support and movement
DESCRIPTION
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT. Support Systems in Animals. Support system in humans and animals is called SKELETON or SKELETAL SYSTEM. FUNCTIONS OF ENDOSKELETON. FUNCTIONS OF EXOSKELETON. HUMAN SUPPORT SYSTEM. Animal support system. Support System of Land Vertebrate Animals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
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Support Systems in Animals
Support system in humans and animals is called SKELETON or SKELETAL SYSTEM
3 types of
skeletal systems
ENDOSKELETON
HYDROSTATIC SKELETONEXOSKELETON
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ENDOSKELETON
• Inner Frame• Refers to the
set of bones or cartilages that is inside the body of vertebrates.
EXOSKELETON
• Outer Frame• Consists of
one layer of hard skin or shell derived from substances like calcium carbonate.
HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
• Formed from fluid pressure in space that is enveloped by a muscular system.
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Supports body weight
Maintains body shape
Protects soft organs inside
body
Provides place for muscles in body to attach themselves
Enables limbs to move
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOSKELETON
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Supports body weight
Maintains body shape
Protects soft tissues from
damage
Provides surface for muscles to attach
themselves
Allows movement
FUNCTIONS OF EXOSKELETON
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HUMAN SUPPORT SYSTEM
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Endoskeleton in humans consists of
206 bones
Backbone mainly supported by Pelvic
Girdle
Pelvic Girdle : strongest bone in human body
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ANIMAL SUPPORT SYSTEM
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ANIMALS
Vertebrates
Land Aquatic
Invertebrates
Exoskeleton Hydrostatic Skeleton
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Entire weight is supported by its endoskeleton.
Skeletal system : bigger and stronger than that of the aquatic animal vertebrate system.
Big land animals : Strong and big Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles to support their body weight
Four-legged animals : Backbone either curve upwards or downwards. Enables backbone to withstand any heavy load acting on the animal.
Support System of Land Vertebrate Animals
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Support System of Land Vertebrate Animals
Pectoral Girdle
Pelvic Girdle
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Birds : Have hollow bones and air spaces inside so that the body is lighter.Advantages of hollow bones :LighterRequires less calcium and phosphorous for its
formation.
Support System of Land Vertebrate Animals
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Examples : Whales, dolphins
Smaller and lighter endoskeleton than land vertebrates.
Pectoral and pelvic support that is smaller and lighter.
Most of body weight is supported by buoyancy of the water.
Support System of Aquatic Vertebrate Animals
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The buoyancy of the water allows the size of the aquatic vertebrate animals to be bigger than that of land vertebrate animals.
Support System of Aquatic Vertebrate Animals
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COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC VERTEBRATES
SIMILARITIES
ENDOSKELETON
VERTEBRATE BONES ARE
FLEXIBLE
PECTORAL AND PELVIC GIRDLE
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COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC VERTEBRATES
SUPPORT IN LAND
VERTEBRATESPectoral and pelvic girdle support the
body weight
Big and strong
Big
DIFFERENCES
SUPPORT
SKELETON
PECTORAL AND PELVIC GIRDLE
SUPPORT IN AQUATIC
VERTEBRATESWater buoyancy
supports the body weight
Small and weak
Small
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SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR INVERTEBRATES
Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone.
Its body is supported by :External skeletal system
(exoskeleton)
Body fluids (hydrostatic skeletons)
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EXOSKELETON OF INVERTEBRATES
Exoskeleton consists of a layer of hard skin or shell.
Examples of invertebrates with hard outer skin : Crabs, spiders, prawns and
scorpions.
Examples of invertebrates with hard shell : Snails, mussels
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EXOSKELETON OF INVERTEBRATES
For insects, the exoskeleton is called cuticle.
Cuticle is made of chitin (hard and impermeable to water)
Cuticle prevent the insects from growing.
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HYDROSTATIC SKELETONS OF INVERTEBRATES
Leeches, worms and octopus do not have exoskeleton. Their bodies are soft.
Use the body fluid (also known as hydrostatic skeleton system) as support system.
The body fluids exert a pressure on their body walls to form a hydrostatic skeleton.
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COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
SIMILARITIES
EXOSKELETON
BODY FLUID
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COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
SUPPORT IN LAND
INVERTEBRATES
Soft bodies with external
shells
Hard and made of chitin, for
example, insects.
DIFFERENCES
SUPPORT
SKELETON
SUPPORT IN AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Water buoyancy
Hard and made of calcium
carbonate, for example, crabs.
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“That’s all, kids! Use this as an enhancement material or review notes for the upcoming
MIDTERM exam in Science.”
There is another slideshow on SUPPORT SYSTEM in PLANTS in our blogsite.