supporting low emission and climate resilient economies, ecosystems and communities in europe and...
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mission strategy and key areas of work of the Energy and Environment Practice, April 2011 (by Adriana Dinu)TRANSCRIPT
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Regional Environment and Energy Practice, Europe and
Commonwealth of Independent States
© 2011 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide.
Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission.
Supporting low emission and climate resilient
economies, ecosystems and communities in
Europe and CIS
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
The region: 28 countries
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
The Team
Environment and Energy Group - HQ
20 UNDP COUNTRY OFFICES + 5 UNDP OFFICES
Over 450 staff
Managing EUR
230 million in
257 projects
from GEF,
bilaterals, EC
REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY TEAM
Bratislava
http://europeandcis.undp.org/environment/
Energy, Infrastructur
e and Transport
Ecosystems, Land
and Natural
Resources
WaterChemicals
management Climate Change
Adaptation
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Low emission development
OBJECTIVES
The Regional Environment and Energy Strategy
Climate resilient economies,
communities and ecosystems
Energy, Infrastructure,
Technology and Transport
Chemicals
Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Water Governance
Climate Risk Management/
Adaptation
Thematic Areas
GOAL
Supporting countries to make a transition to low emission and
climate resilient development
Low emission development
strategies
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Energy, Infrastructure, Technology and Transport
Objective:Countries adopt more sustainable pathways
to energy supply and use, maintain and
develop climate resilient infrastructure and
adopt sustainable mobility options; and do
all of this using the most appropriate
technologies
Renewable EnergyEnergy Efficiency
Transport Carbon Finance
Over USD 100 million
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
6
Project example: District Heating (DH) in Armenia
Heat meter installed at the entrance to an apartment in
Avan district of Yerevan
Multi-apartment panel
building with exhaust
chimney from gas heater
installed in one apartment
(not financed by the
project!)
Source: UNDP-GEF Project Report, photos by Grant Ballard-Tremeer
New legal and regulatory framework for
rehabilitation of DH systems
USD 10 mln direct foreign (private)
investments leveraged into new DH
system (Avan district of Yerevan, 213
buildings, 30.000 residents);
System features combined heat and power
facility, reconstructed network and
apartment level metered and regulated
system
400 new contracts siged between customers
and heat supply companies in the demo/
pilot areas based on apartment level heat
meters
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 20117
Project example: Municipal Energy Efficiency in Croatia
Policy-level support: National EE Master-plan
Programme of Implementation 2008-2016
Energy Charter: signed by ALL towns and
counties in the Republic of Croatia
28 mln US$ of public financing leveraged for
EE measures in 30% of local government
buildings and 50% of central government
buildings.
63% of households switched to the use of CFL
bulbs
Project budget: 13 M US$ (on-going) with
UNDP/GEF contribution 4.6 M$
Energy Efficiency
Information Center
Energy Charter
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Project Example: Energy Efficiency in Heat & Hot Water Supply
- Kazakhstan
90 associations of apartment
owners trained in energy efficient
building management
First private Energy Saving
Company (ESCOs) created in the
city of Karaganda
Four demonstration projects
providing for automated heat
supply point implemented with
annual energy saving up to 40%
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
9
UNDP’s work in Renewable Energy
Wind power: Kazakhstan
Biomass:
Slovakia, Belarus, Poland, BiH, Slov
enia, LatviaBiogas: Kyrgyzstan
Landfill Gas: Ukraine
Solar Water Heating: Albania
Small hydro power: Georgia,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Albania
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Project Example: Tajikistan, Sustainable Energy to Support
MDGs
Up to 8 hrs/day spent
to collect fuel wood
by women/kids
Poor insulation
resulting in high heat
losses
Dysfunctional
drinking water
supply and
sanitation systems
1 mln people – up to 6 weeks without electricity in winter;
4-5 mln people – only 2-6 hours/day of power supply in winter
Rural residents (73% of population) consume only 8.5% of total power supply
Deforestation (up
to 90% forest loss)
and soil erosion
Inefficient cooking
stoves - indoor
pollution and health
risk
UNDP’s approach: to develop, pilot and scale-up integrated rural development
model based on provision of renewable energy and energy efficiency
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Piloting integrated RE-EE based rural development
model, Vahdat district
Helping poor: provided with 1kW per household me100 poor
households seting their basic energy needs (lighting)
Sustaining livelihoods: Diary workshop established and
connected to new small hydro power plant providing for
