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A Few Lessons from the Surahs with Luminous letters حروف مقطعةFarid Ahmed Nov 18, 2017

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A Few Lessons from the Surahs with Luminous letters

حروف مقطعة

Farid Ahmed

Nov 18, 2017

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حروف مقطعة

• 14 different unique instances in 29 different surahs. 14 of the 28 letters are used.

• 26 out of the 29 surahs are Makki. Only 3 are Madani- Baqara, Ale-Imran, and Al- Raad

• This had been a well-known literary style. They Do not have any known meaning. There were some speculations/interpretations around though.

• The first three surahs (in order of sequence of revelation start with one-letter – Sura Qalam, Qaf, and Swad). Those three surahs also start with oath

• Total use of the word ‘Ayat’ in the Quran is 382. Out of that 250 times appears in these Surahs (.65)

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What are the main themes in the ayatscoming right after the حروف مقطعة?• Quran- in 27 Surahs

• Authenticity of Quran, يبا فيه لا را [Baqara, AsSajdah• Continuation of Revelation [Imraan]• Reminder for the believers [A’araf, Maryam, Saad] • كيم [Yunus, Luqman, YaSeen]الكتااب الحا• الكتااب المبين [Yusuf, Hijr, Shuara, Naml, Qasas, Zukhruf, Dukhan]• Why was it revealed? [Ibraheem, Taha] • Revelation from Allah [Ghafir, Fussilat, Shura, Jathya, Ahqaf

• ‘Those who believe’ will be tested- Sura Ankaboot

• Rome has been won- Sura Rum

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Which attributes of Allah are used when the source of revelation is mentioned?• ي القايوم ها إل هوا الحا ـ ه لا إلا اللـ [Sura Imran]• بير كيم خا حا [Sura Hud]• بكا ر [Sura Raad]• ميد العازيز الحا [Sura Ibraheem]• ن عالاى العار ـ حما ات العلاى الر اوا السما لاقا الارضا وا ن خا م ى م ش استاوا [Sura Ta Ha]• ب العاالامينا ر [Sura As Sajdah]• حيم العازيز الر [Sura Yasin]• العازيز العاليم [Sura Ghafir]• حيم ن الر ـ حما الر [Sura Fussilat]• كيم العازيز الحا [Sura Shura, Jathia, Ahqaf]

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Why was the Quran revealed?

• هدى للمتقينا فيه [Baqara]

• يه ا باينا يادا دقا لما مصا [Imran]

• نه لتنذرا ج م را دركا حا ى للمؤمنينا كتااب أنزلا إلايكا فالا ياكن في صا ذكرا به وا [A’raf]

• نوا باشر الذينا آما أانذر الناسا وا [Yunus]

• بهم إلاى ص لتخ ات إلاى النور بإذن را ميد رجا الناسا منا الظلما العازيز الحا ا را [Ibraheem, http://tanzil.net/#14:1]

• لايكا القرآنا لتاشقاى ﴿ لناا عا ا أانزا ن ياخشاى ٢ما ة لما ﴾ إل تاذكرا [TaHa]

• ى للمؤمنينا بشرا هدى وا [Naml]

• ة للمحسنينا حما را هدى وا [Luqman]

• ن قابلكا لاعالهم ياهتاد ن نذير م ا أاتااهم م ونا لتنذرا قاوما م [As Sajdah]

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هدى for All

• يبا لكا الكتااب لا را يقي﴾٢﴿هدى للمتقينا فيه ذا ا الذينا يؤمنونا بالغايب وا مم ةا وا مونا الصلاقنااهم ينفقونا زا ا أنزلا م ٣﴿را ما ا أنزلا إلايكا وا الذينا يؤمنونا بما ة هم يوقنونا ﴾وا بالخرا ن قابلكا وا

• كيم ﴾١﴿الم [31:1-3] ة للمحسنينا ﴾٢﴿تلكا آياات الكتااب الحا حما را الذينا يقيمونا ﴾٣﴿هدى واة هم يوقنونا هم بالخرا كااةا وا يؤتونا الز ةا وا الصلا

• لايكا الكتاابا تبياانا لكل شايء .. [16:89] لناا عا ناز ى للمسلمينا وا وا بشرا ة وا حما را هدى وا

• بين س [27:1-3] كتااب م ى للمؤمنينا ﴾١﴿تلكا آياات القرآن وا بشرا الذينا ﴾٢﴿هدى واة هم يوق هم بالخرا كااةا وا يؤتونا الز ةا وا نونا يقيمونا الصلا

• انا الذي أنزلا فيه القرآن ضا ما هدى للناس شاهر را [2:185]

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A convincing example of لناس هدى ل

لنااه إلايكا الر ات إلاى النور لتخرجا الناسا منا الظ كتااب أانزا بهم إ لما لاى بإذن راميد العازيز الحا ا ا ف ﴾١﴿صرا ما ات وا اوا ا في السما ه الذي لاه ما ي اللـ

