surface disturbances and ecological resources associated with oil & gas development

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SURFACE DISTURBANCES AND ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSOCIATED WITH OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Jana White, PhD Ecologist July 9, 2013

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Presentation for 2013 EORI CO2 Conference in Casper, WY July 9, 2013. Jana White, Ph.D. Ecologist for Trihydro, has nearly 15 years of experience working on diverse environmental projects. Her expertise includes biogeochemistry, botany, fate and transport modeling, and systems hydrology.

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Page 1: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

SURFACE DISTURBANCES AND ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSOCIATED WITH OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENTJana White, PhD EcologistJuly 9, 2013

Page 2: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Presentation Outline:1. Current status and future 

challengesa. Key regulations b. Case studies

2. Future industry directions and potential hurdles

‐ Using ecosystem services metrics for development prioritization

Page 3: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Ecological Resources

Vegetation Wetlands Sensitive habitats T&E Species Raptors Sage Grouse

What do operators encounter when an area is proposed for development?

Page 4: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Regulations – The Big Ones

NEPA (1969) Endangered Species Act (1973) Clean Water Act (1977) State of Wyoming Executive Order 2011‐5 Migratory Bird Treaty Act (1918) Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (1940) WY Environmental Quality Act BLM, Forest Service, State, Local Statutes

Page 5: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Vegetation Management and Revegetation

Agency‐specific   Based on mineral rights ownership  State and private mineral rights –WOGCC, WDEQ

Federal mineral rights –BLM

Reclamation plan required as part of POD, APD, or master development plan

Page 6: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Vegetation Management and Revegetation

Sustainable DevelopmentInterim reclamationminimize impacts of development on other resources and uses

Final reclamationcharacter and productivity of the land and water are restored

Wyoming BLM photo, BMP Guide

Page 7: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Vegetation Management and Revegetation

Pre‐development Planning Data for cover and species prior to development

Assist in setting reclamation goals

Page 8: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations – T&E Species

Wyoming: 18 listingsColorado: 35 listings

Wyoming Toad Photo: US FWS

Page 9: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations – T&E Species 1973 Endangered Species Act Affects all sites – public and private Initial T&E Species Evaluation Required on Proposed Oil and Gas Permits

Wyoming: 20 listings

Black‐footed ferret, FWS photoBlowout penstemon, FWS photo

Page 10: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations State‐listed species, species of concern

Hierarchy of EvaluationFederally listed T&E SpeciesBLM Sensitive SpeciesState‐listed

Mountain Plover, FWS photo/Fritz Knopf

Wyoming Pocket Gopher,FWS photo

Pygmy Rabbit

Page 11: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations – Raptors Migratory Bird Treaty Act Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

Protects birds, eggs, and nests

Page 12: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations – Raptors (WY)Raptors of Conservation Concern

Common NameSpatial buffer 

(miles) Seasonal buffer Golden Eagle 0.5 January 15 ‐ July 31Ferruginous Hawk 1 March 15 ‐ July 31 Swainson's Hawk 0.25 April 1 ‐ August 31Bald Eagle see our Bald Eagle information web pagePrairie Falcon 0.5 March 1 ‐ August 15Peregrine Falcon 0.5 March 1 ‐ August 15Short‐eared Owl 0.25 March15‐ August 1Burrowing Owl 0.25 April 1 – September 15Northern Goshawk 0.5 April 1 ‐ August 15

Seasonal noise limitations, buffers, and timing restrictions to reduce the impacts of construction, operations, and noise. 

Page 13: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Raptor Case Study What do we do if a raptor nest is present?

Page 14: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations – Sage GrouseState of Wyoming Executive Order (EO) 2011‐5. 

Management and regulations focused on Core Population Areas and identified leks. Maximum permissible disturbance Density of O&G development

FWS photo

Page 15: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations – Sage Grouse

Source: WY Game and Fish Department

Page 16: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wildlife Regulations – Sage Grouse

Source: WY Game and Fish Department

Page 17: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wetlands & Waters of the U.S.The Challenge:  What is a wetland?  Is it jurisdictional?

Page 18: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wetlands & Waters of the U.S.The Challenge:  What is a wetland?  Is it jurisdictional?

Intermittent & Ephemeral Wetlands and Streams

Page 19: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wetlands & Waters of the U.S.Regulatory Jurisdiction: Section 10 Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 Section 404 Clean Water Act of 1977

Page 20: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wetlands & Waters of the U.S.

Types of Permits:1)  Individual Permits

‐ wetland removal

2)  General/Nationwide Permits‐minor road projects, utility line installation, dam reconstruction activities

Page 21: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Wetland Case Study

Page 22: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Future Industry Directions

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BES)

Guidance document drafted by 2 global industry groups which formed the Biodiversity Working GroupFundamental Question:What is the business case for protecting and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services?

Page 23: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Future Industry DirectionsBES Categories:

Source: www.ipieca.org

Page 24: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Future Industry DirectionsFuture development prioritization based on ecological resource and ecosystem services assessments

Example – Pipeline Construction• Proper pipeline location can significantly reduce or 

eliminate impacts to cultural, scenic, biological, and other environmental factors

• Right of Way should be selected by considering 4 BES categories (Regulating, Provisioning, Cultural, and Supporting)

Page 25: Surface Disturbances and Ecological Resources Associated with Oil & Gas Development

Contact Information:Jana [email protected]/745‐7474