sustainable source of income for local community
Improving social services: Energy consumption optimized and
secured in local hospital, school and kindergarten via wall and
roof insulation, installing PV and solar thermal systems
Strengthening local governance: Community-based public
utility organization set-up to provide for collective management
of local energy and water supply systems
Improving economic viability of small hydro power (SHP): SHP
plant connected to national grid to sell power in summer via
network synchronization and generator protection devices
Two small hydro power
units ( 2 X 500 kW)
Energy efficient retrofit
of hospital, school and
kindergarten
PV system on the roof
of hospital
Same on Tajik-
Afghan Border
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Scaling-up integrated RE-EE based rural development model
Renewable Energy Law and by-laws:
- Technical regulations for connection
to the grid of SHP
- Methodology for calculating costs for
power form sHPP
- Contracting modalities for buying
back electricity from sHPP
National RE and EE fund:
- Incentive electricity buy-back price
for grid connected RES power plants
- Financial aid for community-based
RE/EE projects
Promoting Technology Transfer
Know how for O&M
Manufacturing capacity
Engineering services
~~
Private investors in Private investors in
small HPP:small HPP:
•Clear procedures and
regulation;
•Methodology for setting
tariffs
•Conditions for connection
to Barki Tajik network
Local communitiesLocal communities – model
for integrated development
MEDT
MoEI
SCI
Dep. Of
Statistics
MoEd, MoAg&Env, MoH
Jamoat Resource Center, …
IPP
Coordination mechanismsCoordination mechanisms
for PRS stakeholdersfor PRS stakeholders
Financial incentives!!!Financial incentives!!!
Law on the Use of RESLaw on the Use of RES
article 9. & article 14. obliges article 9. & article 14. obliges
Government to provide Government to provide
financial support financial support to RESto RES
Building governance capacity of relevant ministries
and state agencies to implement RE/EE-based
poverty reduction polices through the
establishment of an Inter-ministerial Task Force
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Supporting the EE and CIS transition to low-
emission development: Regional Project
Assists RBEC countries to develop capacity to
formulate, mobilize finance and implement Low-
emissions Development Strategies (LEDS) or Nationally
Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)
Countries will be enabled to make policy and
investment decisions, that reduce GHG emissions,
reduce poverty, create new employment opportunities
and green jobs and move societies towards long term
sustainability.
• How to Guide on Low-emission development
strategies and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions: Eastern Europe and CIS – in English and
Russian
• Drafts of LEDS in Kazakhstan and Moldova, initiated in
Uzbekistan
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
1. Scoping and planning
2. Development or evaluation of baseline
and LED GHG emission scenario
3. Determination of mitigation options4. Assessment of
financing of mitigation options
5. Implementation, monitoring and MRV
Process of development of Low Emission Development
Strategies in Europe and CIS:
Identification of NAMAs requiring support
LED concept, inter-ministerial
coordination
List of NAMAs/PAMs
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Climate Change Adaptation
Objective:
Promote climate resilient
development and climate risk
management
Early Adaptation
Actions
Central Asia
Climate Risk
Management
Territorial
Approach to
Climate Change
Climate Resilient
Strategies
Over USD 30 million
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Project Example: Climate Risk Management in Central Asia
Objective: To promote adaptation and reduction of
climate-related disasters in CA and to
integrate CRM into core development
policy and strategies in CA
Innovation: Combining Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction to address climate
variability and climate change
15% of budget for Gender issues
USD 12 million, 2010-2014
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Water Governance
Objective: to promote IWRM, transboundarydialogue and integration of water-aspects in national development
planning
Collective
management of
transboundary
water systems
Integrated Water
Resource
Management in
Central Asia
Over USD 20 million
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Caspian Sea: Restoring Depleted Fisheries and Regional
Environmental Governance Framework
Ecosystem based management
- Sturgeon Gene Pool Conservation in the Sepidrud
River-Iran
- Conservation and Restoration of Caspian salmon
(Salmo trutta caspius) stocks in the Southern
Caspian
Strengthened regional environmental
governance:
- New protocols to the Teheran Convention:
biodiversity protocol, Oil Spills, Environmental
Impact Assessment and Pollution Control from Land
based Activities;
- Regional and National Strategic Convention
Action Plans;
- Unified Environment Monitoring Program
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Promoting IWRM and Fostering Transboundary Dialogue in
Central Asia
Countries: Kazakhstan (Ili-Balkhash basin), Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan – and a regional component
