a p monitor ing, or pickup loop vol t a g e monitor ing. Develop procedures f o r the t r a n s f e r of superconduct ing magnet techno1 ogy t o industry, i ncl u d i ng development o f too l i ng.

Develop procedures t o i d e n t i f y magnets t h a t have t o be *

0

0

a

4 . 3

4.4

C ry oge n i c s /Ref r i ge ra t i on

Investigate the re1 i a b i l i ty/repai rabi 1 i ty of col d turbocompressors as cryogenic pumps . Develop cryogenic valves of low heat leak, h i g h r e l i a b i l i t y , and low cost. Develop methods of construction for low heat-leak he1 i u m transfer lines a t an economical cost. Study the operating experience of the Tevatron cryogenic system w i t h a view t o improvements i n efficiency and re1 i ab i 1 i ty . Optimize and test a model recooler. Investigate and optimize screw compressor efficiencies. Develop efficient and expeditious purification techniques f o r the He refrigeration .system. Develop a computer simulation of cryogenic systems.

Vacuum

Measure the desorption due t o synchrotron radiation, of hydrogen and other gases from cryogenic beam tubes. Develop leak detectors and techniques w i t h sensitivities of order lo-” torr /sec, on b o t h warm and cold systems. Develop and test devices fo r making the beam tube wal l s and bellows electromagnetically smooth t o reduce the long i tud ina l impedance. Verify the absence of beam induced mu1 t i pac to r i ng i n materials exposed t o the proton beam. Identify, (using computational methods) ,those particular condi t ions o f bunch spacing and bunch intensity under which trapped stable electron orbits exist i n the beam tube. Develop suitable cold valves f o r vacuum i so la t ion and leak detection purposes and carry o u t an opt imiza t ion study t o determine the minimum number o f valves needed.

67

4.5 0

4.6

4.7

4.8

Main Power SuDDlies/Ouench Protection

- Develop a simple and fail-safe dynamic quench protection system. Investigate passive quench protection as a means of achieving potentially less expensive and more reliable

systems.

Investigate the regulation and tracking of multiple

independent power supplies t o one p a r t i n - Calculate and measure transmission line modes of magnet

systems. - Develop reliable h i g h current power leads f o r cryogenic use.

-

-

Correction Element Power SudDlies

- Investigate the regulation and t r a c k i n g of independent power supplies.

- Optimize power supply distribution and connections, i ncl udi ng mu1 ti p l e-1 ead feedthrough.

- Study external vs. internal (cryogenic) connection of series elements.

RF Systems

- Identify the most cost effective operating frequency and type o f RF equipment.

- Compute the expected SSC impedances i n detail and the rise times of the various modes.

Injection Systems

- Investigate superconducting septum magnets.

a

c

68 a

4.9 Abort Systems

- Design and simulate abort systems t o a r r i v e a t an optimal conf igurat ion.

- Study beam loss phenomena and t h e i r e f f e c t s on superconduc ti ng magnets.

4.10 Beam Instrumentation

- Invest igate superconduc,ing amp1 appl icat ions.

Fiers f o r use , n special

- Develop special beam instrumentation, such as Schottky scan e lect ron ics, f l y i n g wires, etc.

4.11 Control s

- Develop mu7 t i - l e v e l con t ro l system network designs. - Analyze and t e s t experimental ly whether e lec t ron i cs can be

' placed i n the tunnel w i t h ou t r a d i a t i o n shielding. - Analyze and develop redundant con t ro l systems.

4.12 Safetv Svstems

- Conduct cost /safety study o f e x i t spacings. - Analyze safety systems f o r operations.

69

Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Phase 1 Objectives: - - - -