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Superconducting Integrated Terahertz SpectrometerSuperconducting Integrated Terahertz SpectrometerSuperconducting Integrated Terahertz Spectrometer Superconducting Integrated Terahertz Spectrometer for Atmosphere Monitoring and Radio Astronomyfor Atmosphere Monitoring and Radio Astronomy

Valery Koshelets, Pavel Dmitriev, Andrey Ermakov, Lyudmila Filippenko, A d Kh d h k Ni k l Ki Ol Ki lAndrey Khudchenko, Nickolay Kinev, Oleg Kiselev,

Irina Lapitskaya, Alexander Sobolev, Mikhail Torgashin, Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia

in collaboration withSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, the Netherlands

Superconducting Integrated Terahertz Spectrometer Superconducting Integrated Terahertz Spectrometer f At h M it i d R di A tf At h M it i d R di A tfor Atmosphere Monitoring and Radio Astronomyfor Atmosphere Monitoring and Radio Astronomy

OutlineS d ti I t t d R i (SIR)• Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR)

• Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) for the SIR • TErahertz LImb Sounder (TELIS) project• TELIS SIR channel: design and performanceTELIS SIR channel: design and performance • First TELIS flight

F t SIR li ti• Future SIR applications • Conclusion

11-16 October, 2009 Schegolev Memorial, Chernogolovka 2

Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) with phasewith phase--locked FFOlocked FFOpp

4 K dewarSIR chipSIS mixer

SIR chip HEMT4-8 GHz IF

Processor &

Harmonic mixer

&Digital Auto

CorrelatorReference20 GHz

FFO as LO20 GHz500-650 GHz

Computer controlleddata acquisition system

HEMTSIR

i i it

4 GHz

Electronics FFO, SIS, HM control

PLL LSU

HEMT microcircuit

PLL LSU400 MHz reference


Internal part of the SIR MicrocircuitInternal part of the SIR MicrocircuitInternal part of the SIR MicrocircuitInternal part of the SIR Microcircuit

FFODouble-slot (dipole)twin SIS – 0.8 μm2 FFO

400*16 μm2μ

HM – 1.0 μm2

Nb-AlOx-Nb, Nb-AlN-NbN; Jc = 5 - 10 kA/cm2 Nb AlOx Nb, Nb AlN NbN; Jc 5 10 kA/cm

Optionally: SIS – Jc = 8 kA/cm2; FFO + HM = 4 kA/cm2


NbNb--AlOxAlOx--Nb and NbNb and Nb--AlNAlN--NbN FFO for SIRNbN FFO for SIR

400 GHz

Frequency Tuningq y g

700 GHz

JSC, VB = Vg/3

NbNb--AlNAlN--NbN SIS pumped by FFO; NbN SIS pumped by FFO; FFO frequencyFFO frequency tuningtuningFFO frequency FFO frequency tuningtuning

300 HD13-09#26 (Vg=3.7mV, Rn=21 Ohm)

250

300

200

nt (m

kA)

100

150

S C

urre

n

FFO Frequency:0 GHz

50

100

SIS 0 GHz

400 GHz 500 GHz 600 GHz700 GHz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

SIS Voltage (mV)

700 GHz


SIS Voltage (mV)

NbNb--AlNAlN--NbN SIS pumped by FFO; NbN SIS pumped by FFO; FFO t iFFO t i (f 500 GH )(f 500 GH )FFO power tuningFFO power tuning (f = 500 GHz)(f = 500 GHz)


FFOFFOFFO FFO SpectrumSpectrum

-15

-10

Experimental Data

25

-20

-15 Experimental Data Symmeterizated Data Lorentzian Gaussian

)

-30

-25

wer

(dBm

)

-40

-35

FFO

Pow

-50

-45

8431,56 431,58 431,60 431,62 431,64

FFO Frequency (GHz)

Frequency dependence of the FFO:Frequency dependence of the FFO:NbNb--AlOxAlOx--Nb and NbNb and Nb--AlNAlN--NbN circuits NbN circuits

20

15 Nb-AlN-NbN Nb-AlOx-Nb

MH

z)

10

new

idth

(M5

FFO

Lin

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 7500

9FFO Frequency (GHz)

11-16 October, 2009 Schegolev Memorial, Chernogolovka

FL and PL spectra of the FFO :FL and PL spectra of the FFO :frequencyfrequency 660055 GHzGHz;; LW =LW = 1 7 MHz; SR = 92 %1 7 MHz; SR = 92 %frequencyfrequency 660055 GHzGHz; ; LW =LW = 1.7 MHz; SR = 92 %1.7 MHz; SR = 92 %

-30

-25

-20

Span - 100 MHz

Resolution

m)

Phase locked at 605 GHz (SR = 92 %)

Frequency locked

45

-40

-35

30 Resolution Bandwidth - 1 MHz

t Pow

er (d

Bm Frequency locked

Linewidth = 1.7 MHz

-55

-50

-45

IF O

utpu

t

20

0Spectrum analyzerResolution Banwidth RBW 1 H

360 380 400 420 440-60

Down-converted FFO Frequency (MHz) -40

-20

er (d

Bm

)

