surface facilities 2014 - kopie
DESCRIPTION
Surface FacilitiesTRANSCRIPT
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SURFACE FACILITIES
Herbert Hofsttter
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GENERAL FLOW DIAGRAM
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SURFACE FACILITIES COMPONENTS
Gathering Station
Seperator
Treatment
Metering, Sampling, Testing
Storage
Chemical Injection
Disposal
Miscellaneous
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Undersaturated oil reservoirs
The reservoir pressure is above bubblepoint pressure, pb Underlying assumption: oil is the only phase that is present and flowing
Undersaturated Oil Reservoir
Temperature
Pre
ssure
Critical Point, C
Dew-Point
Line
Bubble-Point
Line
Undersaturated Oil
Condensate
Gas
Dry Gas Two-
Phase
Area
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The Production System
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The Production System
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Rs Gas solubility in oil
Bo oil volume factor
o oil viscosity
Saturated Oil Properties
p [psi]
Rs, Bo, o
Rs [scf/STB] gas solubility in oil
Bo [res bbl/STB] oil volume factor
o [cp] - viscosity
pb
saturated undersaturated
pi
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Properties of produced fluids: Impact of pressure, temperature and fluid on key hydrocarbon parameters and
fluid behavior
Valves: API valves, chokes, regulators, and flow control devices; principle of operation and effect on fluid condition
Safety systems: surface safety control systems; relief valves; pressure ratings; API recommended practices
Flowlines, manifolds and gathering systems: material selection, pressure drop considerations, line sizing, corrosion,
noise and erosion concerns, full wellstream production, two
and three phase fluid flow, pigging, slugs, foam and emulsions
Mechanical equipment: Pumps, compressors, heaters, sour and acid gas treating, pressured vessels, storage facilities and
other surface and subsurface treating/fluid handling equipment
SURFACE INSTALLATIONS
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Gas separation / treating: two and three phase separation, free water removal, treatment of emulsions, hydrate prevention
and treatment, vapor recovery, gas conditioning for sales,
injection or field usage
Oil / water separation and treatment: two and three phase separation, emulsion breaking, asphaltenes, solids control,
removal of residual oil-in-water and water-in-oil to meet
pipeline specifications or injection / disposal requirements,
hydrocyclones and new water / oil treating equipment
Fluid measurement and instrumentation: Liquid and gas metering using positive displacement meters, orifices, sonic
meters, mass measurement meters, three phase flow
measurement and new metering devices
SURFACE INSTALLATIONS contd
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Sour gas treatment: field handling and treatment of sour and acid gases, safety considerations, API standards
Corrosion: fundamental principles; detection, prevention and treatment
Treating facility innovations: up-to-date description of new equipment for handling high pressure/temperature, three
phase flow from subsea and remote locations
OTHERS
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GATHERING STATION
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CLASSIFICATION OF SEPARATORS
By position or shape of the vessel
Vertical
Horizontal
Single barrel Double barrel
Spherical
By number of fluids to be segregated
Two Phase
Three Phase
Filterseparator
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FREE WATER KNOCKOUT
Free Water Knock Out : a vertical or horizontal vessel into which
oil or emulsion is run to allow any water not emulsified with the oil
( free water ) to drop out
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GAS SEPARATOR
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OIL SEPARATOR
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VERTICAL SEPARATOR
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MULTI STAGE SEPARATION
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HORIZONTAL SEPARATOR
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HORIZONTAL SEPARATOR
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28 bar
GAS/GAS HEAT EXCHANGER
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GAS/WATER HEAT EXCHANGER
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HEATER
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OIL/WATER HEAT EXCHANGER
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METERING STATION
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CHEMICAL INJECTION
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CaCl2 DEHYDRATION
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GLYCOL DEHYDRATION
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GLYCOL REGENERATION
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PIGGING SYSTEMS
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REFRIGERATION
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FLOATING ROOF TANK
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BOLTED STEEL TANK
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Spherical Tank
Spheroidal Tank
Noded Spheroidal Tank
SPHEROIDAL TANK
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LPG Tanker