يل للكاافرينا من عاذااب شاديد الارض وا يا ﴾٢﴿وا نياا عالاى الذينا ياستاحبونا الحا اةا الد

ا عوا يابغوناها ه وا ياصدونا عان سابيل اللـ ة وا ل جاالخرا ئكا في ضالا ـ أولاسول إل بلساان قاومه ل ﴾٣﴿باعيد ا أارسالناا من ر ما ن فايضل اللـ يباينا لاهم وا ه ما

ن ياشااء ياهدي ما كيم ياشااء وا هوا العازيز الحا لاقاد أارسالناا موساى ب ﴾٤﴿وا آيااتناا أان وا

ذاكرهم ب ات إلاى النور وا كا منا الظلما ه أاخرج قاوما ايام اللـ يا أ لكا لا ات لكل إن في ذابار شاكور ﴾٥﴿صا

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Which names the Book was called with?

• ى للمؤمن ذكرا ينا وا [A’raf]

• كيم الكتااب الحا [Yunus]

• الكتااب المبين [Yusuf]

• بين وا قرآن م [Hijr]

• الكتااب المبين [Shu’ara]

• بين كتااب م وا [Naml]

• الكتااب المبين [Qasas]

• كيم الكتااب الحا [Luqman]

• القرآن ذي الذكر وا [S’ad]• بيا قرآنا عارا [Fussilat]• الكتااب المبين وا [Zukhruf]• الكتااب المبين وا [Dukhan]• جيد القرآن الما وا ]Qaf]

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تاب المب ين الك or ب ين وقرآن م

• 4th form of verb, Active participle; ‘Clear’, ‘something that clarifies’• The communication is done in a clear, easy-to-understand ‘story telling’

format• sura Yusuf is easy-to-understand story of Prophet Yusuf. • Sura Hijr talks about Story of mankind and a few prophets• Sura Shuara- Stories of Musa, Ibraheem, Nuh, Aad, samud, Salih, • Sura Naml- Details of Dawood and Sulaiman and also Musa, Salih, Loot

• ‘Clear’ because it is Revealed in Arabic• بيا لعالكم تاعقلونا عالنااه قرآنا عارا إنا جا http://tanzil.net/#43:3 and Sura Yusuf

• It was so clear that Prophet (SW) was hurt, when he didn’t get desirable response • Sura Shuara, starts with Prohet’s grief that they are not yet believers, although the

Quran is a ‘Clear Book’. It then talks about stories of different prophets not paying heed to the messages of the prophets

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تاب المب ين الك or ب ين وقرآن م

• The word ‘Ayat’ is used as a unit of the Quranic universe and the created universe. One implication is that As we observe the ayat of the universe, we tend to understand something about the nature. Similarly as we observe the ayat of the Quran, the expectation is similar

• تلكا آياات الكتااب المبين

• ياات للمؤمنينا الارض لا ات وا اوا [45:3]إن في السما

• من آيااته وا sequence in Sura Ruum. [30:19-25]

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What was said about the messenger of the Quran?• In Sura Qalam, the first (in sequence)

رونا ن ا ياس ما القالام وا جنون ﴾١﴿وا بكا بما ة را ا أانتا بنعما اجرا غايرا ٢﴿ما إن لاكا لا ﴾وامنون إنكا لاعالاى خلق عاظيم ﴾٣﴿ما ﴾٤﴿وا

• كيم ﴾١﴿يس القرآن الحا ستاقيم ﴾٣﴿إنكا لامنا المرسالينا ﴾٢﴿وا م ا عالاى صرا

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Selected verses

• ي القايوم ﴿١الم ﴿ ها إل هوا الحا ـ ه لا إلا لا ﴾ ٢﴾ اللـ ق مصا ناز لايكا الكتاابا بالحا يه عا ا باينا يادا دقا لمالا وا نجيلا أانزا ال اةا وا التورا

• ت كتااب الر لات آيااته م أحكما كيم من لدن فص ﴾١﴿بير خا حا http://tanzil.net/#11:1

• Sura Raa’d verse 3. اسيا وا ا را عالا فيها جا د الارضا وا هوا الذي ما اراوا أانها من كل وا واين اناين وجا ا زا عالا فيها ات جا را يغشي الليلا الن الما ارا ياات لقاوم ياتا ها لكا لا ﴾٣﴿فاكرونا إن في ذا

Use of 4th form of verb here is interesting. “He causes night to cover day.”

