supplying power for implantable biosensors
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Supplying Power for Implantable Biosensors. Introduction to Biosensors 16.441, 16.541 Group Members: Sujith Kana Jesse Vengren. Abstract. Powering implantable biosensors is difficult. Do not what to limit the subjects movement or impede them in anyway. Want the power supply to last - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Supplying Power for Implantable Biosensors
Introduction to Biosensors 16.441, 16.541Group Members:Sujith KanaJesse Vengren
Abstract
Powering implantable biosensors is difficult.
Do not what to limit the subjects movement or impede them in anyway.
Want the power supply to lastDo not to want to constantly
replacing themWant it to be minimally invasive Miniaturization is critical
BackgroundBiosensors thou are fad in the
current decade, they have been there since early 1970’s.
Powering up the biosensor was a challenge even in 1970’s
Earliest application was pace maker
Mercury-Zinc was powering the pacemaker
Nuclear fueled cells considered as an option!
Energy HarvestingGathering energy from
environment the device is inMany different energy
harvesting techniques: wind, solar, kinetic, thermal
Not every one is appropriate for implantable biosensors
Kinetic EnergyUsing the motion of the body to
generate power.Three types: Electromagnetic,
Electrostatic, and PiezoelectricElectromagneticUses the change in magnetic flux to
create powerGenerated by moving a coil through a
magnetic fieldSame Method used in watches
Kinetic Energy Continued…ElectrostaticUses variable capacitorsChanges in the distance between the
plates to change either current or voltage
PiezoelectricBy deforming piezoelectric material
you can generate a voltageEasy to create mechanical
deformation
Issues with Kinetic EnergyMoving parts wear outElectrostatic requires preexisting
ChargeFor Piezoelectric need to be able
to cause mechanical deformation
Thermal EnergyUses temperature difference to create
voltageSeebeck Effect: Voltage is generated
due to a difference in temperature between two junctions of dissimilar metals
Many thermocouples in series to create thermopile
Issues with Thermal EnergySmall change in temperatureA single thermocouple does not
generate much energySize becomes and issue.
Acoustic PowerApplication of
piezoelectric kinetic energy
Power by acoustic wavesWaves generated
outside the body transmit power to implanted device
Antenna similar to speaker cone receives acoustic wave and deforms piezoelectric material
Fuel Cell Sir William Grove found it in
1839 On chip power for
microelectronics Traditional Fuel cells vs
Biological Fuel Cells Powered by Sacccharomyces
Cerevisiae
Fuel Cell Continued…
Issues of Biological fuel cellsMicro watts of power generationPerformance over timeEnvironmental conditionsElectrochemical contact of the
micro-organismCost
RF PowerAmplifierInductive CouplingRectifierDC Regulator
Figure 1: Simplified RF Powering System (ref 1)
RF Power continued…
Issues of RF powerChanges in coupling coefficientConfined to labHeating of tissuesDependence on patient
compliancePossible RF interference
Work Cited◦ Victor Parsonnet, M.D. “Power Sources for Implantable Cardiac◦ Pacemakers*” Chest American College of Chest Physicians 1972◦ Nattapon Chaimanonart, Keith R. Olszens, Mark D. Zimmerman, Wen H. Ko, and Darrin J. Young, “ Implantable RF Power
Converter for Small Animal In Vivo Biological Monitoring” Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference Shanghai, China, September 1-4, 2005
◦ Chaimanonart, W. H. Ko, D. J. Young, “Remote RF Powering System for MEMS Strain Sensors,” Technical Digest of The Third IEEE International Conference on Sensors, pp. 1522 –1525, October 2004
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TR-3840 Army Research Lab◦ Jonathan Lueke and Walied A. Moussa, “MEMS-Based Power Generation Techniques for Implantable Biosensing
Applications ” Sensors 2011, 11, 1433-1460; ◦ Kerzenmacher, S.; Ducree, J.; Zengerle, R.; von Stetten, F. Energy Harvesting by Implantable Abiotically Catalyzed
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USA, 1983; pp. 283-355. ◦ Mano, N.; Mao, F.; Heller, A. Characteristics of a Miniature Compartment-less Glucose-O2 Biofuel Cell and Its Operation in
a Living Plant. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 6588-6594. ◦ Kuhn, M.; Napporn, T.; Meunier, M.; Therriault, D.; Vengallatore, S. Fabrication and Testing of Coplanar Single-Chamber
Micro Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Geometrically Complex Electrodes. J. Power Source. 2008, 177, 148-153. ◦ Olivo, Jacopo, Sandro Carrara, and Giovanni De Micheli. "Energy Harvesting and Remote Powering for Implantable
Biosensors - Infoscience." Home - Infoscience. Web. 04 March. 2011. ◦ Shih, Po-Jen, and Wen-Pin Shih. "Design, Fabrication, and Application of Bio-Implantable Acoustic Power Transmission."
IEEEXplore. Web. 4 Mar. 2011. ◦ Walker, Charles W., and Alyssa L. Walker. "Biological Fuel Cell Functional as an Active or Reserve Power Source." Web. 4
Mar. 2011. <http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA450058>. ◦ N. G. Elvin, A. A. Elvin, and M. Spector, “A self-powered mechanical strain energy sensor,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 10,
no. 2, pp. 293–299, Apr. 2001.◦ M. Umeda, K. Nakamura, and S. Ueha, “Energy storage characteristics of a piezo generator using impact induced
vibration,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 36, pt. 1, no. 5B, pp. 3146–3151, May 1997.◦ Beeby, S. P., Torah Tudor, and M.J. Tudor. "Kinetic Energy Harvesting." Yahoo! Search - Web Search. Web. 04 Apr. 2011.
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