supplier selection problem: selection criteria and methodsissn 0249-6399 isrn inria/rr--4726--fr+eng...

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HAL Id: inria-00071860 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071860 Submitted on 23 May 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Supplier Selection Problem : Selection Criteria and Methods Lyès Benyoucef, Hongwei Ding, Xiaolan Xie To cite this version: Lyès Benyoucef, Hongwei Ding, Xiaolan Xie. Supplier Selection Problem : Selection Criteria and Methods. [Research Report] RR-4726, INRIA. 2003, pp.38. inria-00071860

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  • HAL Id: inria-00071860https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071860

    Submitted on 23 May 2006

    HAL is a multi-disciplinary open accessarchive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come fromteaching and research institutions in France orabroad, or from public or private research centers.

    L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, estdestinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documentsscientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,émanant des établissements d’enseignement et derecherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoirespublics ou privés.

    Supplier Selection Problem : Selection Criteria andMethods

    Lyès Benyoucef, Hongwei Ding, Xiaolan Xie

    To cite this version:Lyès Benyoucef, Hongwei Ding, Xiaolan Xie. Supplier Selection Problem : Selection Criteria andMethods. [Research Report] RR-4726, INRIA. 2003, pp.38. �inria-00071860�

    https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071860https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

  • ISS

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    INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

    Supplier selection problem :selection criteria and methods

    Lyès Benyoucef — Hongwei Ding — Xiaolan Xie

    N° 4726

    Feb 2003

  • Unité de recherche INRIA LorraineLORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique,

    615, rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54602 Villers-Lès-Nancy (France)Téléphone : +33 3 83 59 30 00 — Télécopie : +33 3 83 27 83 19

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  • Unité de recherche INRIA LorraineLORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique

    615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France)

    Unité de recherche INRIA Futurs : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)

    Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France)Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

    Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

    ÉditeurINRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)��������� ����

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    ISSN 0249-6399