Key areas of interventions: Rural water supply and sanitation, Small-scale hydropower solutions, Irrigation efficiency , Climate change resilience/adaptation, Transboundary cooperation and dialogue, and Capacity building
Period: 2009-2012; budget: 5.4 MUSD
Project results so far:-concept of the investments and tariffs development strategy in the irrigation sector,
-study of opportunities and needs of water user
-technical support to the water-sharing negotiations on transboundary waters,
- pilot projects in irrigation and rural water supply& sanitation sectors
http://www.centralasia.iwlearn.org/
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Protected Areas:
expansion,
management
effectiveness, finance
Mainstreaming
biodiversity into
productive sectors
and landscapes
Ecosystem based adaptation and mitigation
Over USD 120 million in implementation
Sustainable Forest
Management
Sustainable Land
Management
Objective: to maintain and enhance the beneficial
services provided by natural ecosystems in order to secure livelihoods, food, water and health, reduce vulnerability to climate change, store carbon and avoid emissions
from LULUCF
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Protected Areas Programme: coverage
Unleashing the economic potential of protected areas so that they are providing
ecosystem services, are climate resilient and sustainably financed (GEF, ICI)
Terrestrial Protected Areas
7 projects
Armenia
Georgia (2)
Montenegro
Romania
Serbia
Ukraine
4 projects
Albania
Russia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
_____________
Under preparation:
Azerbaijan
Croatia
System level: 6
Armenia
FYR Macedonia
Montenegro
Moldova
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Steppe: 4
Kazakhstan
Romania
Russia
Moldova
Forests: 6
Armenia
Bulgaria
Romania
Russia - Komi
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Wetlands: 6
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Russia
Slovakia
Mountains: 4
Kazakhstan
Russia- Kamchatka
Russia-Altai Sayan
Tajikistan
Agrobiodiversity: 1
Kazakhstan
Tundra: 1
Russia - Taimyr
Marine PAs Finance
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Protected Area Programme: Summary of Impacts
85 PAs in the process of being
established: 0.81 million ha
19 new PAs established:
2.6 million haImproved management effectiveness in
126 existing PAs of 9.7 million ha
9.1 million hectares in
10 Global 200 Ecoregions
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Mainstreaming biodiversity into productive sectors and landscape to
ensure that production processes maintain essential ecosystem functions
Agriculture: 6
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Georgia
Lithuania
Slovakia
Tajikistan
Municipality land-use
planning: 1
Bosnia u Herzegovina
Signature program “Mainstreaming”: coverage
Fisheries: 1
Kyrgyzstan
National land-
use planning: 1
Belarus
Oil and gas: 2
Russia
Uzbekistan
Banking: 1
Croatia
Sectors Landscape
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Mainstreaming Programme: Summary of Impacts
“Set asides”: 1 million ha
10.25 million ha productive
landscape within 9 Global 200
Ecoregions
Direct impact on 55.6 million ha
Market development support for
biodiversity friendly products in
5 countries
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Project Example: Georgia: Forgotten crop varieties and landraces make a
comeback
189 households
cultivating land-races;
over 80% of these
households are
reporting higher pulse
diversity on-farm
28 land-races and varieties (52% of all for
Georgia) are now being used for subsistence
production and 7 (13% of all) are in
commercial use
seed multiplication system to
encourage local farmers to use and sow
local landraces
6 revived native legume crops are now
being sold to retailers on the local
market with a 10% premium compared
to the imported common beans
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
UNDP’s Ecosystem Approaches to Climate Change
ADAPTATIONAdvance ecosystem based CC adaptation solutions
as part of integrated adaptation investment strategies vital to reducing vulnerability of society
to climate change
MITIGATIONImplement ecosystem based CC mitigation
solutions that reduce emissions from LULUCF and enhance ecosystem sequestration capacities
RESILIENCEManage ecosystems to enhance their resilience to climate change, by maintaining functional diversity
and connectivity across landscape
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Sustainable Forest Management in Komi, Russia: Managing
for Carbon storage and ecosystem
1.63 mln ha of virgin boreal carbon pools
unprotected
In natural state: they build up 2.8 mln tC/y
Without protection: they lose 135,000 tC/y
to fires and logging
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Combining and sequencing sources of funding to achieve
multiple benefits in Komi
Komi’s boreal forests and peatlands are managed for ecosystem
services, carbon stocks and adaptation
Forest
Committee
Local
Authorities
Ministry of
Natural
Resources
Komi Republic
Institute of
Biology
Academia
Sever
gasprom
LUKOIL
Private sector
Ministry of
Natural
Resources
Russian Federation
PA network covers
unrepresented ecosystems,
is effectively managed and
financially sustainable.