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يم تاب الحك الك

• [Sura Yunus] كيم تلكا آياات الر الكتااب الحا

• كيم خا الر لات من لدن حا ت آيااته م فص بير كتااب أحكما [Sura Hud]

• [Sura Luqman] كيم ﴾١﴿الم تلكا آياات الكتااب الحا

• [Sura Ya-Seen] كيم ﴾١﴿يس القرآن الحا وا

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Sura Ibraheem: A convincing example of هدىلناس ل

لنااه إلايكا الر ات إلاى النور لتخرجا الناسا منا الظ كتااب أانزا بهم إ لما لاى بإذن راميد العازيز الحا ا ا ف ﴾١﴿صرا ما ات وا اوا ا في السما ه الذي لاه ما ي اللـ

يل للكاافرينا من عاذااب شاديد الارض وا يا ﴾٢﴿وا نياا عالاى الذينا ياستاحبونا الحا اةا الد

ا عوا يابغوناها ه وا ياصدونا عان سابيل اللـ ة وا ل جاالخرا ئكا في ضالا ـ أولاسول إل بلساان قاومه ل ﴾٣﴿باعيد ا أارسالناا من ر ما ن فايضل اللـ يباينا لاهم وا ه ما

ن ياشااء ياهدي ما كيم ياشااء وا هوا العازيز الحا لاقاد أارسالناا موساى ب ﴾٤﴿وا آيااتناا أان وا

ذاكرهم ب ات إلاى النور وا كا منا الظلما ه أاخرج قاوما ايام اللـ يا أ لكا لا ات لكل إن في ذابار شاكور ﴾٥﴿صا

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Sura Ibraheem

• Ayat 1• Goal of Quran revelation• Prophet can get people to Light out of Darkness only بهم بإذن را• Very comprehensive Ayat that talks about all sides – whats the goal, whats the method,

whats the constraint• The two names of Allah ميد العازيز الحا are very meaningful. The superpower of العازيز is

complemented by ميد الحا

• Ayat 3: Three types of ‘Disbelievers’• Those who prefer worldly life over Hereafter• Those who avert people from Allah’s path• Those who seek to make that path ‘crooked’

• Ayat 4- سول إل بلساان قاومه ليباينا لاهم لناا من ر ا أارسا ما وا sets an amazing general principle to make mankind accountable; the second part mentions Allah’s absolute will power; the third part balances it off with the term كيم هوا العازيز الحا وا

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• Contrast ayat 1 and 5. In 1, Allah swt is telling prophet Muhammad (S) an objective of revelation of Quran – to get mankind out of ignorance to Light. In ayat 5 Allah is giving example of prophet Musa who was urged to do EXACTLY the same thing.

• The use of بار شاكور صا is extremely meaningful and precise in Ayat 5

• Bani Israil was in Julumat, under Firaun. They were also in Julumatwhen they got impatient and unthankful, after Musa (AS) took them away from Julumat

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Allah’s name appearing in this Sura

• ميد العازيز الحا [14:1]

• كيم العازيز الحا [14:4]

• ميد لاغاني حا [14:8]

• حيم غافور ر [36]

• ار احد القاه الوا [48]

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Grammatical Findings (mostly at of the sentences)• Mausuf-Sifat occurrence

• عاذااب شاديد [2]

• نياا يااةا الد الحا [3]

• ل باعيد ضالا [3]

• بين اان م سل [10]

• بار عانيد جا [15]

• ديد اء صا م [16]

• عاذااب غاليظ [17]

• ل الباعيد الضلا [18]

• ديد لق جا بخا [19]

• عاذااب أاليم [22

• يباة ا ة ال كالما ما [23]

• يباة ا ة را كاشاجا [23]

• را بياة كاشاجا ة خا بياة كالما ة خا [24]

• نساانا لاظالوم كا فار إن ال [34]

• ل قاريب أاجا [44]

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Sura Ibraheem

• Contrast the following two Ayats. Precision.• اهيم إذ قاالا إبرا ب ووا ذاا بالادا آمنا را ـ ارزق أاهلاه منا ااجعال ها الياوم وا ه وا نا منهم باللـ ن آما ات ما را لما

ه إلاى عاذا الخر ار عه قاليل م أاض ت ن كافارا فاأما ما صير ﴿اب النار قاالا وا بئسا الما ﴾ ١٢٦ وا [2:126] This is pointing to an event in Prophet Ibraheems’ life, probably during his first visit to Makkah area

• اهيم إذ قاالا إبرا ذاا البالادا آمنا ا ـ ب اجعال ها باني را اجنبني وا ﴾٣٥ أان نعبدا الاصنااما ﴿وا [14:35] . This is pointing to a later visit to Makkah, when his family (Hagar and Ismail were already there).

• Hhh

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Sura Hijr

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A few Lessons

• Knowing how Allah SWT introduces the Quran to mankind facilitates the understanding• Who did it come from?• Why did it come to?• Who did it come through?• Which attributes of it are of impact?

• As an example, This is coming • from كيم العازيز الحا• For هدى للناس • Through the one who is لاعالاى خلق عاظيم ,

• as الكتااب المبين (so no excuse)