Support to Security Sector Reform

A- new approach towards Human Security in Albania

How It Started

During crisis in 1997:

1,300 Army, Police and National Intelligence Service stores were looted

550,000 small arms, 900 million rounds and six million explosives were stolen

1,500 murders occurred during the crisis

5,000 criminal acts occurred in 1997

Weapons Collection Law was introduced in August 1998-2002, governing: Weapons possession Weapons registration Nationwide amnesty of voluntary surrender

UNDP Involvement

UNDP assisted Albania through three Weapons Collection

projects: (1)Dec 1998 – Jan 2000 Gramsh Pilot Project (GPP)

(one district)(2) Jun 2000 – Jan 2002 Weapons in Exchange for Development Project (WED)

(two districts)(3)Feb 2002 – Feb 2004 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control Project (SALWC)

(fifteen districts)

Shkoder Kukes

Tirane

Elbasan

Gramsh

Diber

Vlore

WED Elbasan & Diber 5,700 weapons collected

3 million rounds of ammos

16,000 weapons destroyed

23 Development Projects =

$1,800,000 (2)

SALWC in 5 PrefecturesKukes, Lezha, Shkodra, Vlora and Tirana

66 DP Projects = $1.5 million App. 10.000 weapons collectedApp. 7 million rounds of ammos collected 71,544 explosives collected

(3)

WED in Gramsh 5,891 weapons collected10 million rounds 12 Development Projects =

$800,000 (1)

SALWC Mandate

• Public awareness – locally and nationwide- The Backbone of the SALWC success

• Logistic support to weapons collection teams – nationwide

• Development projects – based on competition

• Pilot project on weapons control system database – test Tirana and eventual extension to other prefectures

NOTE: SALWC project was not at any time directly involved in actual collection of weapons

SALWC Implementation

Implementation Components:

Public Awareness & Information (PAI)

Development Projects (DP)

Logistic support to MoPO (WC)

Data-base weapons control system

From SALWC to SSSR

A perceived need to expand from SALWC project to Support Security Sector Reform

Programme (SSSR)

Support To Security Sector Reform Programme (SSSR)

COMMUNITY SAFETY AND SECURITY

POLICE TRANSPARENCY

AND ACCOUNTABILITY

20052003 2004

Community Safety and Security

Conclusions

• Around 10,000 weapons have been surrendered

• 66 DPs have been awarded at total cost of 1.5 million USD

• 30 Vehicles and 24 Metal detectors donated

• The legislative framework is in place until March 2005

• The Weapons Collection Structure established.

• Pilot Database programme for weapons registration and control has

been implemented

• Great experience has been gained in close collaboration with Police

and Local Authorities (34 CPSGs)

• WC activities are continuing

PreliminarilyActivities

I. Police Survey and Customer Satisfaction Study

• 3000 citizens were interviewed

• 1200 police

II. General Policy Framework Document has been

produced and delivered to all partners

I. Operational Document has been produced

Police Transparency and Accountability

COMMUNITY BASED POLICING

COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPSUPPORT TO POLICE IMAGE

School AwarenessProgram

Increase PR Capacities

Improve Police – Public Reception Facilities

Public/police - Premises

Community & Police Partnership

Public Awareness and Information Strategy

PAI Campaign• The PAI Campaign provides the behavioral effect on Police Image Change

and CBP.

• The PAI will be preceded by TV Spots carefully designed to be shown in the national as well as local TV Stations.

• Part of the Campaign is also the production and distribution of a series of Posters and Brochures on CBP.

• Another important& successful element is the Round Table to be aired at the National Level with the participation of Decision Makers, and at the local level with the participation of highest ranking local authorities.

• The direct interviews in the media be it print or electronic will be another tool of the campaign towards the cognitive change.

• The press releases & interviews will concretize more the necessity for this change in the most visible and tangible way possible.

Challenges

• Lack of an overall strategic framework for CBP • Major demands and expectations to Albanian Police • Lack of trust between public and police• Organized crime and corruption seems to exist in the

country (this influences the police organization)• Police are not trained enough about CPB• Police organization is still highly centralized• Citizens feel that police are not concerned about their

problems and do not do enough. • Mentality and culture of the police and citizens

Implementation of CBPPhase I –Structures

Building structures to support CBP activities:

CBP Working Group within the International Consortium.

National Steering Group (representatives from MoPO, MoLG and

MoE).

