surface screened intake implementation considerations€¦ · erosion events), o) reduced hydraulic...
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Surface Screened Intake Implementation Considerations
Zita Yu, PhD, PETechnical Planning Supervisor
CalDesal Conference 2019February 7, 2019
www.westbasin.org/desal1
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Mission
Provide a safe and reliable supply of high-quality water to the communities we serve.
www.westbasin.org2
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West Basin Board of Directors
Division I Harold C. WilliamsTreasurer
Division IIGloria D. GrayVice President
Division IIICarol W. KwanSecretary
Division IVScott HoustonPresident
Division VDonald L. DearImmediate Past President
www.westbasin.org3
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Service Area
www.westbasin.org4
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100%
Groundwater
55%
19%
9%
>1% 16%
Imported WaterPotableMetropolitan & West Basin
GroundwaterPotableCities & Retailers
Recycled WaterNon-Potable and Potable ReuseWest Basin
Brackish GroundwaterDesalinationPotableRetailerConservationWest Basin & Retailers
Water Supply Diversification Over the Years
www.westbasin.org5
Now
Pre-
1947
80%
20%
Imported Water
Groundwater
1990
Sources
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Future Water Reliability Through Supply Diversification
www.westbasin.org6
39%
18%
13%
11%
19%Imported WaterPotableMetropolitan & West Basin
GroundwaterPotableCities & Retailers
Recycled WaterNon-Potable and Potable ReuseWest Basin
Ocean Water Desalination (Potential)PotableWest Basin
ConservationWest Basin & Retailers
Projected
2030
Sources
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Ocean Water Desalination Program Step-wise Approach Development
www.westbasin.org/desal7
Pilot Study (2000 – 2008)
Demonstration Study
(2008-2017)
EIR Preparation
(2015 –Present)
EIR Certification and a Board
Decision (Summer / Fall
2019)
Permitting (if approved by Board, TBD)
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Ocean Plan Surface Screened Intakes
www.westbasin.org/desal8
• Screen opening size: 1 mm (0.04 in.)
• Through-screen velocity: <0.5 feet per second
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Wedge Wire Screens
www.westbasin.org/desal9
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CA Fish Screening Criteria (Freshwater)
www.westbasin.org/desal10
California Fish & Game Commissions• Criteria
• Structure placement• Approach Velocity • Sweeping Velocity • Screen Openings• Screen Construction
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Screening Mechanism• A size-selective mechanical barrier that prevents
objects (marine life, sediments, or rubbish) greater than the opening size from passing through it.
• Two main driving forces for objects to pass through:
• Sizes • Approach velocity vs sweeping velocity• Motility
www.westbasin.org/desal11
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Ocean Plan: Mortality Reduction by Screens
“The regional water board may apply a one percent reduction to the APF acreage calculated in the Marine Life Mortality Report to account for the reduction in entrainment of all forms of marine life* when using a 1.0 mm slot size screen.”
www.westbasin.org/desal12
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Size
• :
www.westbasin.org/desal13
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Approach Velocity vs Sweeping Velocity
www.westbasin.org/desal14
Approach velocity
Through-screen velocity
Sweeping velocity
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Approach Vs Sweeping Velocities in Reservoir (2-inch from Screen)
www.westbasin.org/desal15
Sweeping velocity Approach velocity
Through-screen velocity: 0.66 ft/s
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Screen Orientation
www.westbasin.org/desal16
Prevailing current flow
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Operations: Corrosion and Biofouling Management
www.westbasin.org/desal17
• Material selection• Passive screens
• Slot openings: • Hydroburst backwash screen intake system
(passive screens)• Main structure
• Macro-biofoulant is manually removed by divers
• Active screens, rotating screens• Regular diver inspection • (Mechanical failure)
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Material Selection and Biofouling
www.westbasin.org/desal18
Stainless Steel with Antifouling Coating Cu-Ni Alloy
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Closing
www.westbasin.org/desal19
• Ocean water desalination can be an important climate change adaptation strategy to increase water reliability and drought resiliency in freshwater resources limited regions
• Subsurface intakes may not always work• Intake entrainment and impingement impacts are reduced
effectively by the use of screens, especially with low through-screen velocity
• Mortality reduction credit of 1% should be based on what can physically enter the screens
• Mitigation measures prescribed in the Ocean Plan could provide California an important resource to restore coastal resources to benefit the ecosystem as well as our communities
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Thank you!
Zita Yu, PhD, PETechnical Planning Supervisor
Tel: 310-660-6213
www.westbasin.2
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Proposed Project Location
www.westbasin.org/desal21
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Nourished Beaches
www.westbasin.org/desal22
Ballona Creek
Coastline with sand nourishment
Coastline without sand nourishment
Littoral transport
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Subsurface Intake Technologies
www.westbasin.org/desal23
• Vertical wells• Slant wells• Radial (Ranney) collector wells• Horizontal directional-drilled (HDD) wells (sometimes
called drains)• Seabed infiltration gallery• Beach (surf zone) infiltration gallery• Deep infiltration gallery (water tunnel)
• Key findings presented in the 2018 CalDesal Conference https://bit.ly/2REsNsW
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www.westbasin.org/desal24
Coastal Margin in El Segundo
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Constraints of Using HDD Wells
www.westbasin.org/desal25
Construction• Clay layer (20 feet) below the ocean floor limited hydraulic connection
• Overburden < drilling mud pressure drilling mud leakage
• The presence of gravel and cobbles 1) deflect an HDD boring, 2) obstruct the reaming pull-back of the intake pipe, 3) drilling mud leakage
• Existing subsurface infrastructure (oil pipelines and submarine cables) damage C) from drilling activities O) from leakage from oil pipelines
Operations• Closure depth of 50ft @ 6,500ft from coastline O) expose the drains (major
erosion events), O) reduced hydraulic connection (major deposition events)
• Fine-grained deposition carried by the prevailing southward littoral transport clogging
• Lack of precedence of intake systems operating in similar settings.
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Conveyance System
www.westbasin.org/desal26