PA network covers key carbon
pools, contributes to avoiding
emissions from forest fires and
is adapted to climate change
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Sustainable Forest and Pasture Management in Greater
Caucasus, Azerbaijan
Objective
Sustainable land and forest management secures the flow of multiple
ecosystem services, including carbon storage and sequestration, while
ensuring ecosystem resilience to climate change.
Policy and legal Framework Models for SFM/SLM
Modifications in land and forest
legislation and policies/standards
for SLM and SFM at local and
national level
Improved management of 483,800
ha forest and 591,100 ha
pasturelands
Training and capacity development
Territorial plans
Sustainable land
management practices
Soil conservation measures
Agri-environmental incentives
– Payments for Ecosystem
Services
C storage enhancement
LULUCF and REDD+ Action
plan
Carbon Flow Monitoring
Protocols
Restoration: reducing grazing
and wood collecting pressure
of 5,000 ha degraded forests
and 9,000 ha of pastures
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Improved connectivity: Adaptation to
CC through PAs and ecological
corridors
3. Landscape Level Management in Altai Sayan ecoregion:
CC mitigation and adaptation benefits in carbon rich forests
Fire Management: Minimizing human-
caused threats of fires to the carbon
pools
3.21 billion tones of Carbon
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
4. Peatland restoration in Belarus: multiple benefits
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Peatland restoration in Belarus: key success parameter -
raise the water table to around 0 m
After renaturalizationBefore renaturalization
Drop in groundwater < 20 cm – irreversible change
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Reduced annual emission of CO2 by
280,000 tons
Peatland restoration in Belarus: CC mitigation benefits
28,000 ha rewetted10 sites
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
• Presence of wetland plant associations up by 58-96%
• Water-bird species numbers up by 20-48% from pre-restoration figures
Peatland restoration in Belarus: biodiversity benefits
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Peatland restoration in Belarus: economic benefits
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
• 30 to 80 USD/ha: Re-wetting, development of scientific rationale,
preparation of engineering design documentation, implementation of
restoration activities
• Lower than the funds needed for fire fighting or maintenance forestry
on degraded peatlands, or their transformation to agriculture.
• No new fires at restored sites: EUR 864,000 saved, spared suffocation
and respiratory diseases
Peatland restoration in Belarus: cost effectiveness
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
UNDP and UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative
Land degradation
Over 40% agricultural land and
pastures are degraded;
over 85% of territory is eroded ---
Agriculture employs 65% of the
workforce
Food security and income
Natural disasters:
More than 90% of the country’s
territory is exposed to over 20
hazardous natural events and
processes
US$35 million in damages each
year
Water scarcity:
93% of domestically consumed
electricity from hydropower,
irrigation intensive agriculture ---
---- energy and food security,
income,
Climate change: rising
summer temperatures,
reduced winter precipitation,
loss of surface waters,
greater frequency of
droughts, land degradation,
and flooding.
1. Identification of links between poverty, economic development and environment
K
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Y
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S
T
A
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UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
UNDP and UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative
2. Economic analysis: Assessment of economic costs and benefits, in
monetary and non-monetary terms, of sustainable and unsustainable natural
resource use.
PRO-POOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
PRO-POOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ENVIRONMENTAL
INVESTMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
INVESTMENT
achieving national and
sectoral economic growth
achieving national and
sectoral economic growthgenerating
public revenues
generating
public revenues reducing
expenditures
reducing
expendituresalleviating and
reducing poverty
alleviating and
reducing poverty meeting
the MDGs
meeting
the MDGs
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
UNDP and UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative
3. Integration of poverty – environment nexus to development planning
and budgeting
Tajikistan
USD 900,000
Sustainable land management
14 district development programmes
District Trust Funds and micro-credits
PRS M&E framework
Next PRS (4)
Kyrgyzstan
USD 970,000 + 350,000 parallel
Sustainable pasture management
Province and village plans
UN / UNDP programming
Next Country Development Strategy
Debt for nature swaps mechanism
Armenia
Up to USD 200,000
Revision of Sustainable Development Programme
UNDP Europe and CIS, Regional Environment and Energy Practice presentation, 2011
Thank you!