Regional Steering Group (representatives from prefecture, regional

council, police, directorate of education, SSSR).

Working Group at municipality level (same line representatives)

Implementation Team at municipalities (representatives from

municipality, quarters, PR officer, PO inspector, SSSR, etc).

Implementation of CBPPhase I –Selection of quarters

The selection of areas within a municipality will be conducted in close

collaboration with LG, according the following criteria:

Good relations between police/local authorities

Effective group established in the quarter

Commitment to change shown by police/public

Evidence of existing CBP initiatives

Previous involvement in WC activities

Conducive environment for the initiatives in terms of crime situation,

social problems, population composition

Existing premises that can be utilized

Implementation of CBPPhase II- Capacity Building

• Brainstorming of project team and Steering Committee on the Implementation Strategy, insuring ownership.

• Round table on introduction of the Implementation Strategy in the Region Level.

• Organize together with local police workshop sessions regarding CBP and issues of concern.

• Promotion of CBP philosophy within the Police Academy (seminars involving experts).

• Develop together with stakeholders PAI materials (leaflets, posters, handbooks etc).

• Exchange experience with partners in CBP area (PAMECA, DANIDA, OSCE,IDM).

• Establish partnership twins model between the implementation teams among municipalities.

CBP Phase III- Implementing Initiatives

Improve Public Reception Rooms in PoliceCommissariats

• Identify and establish office and working plan.

• Collect information regarding security problems in the quarter by the IT (crimes, robberies etc).

• Disseminate information regarding duties and responsibilities of the public through meetings, leaflets, chronics on TV.

• Take action on solving several security issues in the community (serving as catalyst).

• Monitor security situation in the community by tracking information and progress reports.

• Identify a network of support services and refer victims of crimes to those services.

Increase PR Capacities

• Support capacity building of the PR office in Police Directorate.

• Provide equipment and improve physical infrastructure of the PR office in PD.

• Ensure that the PR office is the first information provider to local media (Press conference in local media, press releases).

• Develop close relationships with media aiming to increase capacities in media management of PR officers in PD and access to information.

• Support improving the public image of the police through PAI activities and campaigns (TV spots, round tables, special chronics on TV, specifically developed informative products like leaflets, brochures, flyers etc).

• PR officers in PD develop initiatives in mediation of local media during meetings between the police and the community regarding the community security problems.

CBP Phase III- Implementing Initiatives

Community & Police Partnership - Support the improvement of the Police Image

• Improve physical infrastructure of the Reception Desk in Police

Commissariat.

• Create a friendly environment for public.

• Provide training and advice for the CBP police officer in the designated

quarter on different issues (client oriented skills, code of ethic, dealing with

difficult cases).

• Support the improvement of the filing and the flow of information cycle

between the citizen – CBP police officer & specific police services in

commissariat.

• Citizen Suggestion Box in front of Police Commissariat

Awareness Education Programme

• Selection of schools in intervention areas.

• Promote the close collaboration and an understanding of the importance and interdependence of schools, the community, and law enforcement as leaders for change (meeting of police inspectors with school community).

• Promote safety and security within the school through small grants,

to the benefits of collaboration and problem solving.

• Empowering youth to address school violence issues in the area of human rights education (youth initiatives in violence prevention).

• Build a sustainable model of the role of the education and law enforcement culture in the establishment and maintenance of partnerships between school and police.

OUTCOMES

• Establish functional and sustainable structures• CBP working group established within the Target

Quarter.• Improved dialogue and cooperation between the police

and communities.• Capacities of police, and communities (LG, CPSGs,

NGOs, schools) on CBP initiative built.• Enhanced capacities of PO inspectors on CBP initiative.• Improved image of the police• Sustainable capacities in PR office built• Establish sustainable connection between police,

schools and community.

COMPONENTS Detailed Plan of Activities

Community & Police Partnership - Encourage and promote

crime prevention and quality of life issues. • Develop preventive initiatives through education and public

awareness activities (educational sessions, Human Rights education, PAI materials).

• Increase Problem Solving Skills among community groups and local police structures (develop models for Problem Solving) .

• Increase patrolling in the community.• Promote models of collaboration between the community and police

(advise meetings with business, for home security etc). • Organize regular community meetings with representatives of

structures in the community (schools, business, NGOs).• Use the school awareness program as a linkage between Schools –

Communities – Police.