RBW = 1 Hz

-80

-60Po

we

11-16 October, 2009 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50-100

Offset from carrier (Hz)

Development of the pIntegrated Spectrometer for TELIS

(TErahertz LImb Sounder)

Valery Koshelets, Lyudmila Filippenko, Pavel Dmitriev, Andrey Ermakov, Andrey Khudchenko Nickolay Kinev Oleg Kiselev

(TErahertz LImb Sounder)

Andrey Khudchenko, Nickolay Kinev, Oleg Kiselev, Alexander Sobolev, Mikhail Torgashin,

Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia

Pavel Yagoubov, Gert de Lange, Hans Golstein, Leo de Jong, Arno de Lange, Bart van Kuik, Ed de Vries, Johaness Dercksen,

Ruud Hoogeveen, Avri SelegSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research the NetherlandsSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, the Netherlands

Nopporn Suttiwong, Georg Wagner, Manfred Birk (PI)Institute for Remote Sensing Technology DLR GermanyInstitute for Remote Sensing Technology, DLR, Germany


TELIS (Terahertz Limb Sounder)TELIS (Terahertz Limb Sounder)

TELIS Objectives:TELIS Objectives:• Measure many species for

atmospheric science:ClO, BrO, O3, HCl, HOCl, etc;- Chemistry, Transport, Climate

• Serve as a test platform for new sensors

• Serve as validation tool for future satellite missions

• Three independent frequency channels, cryogenic heterodyne receivers:

Balloon-Borne TELIS Instrument

– 500 GHz by RAL– 500-650 GHz by SRON-IREE

( )11-16 October, 2009 Schegolev Memorial, Chernogolovka 12

– 1.8 THz by DLR (PI)

SIR Mixer Block with ShieldsSIR Mixer Block with Shields


Noise Temperature of the Flight SIR Noise Temperature of the Flight SIR (DSB)(DSB)

Water lineWater line557 GHz


SIR Noise Temperature SIR Noise Temperature on Intermediate Frequency and SIS Biason Intermediate Frequency and SIS Biason Intermediate Frequency and SIS Biason Intermediate Frequency and SIS Bias


SIR Stability:SIR Stability: Allan variance testAllan variance test

SISPower meterIF amp

FFO

SISBP filter


SIR Spectral Resolution

Deconvolved spectrum of the OCS emission lines at a gas pressure 2.6 mBar.

LO f 601 GHLO frequency 601 GHz.

Two strong lines are saturated; weaker linessaturated; weaker lines

are not saturated isotopes.

The lines are detected,The lines are detected, one in the LSB, the other

one in the USB


Amplitude and phase APBAmplitude and phase APBof the SIR with cold opticsof the SIR with cold opticsof the SIR with cold opticsof the SIR with cold optics

40-80.00

-72.00

-64.00

20

mm

-56.00

-48.00

-40.00

-32.00

-24.00

-16.00

8 000

40 -180.0

-120.0-20

0

Verti

cal s

can, -8.000

0

20

n, m

m

-60.00

0

60.00

120.0

180.0-40 -20 0 20 40-40

-20

0

Verti

cal s

can

Horizontal scan, mm

Amplitude

-40 -20 0 20 40-40

Horizontal scan, mm

11-16 October, 2009 Schegolev Memorial, Chernogolovka 18Phase

SIR for TELIS SIR for TELIS –– remote operationremote operationFFO frequency of about 500 GHz

10

12 FFO frequency of about 500 GHz

6

8

linew

idth

, Hz

0

2

4

FFO

1,030 1,032 1,034 1,036 1,0380

FFO voltage, mV

19

TELISTELIS SIR M i P tSIR M i P tTELISTELIS--SIR Main ParametersSIR Main Parameters(parameters determined by digital correlator are in parentheses)

Input frequency range, GHz 500 – 650 ГГцMinimum noise temperature in the range (DSB), K 120 КOutput IF range, GHz 4-8 (5-7) ГГцSpectral resolution, MHz < 1 (2) МГцLO f t MH < 300 МГLO frequency net, MHz < 300 МГцDissipated power at 4.2 K stage, mW < 30 мВтOperation temperature K < 4 5 КOperation temperature, K < 4.5 К

11-16 October, 2009 20Schegolev Memorial, Chernogolovka

Esrange Space CenterSpace Center ,

Kiruna, Sweden, 67.5oN, 21.1oE; , ;

March 2009


TELIS (Terahertz Limb Sounder)( )

TELIS-MIPAS at Esrange, Sweden; March 2009

Balloon size: 400 000 m3; Payload weight: 1 200 kg

Altitude: 40 km (max); Duration: 12 hours


Flight trajectory (predicted)Flight trajectory (predicted)

Flight profile (actual)Flight profile (actual)Flight profile (actual)Flight profile (actual)

11-16 October, 2009 23Schegolev Memorial, Chernogolovka

Frequencies and substances Frequencies and substances selected for the first TELIS flightselected for the first TELIS flightselected for the first TELIS flightselected for the first TELIS flight

