superconductivity in electric power sector
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Presented by:-Manas Ranjan MahantaElectrical Engg. Regd.1101221009
Guided by:-Asst. Prof. Santwana Pradhan
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR
![Page 2: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Contents:-
• Introduction• Types of SC• LTS Vs HTS• Properties of SC• Energy Applications• Conclusion
![Page 3: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Introduction:-• Superconductors(SC) are materials which exhibit
zero resistivity below a certain temperature.
• The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed in mercury by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 .
• Discovery of High Temperature superconductors in 1986 reignited interest in superconducting Power application because of lower cooling costs.
![Page 4: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
What is Superconductivity?• Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in
several metals and ceramic materials cooled to temp. ranging from near abs. zero (0 K, -2730 C) to liquid nitrogen temp. ( 77 K, -1960 C), their electrical resistance drops with a jump down to zero.
• The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature (Tc).
![Page 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Types of Superconductor:-
• Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) Ex- Nb3Sn,Nb3Ge
• High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) Ex- YBCO
![Page 6: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Disadvantages of LTS:-• Critical Temperatures are Very low
• Cost of cooling is very high using Liquid Helium
• For LTS TC < 20K Advantages of HTS:-• Comparatively higher critical temperatures
• HTS show superconductivity at or above 77K
i.e. temp. of Liquid Nitrogen.
• Liquid nitrogen is 15 times cheaper than liquid
helium.
![Page 7: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Properties of Superconductors:-• Zero resistivity.• Critical temperature (Tc).• Critical magnetic field (Bc).• Critical current (Jc).
![Page 8: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Applications:-
• Superconducting transmission line cables• Superconductor magnetic energy storage (SMES)• Superconducting generator• Other power applications.
![Page 9: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Transmission line cables:-
LTS Cables..
• Superconducting cable has to be cooled (nearly absolute temp -273.16 ).℃
• Cooled by liquid Helium (too expensive).
• Difficult to utilized in industrial field, such as power transmission system.
![Page 10: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
HTS Cables..
• Superconducting property about temp 70[K] .• Cooled by liquid Nitrogen [Liquid N2].
![Page 11: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Cross-sectional view of HTS cable..
![Page 12: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
![Page 13: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Advantages of superconducting cable over underground cable:-• Zero resistance • Small physical size • Reduced clearance for terminal facilities• Higher reliability • Overload capability
![Page 14: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Superconductor magnetic energy storage(SMES):-
• SMES is a device for storing and instantaneously discharging large quantities of power.
• It stores electric energy in the magnetic field generated by DC current flowing through a coiled wire.
• The SMES recharges within minutes and can repeat the charge/discharge sequence thousands of times without any degradation of the magnet.
![Page 15: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Components Of SMES System• Superconducting Coil • Power Conditioning System (PCS)• Refrigeration unit
![Page 16: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Operation Of SMES System:-
• SMES stores energy in form of magnetic field.• The magnetic field is created with the flow of DC
current.• Conversion of AC to DC in PCS .• DC Voltage charges the Superconducting Coil.• The coil discharges and acts as a source of energy
when AC network requires power.
![Page 17: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
• Superconductors have zero resistance to DC electrical current at low temperatures.
• Very low Ohmic heat dissipation. • Energy stored within the coil is given by
![Page 18: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Advantages Of SMES :-
• Time Delay during charge and discharge is quite short.
• Very High Power is available almost instantaneously.
• Loss of power is less than other storage method.• High Reliability.• Environmental friendly and highly efficient.
![Page 19: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Uses of SMES:-
• Power quality control at manufacturing plants.• Grid stability.• Power system transmission control and
stabilization.• High penetration of renewable energy sources,
such as wind and solar.
![Page 20: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Superconducting generator:-
Characteristics :-
• Rotor with the HTS field windings spinning.• The HTS field windings is cooled at 25 - 40 K
temp. range. • The field coils are cooled by a cryocooler
system using either cold gas or liquid as the heat transfer medium.
![Page 21: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Schematic Diagram Of Superconducting Generator:-
![Page 22: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Advantages:-• 50% reduced the size and weight .• Approximately 70% lower transportation costs. • Easier transportation.• Cheaper foundations and buildings.• 1% higher electrical efficiency.• Higher stability due to lower machine reactance.
![Page 23: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Disadvantages…..
• High cost.• Difficult for maintaining cryoogenic temp.
required for cooling.• Generator fails to work ,if the SC leave their
superconductivity state.
![Page 24: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Other power applications:-
1. Transformers2. Fault Current Limiters3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)4. Transportation (Maglev Trains)5. Military
• SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device)• E-Bombs
![Page 25: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Conclusion• In this era SC Generators and Energy Storage
seems to be the only solution to our ever-increasing energy demand.
• They help by ensuring good quality power and system-stability.
• SCPA is the technology of tomorrow.
![Page 26: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Reference…
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_magnetic_energy_storage
• http://www.ornl.gov/• http://www.superconductorweek.com/• http://www.ieeexplore.org/
![Page 27: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042611/586fc20f1a28aba24c8b4e15/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27