## FFO Frequency GHz Substances (High priority)## FFO Frequency, GHz Substances (High priority)

1 495.04 H218O

2 496.88 HDO3 505.6 BrO (ΔТ = 0.3 К !!)( )4 507.28 ClO5 515.25 O2 /pointing /pressure5 515.25 O2 /pointing /pressure6 519.25 BrO (ΔТ = 0.3 К !!)7 607 78 O isotopes7 607.78 O3 isotopes8 619.1 HCl (HOCl, ClO)


Spectra measured at limbSpectra measured at limb--soundingsounding

FFO Freq = 495 GHz

Orbit – 30 km;

Increment – 1.5 km,

Tangent: 10.5 – 30 kmg

45 degrees up

O3

Down-converted Frequency, GHz

25

Down-converted Frequency, GHz

ClO line over time (FFO = 495 GHz)ClO line over time (FFO = 495 GHz)

Sunrise 5h08

O3 OClO3 O3ClO


Back to the Earth…Back to the Earth…


3030--cm POrtable Submillimeter Telescope (POST)cm POrtable Submillimeter Telescope (POST)Purple Mountain Observatory; Nanjing. Purple Mountain Observatory; Nanjing.

Site: Delingha of Qinghai province Site: Delingha of Qinghai province (altitude ~3200 m)(altitude ~3200 m)

Frequency - 345 GHzTr (DSB) < 100 KTr (DSB) < 100 K

Spectral resolution < 1 MHz

2 t GM t2-stage GM type; cooling capacity

– 0.1 W;

compressor – 42 kg;power consumption p p

- 1.2 kW


ESPRIT ESPRIT –– Exploratory Submm Space Exploratory Submm Space RadioRadio--Interferometric TelescopeInterferometric Telescope

• Telescope sizes ~ 3.5 meter ; off-axis• Number of elements N = 6 (15 baselines)• Projected baselines 200 - 1000 meter• Frequencies:

Spots in the range 0.5 – 6 THz p g• Front Ends - (0.5 – 1.5 THz):

SIS mixers, multiplier LO / SIR = FFO + SIS + HMSIR FFO + SIS + HM(1.5 – 6 THz) HEB mixers, QCL as LO

• System temperature < 1000 KThe six elements of • IF bandwidth > 4 GHz (goal 8 GHz)The six elements of

ESPRIT in an Ariane 5


“Millimetron” – Russian Space Agency ( > 2017)12 m cryogenic mirror; λ = 0 01 20 mm12 m cryogenic mirror; λ = 0,01- 20 mm.

Ground-spaceGround space interferometer


Medical applicationsMedical applicationsNonNon--invasive medical diagnostics invasive medical diagnostics

basedbased onon analysisanalysis of exhaled airof exhaled airbased based on on analysis analysis of exhaled airof exhaled air

• human exhalation contains up to 600 volatile compounds• some of them can be used as markers of diseases

СО Bl d di th id ti tСО Blood disease, asthma, oxidative stressNO Diseases of respiratory tract, oncologyNH Diseases of gastro-enteric tract liver kidneyNH3 Diseases of gastro-enteric tract, liver, kidneyCH4 Malabsorption of hydrocarbonsCS2 Markers of coronary arteries diseases, schizophrenia2 y pH2O2 Radiation injury, asthma


Gas Spectra Detection by FFTSGas Spectra Detection by FFTS

1,0

0,9

0,7

0,8

issi

on NH3 - 572.498 GHzP= 1 mBar

0,6

,

Tran

sm

P= 1 mBar 0.4 mBar 0.1 mBar0.02 mBar

0,5 0.002 mBar

572,3 572,4 572,5 572,60,4

Frequrency (GHz)


equ e cy (G )

Gas Spectra Detection Gas Spectra Detection -- 22

1000

1500

NH3 (p= 5*10-3 mbar)100

150 OSC (p= 2*10-3 mbar)

0

500

nsity

(mV)

0

50

nsity

(mV)

-1000

-500Inte

n

-100

-50Inte

n

572,485 572,490 572,495 572,500 572,505 572,510-1500

Frequency (GHz)571,110 571,115 571,120 571,125 571,130

-150

Frequency (GHz)


ConclusionConclusion

• Concept of the Phase-locked SIR is developed and proven.p p p• Nb-AlN-NbN FFOs and SIRs have been successfully implemented. • New generation of the SIR with PL FFO for TELIS has been developed

h i ibilit t hi ll TELIS i tshowing a possibility to achieve all TELIS requirements:Frequency range 500 – 650 GHz; Noise temperature < 150 К;IF bandwidth 4 - 8 GHz; Spectral resolution better 1 MHz; Beam Pattern - FWHM = 3 deg, with sidelobes < - 17 dB.

• Procedure for remote SIR operation has been developed and experimentally provenexperimentally proven.

• TELIS flight has been completed in March 2009 (Kiruna, Sweden).• Future space and ground-base missions are under consideration.• SIR Technology is mature enough for both future space missions

and non-invasive medical diagnostic.


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